Soviet NKVD crossed the border with Japan. Biography. A more than successful career...

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And he actively collaborated with Japanese intelligence. Abroad, he covered in detail his participation in the Great Terror, exposed the methods of the NKVD, and prepared an assassination attempt on Stalin.

Biography

early years

In December 1934, he participated in the investigation of the murder of S. M. Kirov. He tried to counteract the attempts of N. I. Ezhov and A. V. Kosarev to control the investigation (later, having defected to the Japanese, he would declare that Kirov’s killer L. V. Nikolaev was a mentally ill person, and not a member of the terrorist Zinoviev organization, which was “inferred” consequence). But the future People's Commissar of the NKVD Lyushkova did not remember the disagreements of that time; on the contrary, he kept him among his favorites. Lyushkov also enjoyed the favor of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs in 1934-1936 G. G. Yagoda: after returning from Leningrad, he prepared the most important orders for the NKVD and the most significant memos to the Party Central Committee (on behalf of Yagoda), and was used to monitor the situation in the Secret Service. Political department.

At the beginning of June 1937 he was awarded the Order of Lenin.

In 1937-1938 - head of the NKVD department for the Far East. In connection with the beginning of Japan's military intervention against China, the situation in the region is attracting increased attention from the Soviet leadership. On June 28, 1937, he received a brief briefing on his future duties personally from Stalin during a 15-minute audience.

Compromising evidence, recall to Moscow and escape

Lyushkov was Yagoda’s highest-ranking nominee, who retained his position for a long time after his disgrace. Moreover, the new all-powerful People's Commissar of the NKVD in every possible way defended his name from compromising evidence. Yagoda was sentenced to death at the Third Moscow Trial, and in 1937-1938, the security officers under investigation often mentioned the name of Lyushkov along with the name of the former People's Commissar. In particular, the former head of the NKVD of the ZSFSR D.I. Lordkipanidze reported about his membership in a counter-revolutionary organization, but Yezhov did not bring the information to Stalin, but demanded that Frinovsky interrogate Yagoda and prove Lyushkov’s non-involvement. The testimony of Yagoda's deputy G.E. Prokofiev was corrected with the exception of the fragment about Lyushkov. Frinovsky expressed doubt about the need to protect Lyushkov, but Yezhov convinced his deputy.

After Lyushkov was sent to the Far East, incriminating evidence against him was received from L. G. Mironov (former head of the Counterintelligence Department of the GUGB NKVD of the USSR) and N. M. Bystrykh (brother of the deputy head of the Main Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Militia). Yezhov re-interrogated the first and forced him to retract his previous testimony, the second was “qualified” as a criminal, which made it possible to transfer his case to the police “troika” and remove the political component.

However, then the question of political distrust in Lyushkov was raised by Marshal V.K. Blucher. At the end of April 1938, I. M. Leplevsky, one of Lyushkov’s closest associates, was arrested, and a little later, for harboring his Trotskyist brother, Lyushkov’s deputy, M. A. Kagan, was summoned to Moscow and arrested, which was already a serious alarming sign. On May 26, 1938, Lyushkov was relieved of his duties as head of the Far Eastern NKVD, allegedly in connection with the reorganization of the NKVD GUGB and appointment to the central apparatus. Yezhov informed him about this in a telegram, where he asked for his opinion on the transfer to Moscow. The text of the telegram revealed that in reality he was being recalled for arrest (no specific position was offered, only the desire to work in the center in general was found out, which was not asked about during appointments; for some reason, the selection of a successor was specifically mentioned). In June 1938, Frinovsky and L.Z. Mehlis arrived in the Far East to purge the leadership of the Pacific Fleet, border troops and the local NKVD.

An experienced security officer who knew the methods of the NKVD understood what this meant and decided to flee the country. According to currently available archival data, it can be stated with a certain degree of confidence that Lyushkov prepared his escape in advance. On May 28, he telegraphed that he thanked for the trust shown and considered the new job an honor, but 2 weeks before that, he ordered his wife to take their daughter and go to one of the clinics in Western Europe (documents confirming the need for treatment for his daughter, for this trip to were already ready by that time). Upon safe arrival, the wife was supposed to send Lyushkov a telegram containing the text “I am sending my kisses.” However, the development of Lyushkov began already then - his wife Nina Vasilyevna Pismennaya (the first wife of Yakov Volfovich Pismennaya - Major General of the NKVD of Ukraine and the most famous test pilot) was arrested, spent 8 years in the camps, fully experiencing torment and torture for her husband, and was subsequently rehabilitated. After rehabilitation, she found her daughter Lyudmila Yakovlevna Pismennaya (Lyushkov's stepdaughter) in Jurmala, Latvia, where she lived all her life and died at the age of 90 there. Lyushkov's stepdaughter Lyudmila Pismennaya, after the arrest of her mother and the flight of her stepfather, was saved by her father's sister Anna Vladimirovna (Volfovna) Shulman (Pismennaya) and after the war she and her family moved to Latvia, where she lived until her death in 2010.

On June 9, 1938, Lyushkov informed Deputy G. M. Osinin-Vinnitsky about his departure to the border Posiet to meet with a particularly important agent. On the night of June 13, he arrived at the location of the 59th border detachment, ostensibly to inspect posts and the border strip. Lyushkov was dressed in field uniform when receiving awards. Having ordered the head of the outpost to accompany him, he moved on foot to one of the sections of the border. Upon arrival, Lyushkov announced to the escort that he had a meeting on the “other side” with a particularly important Manchurian illegal agent, and since no one should know him by sight, he would go on alone, and the head of the outpost should go half a kilometer towards Soviet territory and wait for the conditional signal. Lyushkov left, and the head of the outpost did as ordered, but after waiting for him for more than two hours, he raised the alarm. The outpost was raised to arms, and more than 100 border guards combed the area until the morning. For more than a week, before news came from Japan, Lyushkov was considered missing, namely that he was kidnapped (killed) by the Japanese. Lyushkov had by that time crossed the border and on June 14, 1938, at approximately 5:30 am, near the city of Hunchun, he surrendered to the Manchu border guards and asked for political asylum. Afterwards he was transported to Japan and collaborated with the Japanese military department.

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Notes

Literature

Prokhorov D. P., Lemekhov O. I. Defectors. Shot in absentia. - M.: Veche; ARIA-AiF, 2001. - 464 p. - ISBN 5-7838-0838-5 (“Veche”); ISBN 5-93229-120-6 (ZAO ARIA-AiF)
// Petrov N.V., Skorkin K.V./ Ed. N. G. Okhotin and A. B. Roginsky. - M.: Links, 1999. - 502 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-7870-0032-3.

Excerpt characterizing Lyushkov, Genrikh Samoilovich

“Completely different, and still the same,” thought Nikolai, looking at her face, all illuminated by moonlight. He put his hands under the fur coat that covered her head, hugged her, pressed her to him and kissed her on the lips, above which there was a mustache and from which there was a smell of burnt cork. Sonya kissed him in the very center of his lips and, extending her small hands, took his cheeks on both sides.
“Sonya!... Nicolas!...” they just said. They ran to the barn and returned each from their own porch.

When everyone drove back from Pelageya Danilovna, Natasha, who always saw and noticed everything, arranged the accommodation in such a way that Luiza Ivanovna and she sat in the sleigh with Dimmler, and Sonya sat with Nikolai and the girls.
Nikolai, no longer overtaking, rode smoothly on the way back, and still peering at Sonya in this strange moonlight, looking for in this ever-changing light, from under his eyebrows and mustache, that former and present Sonya, with whom he had decided never again to be separated. He peered, and when he recognized the same and the other and remembered, hearing that smell of cork, mixed with the feeling of a kiss, he deeply inhaled the frosty air and, looking at the receding earth and the brilliant sky, he felt himself again in a magical kingdom.
- Sonya, are you okay? – he asked occasionally.
“Yes,” answered Sonya. - And you?
In the middle of the road, Nikolai let the coachman hold the horses, ran up to Natasha’s sleigh for a moment and stood on the lead.
“Natasha,” he told her in a whisper in French, “you know, I’ve made up my mind about Sonya.”
-Did you tell her? – Natasha asked, suddenly beaming with joy.
- Oh, how strange you are with those mustaches and eyebrows, Natasha! Are you glad?
– I’m so glad, so glad! I was already angry with you. I didn't tell you, but you treated her badly. This is such a heart, Nicolas. I am so glad! “I can be nasty, but I was ashamed to be the only happy one without Sonya,” Natasha continued. “Now I’m so glad, well, run to her.”
- No, wait, oh, how funny you are! - said Nikolai, still peering at her, and in his sister, too, finding something new, extraordinary and charmingly tender, which he had never seen in her before. - Natasha, something magical. A?
“Yes,” she answered, “you did great.”
“If I had seen her before as she is now,” thought Nikolai, “I would have asked long ago what to do and would have done whatever she ordered, and everything would have been fine.”
“So you’re happy, and I did good?”
- Oh, so good! I recently quarreled with my mother over this. Mom said she's catching you. How can you say this? I almost got into a fight with my mom. And I will never allow anyone to say or think anything bad about her, because there is only good in her.
- So good? - Nikolai said, once again looking for the expression on his sister’s face to find out if it was true, and, squeaking with his boots, he jumped off the slope and ran to his sleigh. The same happy, smiling Circassian, with a mustache and sparkling eyes, looking out from under a sable hood, was sitting there, and this Circassian was Sonya, and this Sonya was probably his future, happy and loving wife.
Arriving home and telling their mother about how they spent time with the Melyukovs, the young ladies went home. Having undressed, but without erasing their cork mustaches, they sat for a long time, talking about their happiness. They talked about how they would live married, how their husbands would be friends and how happy they would be.
On Natasha’s table there were mirrors that Dunyasha had prepared since the evening. - Just when will all this happen? I'm afraid I never... That would be too good! – Natasha said getting up and going to the mirrors.
“Sit down, Natasha, maybe you’ll see him,” said Sonya. Natasha lit the candles and sat down. “I see someone with a mustache,” said Natasha, who saw her face.
“Don’t laugh, young lady,” Dunyasha said.
With the help of Sonya and the maid, Natasha found the position of the mirror; her face took on a serious expression and she fell silent. She sat for a long time, looking at the row of receding candles in the mirrors, assuming (based on the stories she had heard) that she would see the coffin, that she would see him, Prince Andrei, in this last, merging, vague square. But no matter how ready she was to mistake the slightest spot for the image of a person or a coffin, she saw nothing. She began to blink frequently and moved away from the mirror.
- Why do others see, but I don’t see anything? - she said. - Well, sit down, Sonya; “Nowadays you definitely need it,” she said. – Only for me... I’m so scared today!
Sonya sat down at the mirror, adjusted her position, and began to look.
“They’ll definitely see Sofya Alexandrovna,” Dunyasha said in a whisper; - and you keep laughing.
Sonya heard these words, and heard Natasha say in a whisper:
“And I know that she will see; she saw last year too.
For about three minutes everyone was silent. “Certainly!” Natasha whispered and didn’t finish... Suddenly Sonya moved away the mirror she was holding and covered her eyes with her hand.
- Oh, Natasha! - she said.
– Did you see it? Did you see it? What did you see? – Natasha screamed, holding up the mirror.
Sonya didn’t see anything, she just wanted to blink her eyes and get up when she heard Natasha’s voice saying “definitely”... She didn’t want to deceive either Dunyasha or Natasha, and it was hard to sit. She herself did not know how or why a cry escaped her when she covered her eyes with her hand.
– Did you see him? – Natasha asked, grabbing her hand.
- Yes. Wait... I... saw him,” Sonya said involuntarily, not yet knowing who Natasha meant by the word “him”: him - Nikolai or him - Andrey.
“But why shouldn’t I say what I saw? After all, others see! And who can convict me of what I saw or did not see? flashed through Sonya's head.
“Yes, I saw him,” she said.
- How? How? Is it standing or lying down?
- No, I saw... Then there was nothing, suddenly I see that he is lying.
– Andrey is lying down? He is sick? – Natasha asked, looking at her friend with fearful, stopped eyes.
- No, on the contrary, - on the contrary, a cheerful face, and he turned to me - and at that moment as she spoke, it seemed to her that she saw what she was saying.
- Well, then, Sonya?...
– I didn’t notice something blue and red here...
- Sonya! when will he return? When I see him! My God, how I’m afraid for him and for myself, and for everything I’m afraid...” Natasha spoke, and without answering a word to Sonya’s consolations, she went to bed and long after the candle had been put out, with her eyes open, she lay motionless on the bed and looked at the frosty moonlight through the frozen windows.

Soon after Christmas, Nikolai announced to his mother his love for Sonya and his firm decision to marry her. The Countess, who had long noticed what was happening between Sonya and Nikolai and was expecting this explanation, silently listened to his words and told her son that he could marry whomever he wanted; but that neither she nor his father would give him his blessing for such a marriage. For the first time, Nikolai felt that his mother was unhappy with him, that despite all her love for him, she would not give in to him. She, coldly and without looking at her son, sent for her husband; and when he arrived, the countess wanted to briefly and coldly tell him what was the matter in the presence of Nikolai, but she could not resist: she cried tears of frustration and left the room. The old count began to hesitantly admonish Nicholas and ask him to abandon his intention. Nicholas replied that he could not change his word, and the father, sighing and obviously embarrassed, very soon interrupted his speech and went to the countess. In all his clashes with his son, the count was never left with the consciousness of his guilt towards him for the breakdown of affairs, and therefore he could not be angry with his son for refusing to marry a rich bride and for choosing the dowryless Sonya - only in this case did he more vividly remember what, if things weren’t upset, it would be impossible to wish for a better wife for Nikolai than Sonya; and that only he and his Mitenka and his irresistible habits are to blame for the disorder of affairs.
The father and mother no longer spoke about this matter with their son; but a few days after this, the countess called Sonya to her and with cruelty that neither one nor the other expected, the countess reproached her niece for luring her son and for ingratitude. Sonya, silently with downcast eyes, listened to the countess’s cruel words and did not understand what was required of her. She was ready to sacrifice everything for her benefactors. The thought of self-sacrifice was her favorite thought; but in this case she could not understand to whom and what she needed to sacrifice. She could not help but love the Countess and the entire Rostov family, but she also could not help but love Nikolai and not know that his happiness depended on this love. She was silent and sad and did not answer. Nikolai, as it seemed to him, could not bear this situation any longer and went to explain himself to his mother. Nikolai either begged his mother to forgive him and Sonya and agree to their marriage, or threatened his mother that if Sonya was persecuted, he would immediately marry her secretly.
The countess, with a coldness that her son had never seen, answered him that he was of age, that Prince Andrei was marrying without his father’s consent, and that he could do the same, but that she would never recognize this intriguer as her daughter.
Exploded by the word intriguer, Nikolai, raising his voice, told his mother that he never thought that she would force him to sell his feelings, and that if this was so, then this would be the last time he spoke... But he did not have time to say that decisive word, which, judging by the expression on his face, his mother was waiting with horror and which, perhaps, would forever remain a cruel memory between them. He did not have time to finish, because Natasha, with a pale and serious face, entered the room from the door where she had been eavesdropping.
- Nikolinka, you are talking nonsense, shut up, shut up! I’m telling you, shut up!.. – she almost shouted to drown out his voice.
“Mom, my dear, this is not at all because... my poor darling,” she turned to the mother, who, feeling on the verge of breaking, looked at her son with horror, but, due to stubbornness and enthusiasm for the struggle, did not want and could not give up.
“Nikolinka, I’ll explain it to you, you go away - listen, mother dear,” she said to her mother.
Her words were meaningless; but they achieved the result she was striving for.
The countess, sobbing heavily, hid her face in her daughter's chest, and Nikolai stood up, grabbed his head and left the room.
Natasha took up the matter of reconciliation and brought it to the point that Nikolai received a promise from his mother that Sonya would not be oppressed, and he himself made a promise that he would not do anything secretly from his parents.
With the firm intention, having settled his affairs in the regiment, to resign, come and marry Sonya, Nikolai, sad and serious, at odds with his family, but, as it seemed to him, passionately in love, left for the regiment in early January.
After Nikolai's departure, the Rostovs' house became sadder than ever. The Countess became ill from mental disorder.
Sonya was sad both from the separation from Nikolai and even more from the hostile tone with which the countess could not help but treat her. The Count was more than ever concerned about the bad state of affairs, which required some drastic measures. It was necessary to sell a Moscow house and a house near Moscow, and to sell the house it was necessary to go to Moscow. But the countess’s health forced her to postpone her departure from day to day.
Natasha, who had easily and even cheerfully endured the first time of separation from her fiancé, now became more excited and impatient every day. The thought that her best time, which she would have spent loving him, was being wasted in such a way, for nothing, for no one, persistently tormented her. Most of his letters angered her. It was insulting to her to think that while she lived only in the thought of him, he lived a real life, saw new places, new people that were interesting to him. The more entertaining his letters were, the more annoying she was. Her letters to him not only did not bring her any comfort, but seemed like a boring and false duty. She did not know how to write because she could not comprehend the possibility of truthfully expressing in writing even one thousandth part of what she was accustomed to express with her voice, smile and gaze. She wrote him classically monotonous, dry letters, to which she herself did not attribute any meaning and in which, according to Brouillons, the countess corrected her spelling errors.
The Countess's health was not improving; but it was no longer possible to postpone the trip to Moscow. It was necessary to make a dowry, it was necessary to sell the house, and, moreover, Prince Andrei was first expected in Moscow, where Prince Nikolai Andreich lived that winter, and Natasha was sure that he had already arrived.
The Countess remained in the village, and the Count, taking Sonya and Natasha with him, went to Moscow at the end of January.

Pierre, after the matchmaking of Prince Andrei and Natasha, without any obvious reason, suddenly felt the impossibility of continuing his previous life. No matter how firmly he was convinced of the truths revealed to him by his benefactor, no matter how joyful he was during that first period of fascination with the inner work of self-improvement, which he devoted himself to with such fervor, after the engagement of Prince Andrei to Natasha and after the death of Joseph Alekseevich, about which he received news almost at the same time - all the charm of this former life suddenly disappeared for him. Only one skeleton of life remained: his home with his brilliant wife, who now enjoyed the favors of one important person, acquaintance with all of St. Petersburg and service with boring formalities. And this former life suddenly presented itself to Pierre with unexpected abomination. He stopped writing his diary, avoided the company of his brothers, began to go to the club again, began to drink a lot again, again became close to single companies and began to lead such a life that Countess Elena Vasilievna considered it necessary to make a stern reprimand to him. Pierre, feeling that she was right, and in order not to compromise his wife, left for Moscow.
In Moscow, as soon as he entered his huge house with withered and withering princesses, with huge courtyards, as soon as he saw - driving through the city - this Iverskaya Chapel with countless candle lights in front of golden vestments, this Kremlin Square with untrodden snow, these cab drivers and the shacks of Sivtsev Vrazhka, saw old Moscow people who wanted nothing and were slowly living out their lives, saw old women, Moscow ladies, Moscow balls and the Moscow English Club - he felt at home, in a quiet refuge. In Moscow he felt calm, warm, familiar and dirty, like wearing an old robe.
Moscow society, everyone, from old women to children, accepted Pierre as their long-awaited guest, whose place was always ready and not occupied. For Moscow society, Pierre was the sweetest, kindest, smartest, cheerful, generous eccentric, absent-minded and sincere, Russian, old-fashioned gentleman. His wallet was always empty, because it was open to everyone.
Benefit performances, bad paintings, statues, charitable societies, gypsies, schools, subscription dinners, revelries, Freemasons, churches, books - no one and nothing was refused, and if not for his two friends, who borrowed a lot of money from him and took him under their custody, he would give everything away. There was no lunch or evening at the club without him. As soon as he slumped back in his place on the sofa after two bottles of Margot, people surrounded him and conversations, arguments, and jokes ensued. Where they quarreled, he made peace with one of his kind smiles and, by the way, a joke. Masonic lodges were boring and lethargic without him.
When, after a single dinner, he, with a kind and sweet smile, surrendering to the requests of the cheerful company, got up to go with them, joyful, solemn cries were heard among the youth. At balls he danced if there was no gentleman available. Young ladies and young ladies loved him because, without courting anyone, he was equally kind to everyone, especially after dinner. “Il est charmant, il n"a pas de sehe,” [He is very cute, but has no gender], they said about him.
Pierre was that retired good-natured chamberlain living out his days in Moscow, of which there were hundreds.
How horrified he would have been if seven years ago, when he had just arrived from abroad, someone had told him that he didn’t need to look for anything or invent anything, that his path had been broken long ago, determined from eternity, and that, no matter how he turn around, he will be what everyone else in his position was. He couldn't believe it! Didn’t he want with all his soul to establish a republic in Russia, to be Napoleon himself, to be a philosopher, to be a tactician, to defeat Napoleon? Didn’t he see the opportunity and passionately desire to regenerate the vicious human race and bring himself to the highest degree of perfection? Didn't he establish schools and hospitals and set his peasants free?
And instead of all this, here he is, the rich husband of an unfaithful wife, a retired chamberlain who loves to eat, drink and easily scold the government when unbuttoned, a member of the Moscow English Club and everyone’s favorite member of Moscow society. For a long time he could not come to terms with the idea that he was the same retired Moscow chamberlain whose type he so deeply despised seven years ago.
Sometimes he consoled himself with thoughts that this was the only way he was leading this life; but then he was horrified by another thought, that so far, how many people had already entered, like him, with all their teeth and hair, into this life and into this club, and left without one tooth and hair.
In moments of pride, when he thought about his position, it seemed to him that he was completely different, special from those retired chamberlains whom he had despised before, that they were vulgar and stupid, happy and reassured by their position, “and even now I am still dissatisfied “I still want to do something for humanity,” he said to himself in moments of pride. “Or maybe all those comrades of mine, just like me, struggled, were looking for some new, their own path in life, and just like me, by the force of the situation, society, breed, that elemental force against which there is no a powerful man, they were brought to the same place as I,” he said to himself in moments of modesty, and after living in Moscow for some time, he no longer despised, but began to love, respect and pity, as well as himself, his comrades by fate .
Pierre was not, as before, in moments of despair, melancholy and disgust for life; but the same illness, which had previously expressed itself in sharp attacks, was driven inside and did not leave him for a moment. "For what? For what? What is going on in the world?” he asked himself in bewilderment several times a day, involuntarily beginning to ponder the meaning of the phenomena of life; but knowing from experience that there were no answers to these questions, he hastily tried to turn away from them, took up a book, or hurried to the club, or to Apollo Nikolaevich to chat about city gossip.
“Elena Vasilievna, who has never loved anything except her body and is one of the stupidest women in the world,” thought Pierre, “seems to people to be the height of intelligence and sophistication, and they bow before her. Napoleon Bonaparte was despised by everyone as long as he was great, and since he became a pathetic comedian, Emperor Franz has been trying to offer him his daughter as an illegitimate wife. The Spaniards send up prayers to God through the Catholic clergy in gratitude for the fact that they defeated the French on June 14th, and the French send up prayers through the same Catholic clergy that they defeated the Spaniards on June 14th. My brother Masons swear on blood that they are ready to sacrifice everything for their neighbor, and do not pay one ruble each for the collection of the poor and intrigue Astraeus against the Seekers of Manna, and are busy about the real Scottish carpet and about an act, the meaning of which is not known even to those who wrote it, and which no one needs. We all profess the Christian law of forgiveness of insults and love for one’s neighbor - the law, as a result of which we erected forty forty churches in Moscow, and yesterday we whipped a fleeing man, and the servant of the same law of love and forgiveness, the priest, allowed the cross to be kissed by a soldier before execution.” . So thought Pierre, and this whole, common, universally recognized lie, no matter how accustomed he was to it, as if it were something new, amazed him every time. “I understand these lies and confusion,” he thought, “but how can I tell them everything that I understand? I tried and always found that deep down in their souls they understand the same thing as me, but they just try not to see it. So it must be so! But for me, where should I go?” thought Pierre. He experienced the unfortunate ability of many, especially Russian people - the ability to see and believe in the possibility of good and truth, and to see too clearly the evil and lies of life in order to be able to take a serious part in it. Every area of labor in his eyes was associated with evil and deception. Whatever he tried to be, whatever he undertook, evil and lies repulsed him and blocked all paths of activity for him. Meanwhile, I had to live, I had to be busy. It was too scary to be under the yoke of these insoluble questions of life, and he gave himself up to his first hobbies just to forget them. He traveled to all sorts of societies, drank a lot, bought paintings and built, and most importantly read.

Lyushkov Genrikh Samoilovich, born in 1900, born. Odessa, former head of the NKVD department in the Far East, state security commissioner of the 3rd rank.

Member of the Bolshevik Party since 1917. Participant in battles on the fronts of the Civil War. In 1919, after completing courses at the Cheka of Ukraine, he became the head of the political department of the brigade, in which he fought on the Soviet-Polish front.

Since 1921 he worked in the OGPU of Ukraine, then in the secret political department of the NKVD. In 1936-1938. successively holds the posts of head of the Azov-Black Sea department of the NKVD, head of the border troops, head of the NKVD department in the Far East. Active organizer of repressions in these regions. According to some reports, at least 70 thousand people were repressed under his leadership.

After the arrests began in 1937-1938. in the NKVD, L. decides to flee abroad. In July 1938, he went to the border detachment for an inspection. He used this event to illegally cross the border, while crossing which he was detained by Chinese border guards. He was searched, disarmed and taken to the headquarters of the Japanese military unit. During interrogation, L. introduced himself and stated that he was voluntarily going over to the Japanese side for fear of reprisals in the USSR. He provided the Japanese military with information about the combat readiness and deployment plans of the Special Far Eastern Army, the state border security system, the NKVD agents in Manchuria, and the economic situation in the Soviet Far East.

After three weeks of interrogation at the headquarters of the Kwantung Army, L. was taken to Japan.

Here he was involved by Japanese intelligence in the development and implementation of a plan to kill I.V. Stalin (Operation Bear). L. proposed to destroy the Soviet leader in Sochi during his trip to Matsesta to take medicinal baths. Based on L.’s drawings, a mock-up of a bathroom building was built at the terrorist training camp for the corresponding training of the perpetrators of the murder. The Japanese came to the conclusion that their plan was feasible.

In January 1939, L. and a group of terrorists, consisting of white emigrants, departed by ship for Naples, where they were met by a Japanese intelligence officer. After completing the necessary documents and obtaining visas, L. and his group left for Istanbul. Then the terrorists headed to the Soviet-Turkish border, crossed it and moved along the banks of the Morukha River. However, here they were met with machine gun fire. The vanguard of the group was destroyed, the rest managed to escape.

After the failure of the operation, L. returned to Japan, where he continued to work in Japanese military intelligence. He prepared reviews of the Soviet press and radio broadcasts from the USSR, and made expert opinions on Soviet foreign policy. Participated as an expert in the development of subversive actions on the territory of the Soviet Union.

After the entry of Soviet troops into Manchuria in August 1945, L. was allegedly summoned for negotiations to the military mission in the city of Dairen, where he was killed. According to another version, L. was strangled and his body was thrown into the bay.

Vitaly Karavashkin, "Who betrayed Russia", 2008

About him in

Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov, (1900-1968), was born in Odessa, into the family of a tailor. Jew. He received secondary education and worked as a clerk. Before the revolution, he was not interested in politics; he joined the Bolshevik Party in 1917, under the influence of his older brother. At the same time he joined the Red Guard, and in 1918. was accepted into service in the Cheka. A member of the Odessa Revolutionary Committee, he worked underground in German-occupied Ukraine, and in 1920. - Deputy Chairman of the Cheka in Tiraspol, where he “distinguished himself” with the deportations of Romanians. Then he served in the Odessa, Kamenets-Podolsk, Proskurov Cheka, and in 1924. was transferred to Kharkov, and soon he was sent abroad - Lyushkov was engaged in economic espionage in Germany. Genrikh Samoilovich showed himself to be a good intelligence officer, compensating for the lack of education with natural abilities and intelligence.

In 1931 G.S. Lyushkov is the head of the Secret Political Department of the GPU of Ukraine, and is engaged in “uprooting the nationalist underground”: he was one of the initiators of the falsified “case” about the “Union of Ukrainian Youth”, for which he was promoted - transferred to the central apparatus of the GPU, and assigned conducting an investigation into a new falsified case: the “Russian National Party”. Lyushkov himself conducted interrogations of those arrested. He was again “distinguished”: he was brought in to investigate the circumstances of the murder of S.M. Kirov. He opposed the attempts of N.I. Ezhov and A.V. Kosarev to control the progress of the investigation, put forward the version that L. Nikolaev, who shot Kirov, was mentally insane, and that the Zinoviev opposition, whose involvement in the case was indicated by J.V. Stalin, has nothing to do with it. Stalin forgave Lyushkov for his adherence to principles, and N.I. Ezhov even made him one of his “favorites”: in 1934-1936. Lyushkov actually takes over from Yagoda’s influence the Secret Political Department of the NKVD, prepares the most important orders for the People’s Commissariat and memos to the Central Committee on behalf of the People’s Commissar.

In 1935-1936. G.S. Lyushkov is one of the leaders of the preparation of the “Kremlin case” and the trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev. In 1936-1937 - Head of the NKVD for the Azov-Black Sea region, where he led the deployment of mass terror. He was a member of the regional “troika” of the NKVD; with his sanction, for example, the prominent Bolshevik A.G. Beloborodov was arrested. For his “successes” he was awarded the Order of Lenin, and Yezhov, who now trusted him a little less than M.P. Frinovsky or L.M. Zakovsky, sent him as the NKVD plenipotentiary representative for the Far East - in fact, his personal representative with almost unlimited powers. Stalin personally gave him his instructions for his work. In Khabarovsk, G.S. Lyushkov organized a “purge” of the local NKVD: there was a reason for it - local security officers, taking advantage of the distance from the center, freely engaged in embezzlement and various thefts. Great values went to the left. All this stuff was sold to China, Japan, Korea, the USA, Canada, and to a large extent was appropriated or sent to Moscow as a “share” to the authorities. Lyushkov arrested 40 security officers based on these facts, including such a famous one as T.P. Deribas, frauds in the Dalstroy trust were exposed and its chief E.P. Berzin and 21 of his accomplices were arrested. Genrikh Samoilovich was engaged there not only in the fight against corruption, but also in the deportation of the Korean population to the Kolyma Territory and Kamchatka, which resulted in the death of many thousands of people. After 1934 His former integrity was completely gone, and he cared only about surviving.

Relations between Lyushkov and N.I. Ezhov in 1938. became even closer than before: Yezhov entrusted Lyushkov with an important mission: to establish contact with Japanese and American intelligence, and to find out how Japan and the USA would look at the possible rise to power of the NKVD and Yezhov personally. Lyushkov was supposed to control the behavior of the command of the Far Eastern Front and its commander, Marshal V.K. Blucher. At the decisive moment, G.S. Lyushkov had to take control of the situation in the Far East. Direct contact with him on behalf of Yezhov was maintained by M.P. Frinovsky. Contact with the Japanese did not give a definite result: they made their position dependent on Yezhov’s attitude to Japanese policy in China, and so on; Yezhov found it difficult to answer. As for the position of the United States, Lyushkov was already aware of it: the Americans were satisfied with Stalin. G.S. Lyushkov used the contacts he established with the Japanese and Americans on Yezhov’s instructions for personal purposes: he created for himself a “reserve airfield” in case of threat of arrest.

N.I. Ezhov protected Lyushkov from possible troubles. So, when the former People's Commissar of the NKVD of the ZSFSR D.I. Lordkipanidze, during interrogation by M.P. Frinovsky, called Lyushkov involved in the “counter-revolutionary organization of the right,” Yezhov got him to change his testimony, and did not inform Stalin about it. And when L.G. Mironov, G.E. Prokofieva, and N.M. Bystrykh gave testimony about his “anti-Soviet views,” Yezhov removed this testimony from the documents too. He expressed his political distrust of Lyushkov in April 1938. V.K. Blucher, but Stalin considered this a consequence of their personal conflict, and did not attach any significance to his words. But then Lyushkov’s situation became more complicated: I.M. Leplevsky and M.A. Kagan, people from Lyushkov’s inner circle, were arrested, he was removed from work and summoned to Moscow, and Stalin’s personal representative L.Z. Mekhlis went to Khabarovsk to check . Understanding what this meant, Genrikh Samoilovich decided not to wait for trouble, and on June 13, 1938. fled to the Japanese. He tried to smuggle his wife, who lived in Moscow, abroad, but they managed to arrest her.

G.F. Gorbach, who replaced Lyushkov, carried out a “purge” of all his proteges: thus Yezhov removed everyone who could give evidence incriminating him, especially about contacts with Japan and the United States.

Lyushkov’s flight became one of the main reasons for Yezhov’s removal from office: upon learning of the flight, Nikolai Ivanovich burst into tears and declared: “Now I’m lost.”

In Japan, G.S. Lyushkov gave extensive testimony, including publication in the press, about the “methods” of the NKVD, about torture, deportations and mass extrajudicial executions, gave many examples of falsified political trials, published a number of things he took with him documents. He did not hide his participation in terrorism, recognizing his activities as criminal. Lyushkov characterized communism as an anti-human ideology, and called the Bolshevik regime criminal.

He worked in Tokyo, Dairen, and collaborated with Japanese military intelligence and the General Staff. He warned the Japanese against attacking the USSR - both in 1939 and in 1941, warning them about the significant superiority of the Red Army forces over the Japanese army and that a Japanese attack on the USSR would only benefit Stalin. G.S. Lyushkov also suggested that the Japanese conclude an acceptable peace with China, warning them that a war with China would only benefit the USSR and the Chinese communists, for whom such a war is the only chance to come to power. He categorically did not advise entering into a war with the United States.

In 1939 Lyushkov was sentenced to death in absentia in the USSR.

After Japan entered the war with the United States, it became clear to Lyushkov that the loss of the Japanese was inevitable sooner or later, so he tried to restore contact with the Americans. More precisely, he began to wait for them to find him themselves, which happened in 1943.

For a long time, “information” circulated in Soviet and Russian historiography that Lyushkov, allegedly, in 1945. was “executed by the Japanese,” “shot himself,” and was “destroyed by Soviet saboteurs.” Lyushkov himself considered himself a traitor not to the Motherland, but to the Bolshevik regime. But in the early 2000s, some American documents from that era were declassified. It follows from them that in August 1945. G.S. Lyushkov, in the context of the collapse of Japan, fled and took refuge in one of the safe houses of American intelligence, and in October of the same year he was brought to the United States. He lived according to new documents - in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and was a consultant to the CIA and the State Department on problems of the Far East and Soviet foreign policy. Author of several “closed” monographs on the history of Soviet intelligence. In 1960 retired and led a quiet lifestyle. By that time he was a very wealthy man. He avoided communicating with the public for security reasons. The last few years of his life he was seriously ill. Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov died in 1968.

The future prominent figure of the NKVD was born in 1900 in Odessa. His father, a small tailor Samuil Lyushkov, was able to earn money for his sons’ education. However, they did not move into commerce, as dad wished, but into revolutionary struggle. First, the elder brother became a Bolshevik, and in 1917, under his influence, Heinrich also took up party work. The whirlwind of revolution and civil war shook Lyushkov Jr. throughout Ukraine. He was a Red Guard, a minor employee of the Cheka, an Odessa underground worker, a cavalry soldier, a political worker... He ended the war as a commissar of a separate shock brigade of the 14th Army with the Order of the Red Banner on his chest, and in 1920 he settled in the Tiraspol Cheka.

Lyushkov found favor with the state security agencies and began a rapid career. On August 7, 1931, he was transferred to Moscow, to the central office of the OGPU-NKVD, and a few months later he ended up in Berlin, where he found out the military secrets of the Junkers aircraft manufacturing company. It is not very clear how he did this, since Lyushkov, like other foreign languages, did not know German, but the results of his secret business trip resulted in a detailed report that ended up on Stalin’s desk and, perhaps, was remembered by the leader. However, further up the career ladder Lyushkov moved not in the direction of industrial espionage, but in the direction of exposing the internal enemies of the Soviet regime. In 1933, Genrikh Samoilovich, as deputy head of the secret political department of the OGPU, fabricated the case of the “Russian National Party” (the so-called “Slavist case”) and personally interrogated those arrested. In December 1934, he was sent to Leningrad, where he took an active part in the investigation into the murder of Kirov.

Genrikh Yagoda

Lyushkov clearly enjoyed the favor of the all-powerful People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, Genrikh Yagoda. Since 1935, having received the title of State Security Commissioner of the third rank, he personally prepared the texts of reports and notes of the People's Commissar to the Central Committee. In the central apparatus of the GPU, Lyushkov was considered Yagoda’s right hand. The People's Commissar sent his protégé to "solve" such important cases as the "Kremlin" and the "Trotskyist-Zinoviev center" and entrusted him with preparing the open Moscow trial in August 1936.

In September, Yagoda was removed from the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, and in January 1937 he was arrested. In the central apparatus of the NKVD, the new People's Commissar Nikolai Yezhov carried out a grandiose purge. All of Yagoda’s more or less visible employees came under the knife. The only exception was Genrikh Lyushkov. He knew Yezhov from the investigation of Kirov’s murder, and then they clashed more than once because of Nikolai Ivanovich’s attempts to control the investigation. However, two years later, Yezhov, contrary to his rules, did not recall the old feuds. Lyushkov suddenly found himself in his favor. Yesterday’s colleagues of Genrikh Samoilovich testified against him, but the “Steel People’s Commissar” ordered the investigators to rewrite the protocols, removing all references to his favorite. At this time, Lyushkov received a new responsible post - head of the NKVD for the Azov-Black Sea region.

In the south, Lyushkov not only led the increasingly widespread repressions, but was also involved in strengthening the system of protecting the vacation spots of the leaders of the party and the Soviet state, including Stalin’s own dacha in Matsesta.

House-commune of NKVD workers

He coped with his duties very well. In the early summer of 1937, he was called to Moscow, awarded the Order of Lenin, and transferred to an even more important direction - the Far East. Before leaving, Lyushkov received a personal audience with Stalin himself. Lyushkov received three secret assignments from the leader: to monitor Marshal Blucher, to personally arrest the chief of aviation of the Far Eastern Army, Lapin, and the previous head of the NKVD for the Far East, Balitsky. Lyushkov had known the latter since the twenties from working together in Ukraine, but as he himself later recalled, “if I had shown any emotions or hesitations when receiving these assignments, I would not have left the Kremlin.” The full importance of his future work was explained to the new head of the NKVD department for the Far East - Japan was then considered potential enemy of the USSR No. 1, and the entire vast border area was teeming with hidden enemies of Soviet power. Inspired by the leader’s parting words, Lyushkov rushed off to his new duty station.

In the Far East it turned around. First of all, Lyushkov arrested forty local NKVD leaders. All of them, as if by choice, turned out to be active participants in the right-wing Trotskyist organization. The matter was not limited to internal security personnel issues. During Lyushkov’s leadership of the Far Eastern state security agencies, two hundred thousand people were arrested, seven thousand of whom were shot. Third-rank State Security Commissioner G.S. Lyushkov conceived, organized and brilliantly implemented one of the first resettlement of peoples in the USSR - all Koreans, who, unfortunately, were citizens of the Soviet Union were deported to Central Asia. Based on the results of such vigorous activity, Genrikh Samoilovich could count on another order, but with some sixth sense he sensed that the matter smelled of kerosene - a new cleansing of organs was approaching.

Nikolay Ezhov

Lyushkov decided not to wait for arrest and began preparing to escape. First he took care of his family. For his stepdaughter, who was often ill in the Far Eastern climate, he obtained permission in Moscow to undergo treatment in Poland, and sent his wife Nina Lyushkova-Pismennaya along with the girl across the country to the west. As it turned out, not in vain. On May 26, 1938, a telegram arrived from Yezhov: Lyushkov was being promoted to Moscow. Realizing that he was being called to the capital for arrest, the security officer cheerfully replied that he was happy to justify the trust of the party. At the beginning of June, he received a telegram from his wife with the words agreed upon in advance: “I am sending my kisses.” This meant that the family was safe.

On June 12, 1938, the head of the Far Eastern NKVD went with an inspection to the border zone. In the morning, he announced that he needed to personally meet with a particularly important Manchurian illegal agent, and, accompanied by the head of the outpost, he moved to the control strip. Leaving his fellow traveler in the forest, he ordered them to wait for about forty minutes and went to the other side. The border guard waited for two hours, then raised the outpost with his gun. Until the morning, the soldiers combed the surrounding area, but did not find the high commander.

On the morning of June 13, a man in a field uniform with three crimson diamonds on his buttonholes and orders on his chest came across a Manchurian border guard and, in broken Japanese, ordered him to be taken to headquarters. At first they were afraid of such a gift and timidly reported the guest to their superiors. A few days later Lyushkov was already in Tokyo. The escape was carefully hidden by both the Japanese and Soviet sides, but the USSR soon made the appropriate organizational conclusions. Lyushkov's betrayal was one of the reasons for the removal of his patron Yezhov and one of the main points of accusation against the steel people's commissar.

Tokyo, 1939

On June 24, information about the transfer of some important security officer to the Japanese appeared in a Riga newspaper. A few days later, this news, already with the mention of Lyushkov’s name, was picked up by the German press. The Japanese decided that there was no point in hiding the fugitive. On July 13, a press conference was held at the Sanno Hotel in Tokyo. There were more plainclothes guards than journalists - the Japanese were seriously afraid of an assassination attempt on the defector. First, Lyushkov spoke to foreign journalists, and then to Japanese ones. He showed his official ID and the certificates of a deputy of the Supreme Council, said that he was not an opponent of the USSR, but of Stalinism, and dwelt in detail on the scale of repression in the Soviet Union. In the offices of Japanese intelligence officers, Lyushkov was much more talkative. He described in detail the locations of Red Army units in the Far East, their numbers, and the system for deploying troops in the event of the outbreak of hostilities. The Japanese General Staff was unpleasantly surprised by the numerical superiority of the Soviet troops, who far outnumbered the Japanese not only in manpower, but also in the number of aircraft and tanks. The veracity of the defector’s words was confirmed during the clashes that soon occurred on Lake Khasan and Khalkhin Gol. In addition, the security officer handed over to the new owners all the Soviet agents he knew about, including the white general Semyonov, recruited by the NKVD.

The German Abwehr became seriously interested in Lyushkov’s information. Admiral Canaris sent his personal representative, Colonel Grayling, to Tokyo, who, based on the results of conversations with the former security officer, compiled a thick report. Moscow demanded that its resident in Japan, Richard Sorge, find out what exactly Lyushkov had blabbed to the Germans, but the all-powerful agent Ramsay was able to retake only a few pages of this report. However, even from them it was clear that Lyushkov was not hiding anything.

In exchange for all this information, Genrikh Samoilovich only asked to find his family. But a thorough search in Poland and the Baltic states did not yield any results. Later it turned out that the wife was in a hurry to send the agreed telegram and on June 15, 1938, she was arrested along with her daughter on the territory of the USSR. There is still information that Nina Pismennaya-Lyushkova was shot after severe torture, but in fact the authorities treated her strangely gently. On January 19, 1939, Lyushkova-Pismennaya N.V. was sentenced as a member of the family of a traitor to the motherland to 8 years in the camps. On February 15, 1940, a Special Meeting of the NKVD reviewed her case, decided to consider her to have served her sentence, and sent her into five-year exile. In 1962, Nina Pismennaya was completely rehabilitated and moved to Latvia, where she died in 1999. Her daughter Lyudmila did not perish, as was alleged, in a special orphanage, but was raised by relatives and died in Latvia in 2010.

Lyushkov could not know all this, he only understood that his family was missing. For this, he decided to take personal revenge on Stalin and invited the Japanese to organize an assassination attempt on him. While working in the south, Lyushkov personally developed a security system for Stalin’s dacha in Matsesta and planned to strike the leader there. A prepared group of white emigrants was transferred by the Japanese to the Soviet-Turkish border. A carefully developed plan for one of the very few real attempts on Stalin’s life failed at the last moment - among the saboteurs was an NKVD agent, about whom Lyushkov did not know. The border crossing failed. After this, Lyushkov completely stopped communicating with White emigrants in China, fearing numerous Soviet agents.

Surrender of the Kwantung Army, August 1945

Lyushkov was appointed senior consultant to the secret department of the Japanese General Staff, which was engaged in intelligence, propaganda and psychological warfare against the USSR. The former security officer regularly became acquainted with the Soviet press and compiled extensive but very practical reports, extracts from which were even published anonymously in the Japanese press. Lyushkov lived alone, did not walk much, and was only interested in work. His lifestyle did not change when he was transferred to the Kwantung Army headquarters during the war.

The measured work of the defector was disrupted in August 1945. Soon after the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, traces of Lyushkov were lost. According to the official version, on August 19, the head of the Dairen military mission, Yutaka Takeoka, suggested that Lyushkov shoot himself to avoid being captured by the Soviets, and after refusing, he shot the security officer himself. According to other evidence, the Japanese wanted to exchange the defector for the captured son of Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe, and when Lyushkov resisted, they simply strangled him. Both of these versions end with one thing: the cremation of the body of the former security officer. That is, no one saw Lyushkov’s corpse, and this raises questions: why would the Japanese, after the surrender, in a panicked flight, bother with cremating the body of some gaijin? There is indirect evidence that Lyushkov was seen in a crowd mad with fear at the Dairen station the day after his alleged death. Perhaps he managed to escape and live to old age somewhere in Australia, or maybe he was captured and shot - back in 1939 in the USSR he was sentenced to death in absentia. Be that as it may, after August 1945, the unsinkable Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov did not surface anywhere.

Russian empire
USSR USSR

Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov(, Odessa - August 19, Dairen, Empire of Japan) - a prominent figure in the Soviet intelligence services, state security commissioner of the 3rd rank. He was part of the special troikas of the NKVD of the USSR.

In 1938, fearing imminent arrest, he fled to Manchuria and actively collaborated with Japanese intelligence. Abroad, he covered in detail his participation in the Great Terror, exposed the methods of the NKVD, and prepared an assassination attempt on Stalin.

Biography [ | code ]

early years [ | code ]

Career in the Cheka/OGPU/NKVD[ | code ]

In December 1934, he participated in the investigation of the murder of S. M. Kirov. He tried to counteract the attempts of N. I. Ezhov and A. V. Kosarev to control the investigation (subsequently, having defected to the Japanese, he stated that Kirov’s killer L. V. Nikolaev was a mentally ill person, and not a member of the terrorist Zinoviev organization, which was “inferred” consequence). But the future People's Commissar of the NKVD Lyushkova did not remember the disagreements of that time; on the contrary, he kept him among his favorites. Lyushkov also enjoyed the favor of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs in 1934-1936 G. G. Yagoda: after returning from Leningrad, he prepared the most important orders for the NKVD and the most significant memos to the Party Central Committee (on behalf of Yagoda), using it to control the situation in the Secret Service. Political department.

In 1935-1936, he participated in such high-profile investigations as the “Kremlin case” and the case of the “Trotskyist-Zinoviev center” (which formed the basis of the Moscow trial). Upon completion of the latter, he was appointed head of the NKVD for the Azov-Black Sea region (until 1937). He led the deployment of great terror in the Black Sea region. He was part of the regional troika created by order of the NKVD of the USSR dated July 30, 1937 No. 00447 and actively participated in Stalin’s repressions.

At the beginning of June 1937 he was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Compromising evidence, recall to Moscow and escape[ | code ]

Lyushkov was the highest-ranking nominee of Yagoda, who retained his position for a long time after his disgrace. Moreover, the new all-powerful People's Commissar of the NKVD in every possible way defended his name from compromising evidence. Yagoda was sentenced to death at the Third Moscow Trial, and in 1937-1938, the security officers under investigation often mentioned the name of Lyushkov along with the name of the former People's Commissar. In particular, the former head of the NKVD of the ZSFSR D.I. Lordkipanidze reported about his membership in a counter-revolutionary organization, but Yezhov did not bring the information to Stalin, but demanded that Frinovsky interrogate Yagoda and prove Lyushkov’s non-involvement. The testimony of Yagoda's deputy G.E. Prokofiev was corrected with the exception of the fragment about Lyushkov. Frinovsky expressed doubt about the need to protect Lyushkov, but Yezhov convinced his deputy.

An experienced security officer, who knew the methods of the NKVD, understood what this meant, and, realizing the threat looming over him, decided to flee the country. According to currently available archival data, it can be stated with a certain degree of confidence that Lyushkov prepared his escape in advance. On May 28, he telegraphed that he thanked for the trust shown and considered the new job an honor, but 2 weeks before that, he ordered his wife to take their daughter and go to one of the clinics in Western Europe (documents confirming the need for treatment for his daughter, for this trip to were already ready by that time). Upon safe arrival, the wife was supposed to send Lyushkov a telegram containing the text “I am sending my kisses.” However, the development of Lyushkov began already then - his wife Nina Vasilyevna Pismennaya (the first wife of Yakov Volfovich Pismennaya, Major General of the NKVD of Ukraine and the most famous test pilot) was arrested on June 15, 1938. On January 19, 1939, she was sentenced as a member of the family of a traitor to the Motherland to 8 years in the camps. On February 15, 1940, a Special Meeting of the NKVD reviewed her case, decided to consider her to have served her sentence, and sent her into five-year exile. After rehabilitation in 1962, she found her daughter Lyudmila Yakovlevna Pismennaya (Lyushkov’s stepdaughter) in Jurmala (Latvia), where she lived her entire subsequent life and died at the age of 90 in the same place in 1999. Lyushkov's stepdaughter Lyudmila Pismennaya, after the arrest of her mother and the flight of her stepfather, was saved by her father's sister Anna Vladimirovna (Volfovna) Shulman (Pismennaya) and after the war she and her family moved to Latvia, where she lived until her death in 2010.

Soviet NKVD crossed the border with Japan. Biography. A more than successful career...

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Biography [ | code ]

early years [ | code ]

Career in the Cheka/OGPU/NKVD[ | code ]

Compromising evidence, recall to Moscow and escape[ | code ]