Biology testing. GIA online tests in biology

SPECIFICATION
control measuring materials
Unified State Exam 2017 in BIOLOGY

1. Purpose of KIM Unified State Exam

The Unified State Exam (hereinafter referred to as the Unified State Exam) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs of secondary general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measurement materials).

The Unified State Examination is conducted in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation.”

Control measuring materials make it possible to establish the level of mastery by graduates of the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education in biology, the basic and specialized level.

The results of the unified state exam in biology are recognized by educational organizations of secondary vocational education and educational organizations of higher education.
professional education as the results of entrance tests in biology.

2. Documents defining the content of the Unified State Exam KIM

3. Approaches to selecting content and developing the structure of the Unified State Exam KIM

The basis for the development of the Unified State Exam KIM is the invariant core of the content of biological education, which is reflected in the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education, various sample programs and textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of secondary general education in biology.
KIM Unified State Exam tests graduates’ mastery of knowledge and skills in the main sections of the biology course: “Plants”, “Bacteria. Mushrooms. Lichens”, “Animals”, “Man and his health”, “General biology”. This allows the test to cover the main content of the course and ensure the content validity of the CMM. The content of the KIM Unified State Exam does not go beyond the scope of the high school biology course and does not depend on what program and what textbook is taught in a particular educational organization.

The examination work is dominated by tasks in the “General Biology” section, since it integrates and generalizes the factual knowledge acquired in basic school, and examines general biological patterns that manifest themselves at different levels of the organization of living nature. These include: cellular, chromosomal, evolutionary theories; laws of heredity and variability; ecological patterns of biosphere development.

Assignments that control the degree of mastery of knowledge and skills cover the most significant issues in the content of the biology course and test the graduates’ level of scientific worldview and biological competence.

4. Structure of KIM Unified State Exam

Each version of the CMM examination paper contains 28 tasks and consists of two parts that differ in form and level of complexity. Part 1 contains 21 tasks:

7 - multiple choice with or without a picture;
6 - to establish correspondence with or without a picture;
3 - to establish the sequence of systematic taxa, biological objects, processes, phenomena;
2 - to solve biological problems in cytology and genetics;
1 - to supplement the missing information in the diagram;
1 - to supplement the missing information in the table;
1 - to analyze information presented in graphical or tabular form.

The answer to the tasks of Part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word (phrase), number or sequence of numbers written without spaces or separating characters.

Part 2 contains 7 tasks with detailed answers. In these tasks, the answer is formulated and written down by the examinee independently in detailed form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates with a high level of biological training.

In part 1, tasks 1-21 are grouped into content blocks presented in the codifier, which provides more accessible
perception of information. In part 2, tasks are grouped depending on the types of learning activities being tested and in accordance with thematic affiliation.

The biology exam is selective and only those who are confident in their knowledge will take it. The Unified State Exam in biology is considered a difficult subject, since it tests the knowledge accumulated over all years of study.

The Unified State Exam (USE) tasks in biology are of different types; solving them requires solid knowledge of the main topics of the school biology course. Based on this, teachers developed over 10 test tasks on each topic.

Topics that need to be studied when completing assignments, see from FIPI. Each task has its own algorithm of actions that will help in solving problems.

Changes in KIM Unified State Examination 2019 in biology:

• The model of the task in line 2 has been changed. Instead of a multiple choice task worth 2 points, a task on working with a table worth 1 point has been included.
• The maximum primary score decreased by 1 and amounted to 58 points.

Structure of Unified State Examination tasks in biology:

• Part 1– these are tasks from 1 to 21 with a short answer; approximately 5 minutes are allotted for completion.

Advice: Read the wording of the questions carefully.

• Part 2– these are tasks from 22 to 28 with a detailed answer; approximately 10-20 minutes are allotted for completion.

Advice: express your thoughts in a literary manner, answer the question in detail and comprehensively, define biological terms, even if this is not required in the assignments. The answer should have a plan, not write in continuous text, but highlight points.

What is required of the student in the exam?

• Ability to work with graphic information (diagrams, graphs, tables) - its analysis and use;
• Multiple choice;
• Establishing compliance;
• Sequencing.

Points for each USE biology task

In order to get the highest grade in biology, you need to score 58 primary points, which will be converted to one hundred on the scale.

• 1 point - for tasks 1, 2, 3, 6.
• 2 points - 4, 5, 7-22.
• 3 points - 23-28.

How to Prepare for Biology Tests

1. Repetition of the theory.
2. Proper allocation of time for each task.
3. Solving practical problems several times.
4. Check your knowledge level by solving tests online.

Register, study and get a high score!

In 2017, a new model of the KIM Unified State Examination in Biology was adopted, aimed at increasing the diversity of tested aspects of biological training of graduates.

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts. The tasks in the variant are presented in continuous numbering mode. The structure of the examination paper has been optimized:

1. The number of tasks in the examination paper has been reduced from 40 to 28.
2. In Part 1, new types of tasks are proposed, which differ significantly in the types of educational actions: to fill in the missing elements of a diagram or table, to find errors in a drawing, to analyze and synthesize information, to analyze graphs and tables with statistical data.
3. The maximum number of primary points has been slightly reduced: from 61 in 2016 to 59 in 2017.
4. The time to complete the job has been increased from 180 to 210 minutes.

In Part 2, the number and types of tasks with detailed answers remained unchanged - 7 tasks.

Particular emphasis is placed on the formation of methods of activity: mastering methodological skills; application of knowledge in explaining biological processes and phenomena, mastering the skills to solve biological problems. Testing the skills of working with biological information is carried out through its presentation in various ways (in the form of texts, drawings, diagrams, tables, graphs, diagrams).

In 2017, it is planned to exclude all tasks with a choice of one answer from the Unified State Examination in Biology. This is explained by the presence of the following significant shortcomings in them: the uniformity of the form of presentation of the content being tested, the inability to create tasks of a problematic or creative nature; lack of capacity to test students' practical skills; difficulty in identifying true gaps in mastering the content among Unified State Examination participants. A significant disadvantage of tasks with a choice of one answer is also the presence of an element of chance, guessing the correct answer.

As a comparative analysis of the Unified State Examination results over the past two years has shown, the reduction in the number of tasks in the examination paper with the choice of one correct answer from 36 to 25 did not lead to a noticeable decrease in Unified State Examination results. The share of USE participants in biology who did not score the minimum number of points remains approximately at the same level, within the limits of statistically acceptable errors.

Significant modernization in the form and structure of the CMM required adjusting the approaches to constructing the examination paper and including tasks of a new format.

In Part 1 of the new format exam paper, only short-answer tasks have been retained, but their number has been increased, and in some cases the form of their presentation has been significantly changed compared to previous years. It is known that tasks with a short answer allow not only to test a larger volume of content of an academic subject, but most importantly, to provide for the assessment of general academic and subject skills (comparison, generalization, classification, systematization, explanation, solving educational and practical problems, etc.), which corresponds to modern trends in the development of general education.

Along with the preservation of existing tasks, new biological tasks appeared, and the range of tasks with drawings expanded.

As an example of a modernized task, we give task 3 (here and below are tasks from the project of the CMM demonstration version).

This is a computational biological problem. The task was created on the basis of tasks with a choice of one answer that are traditional for the KIM Unified State Exam in biology. In the new edition, the Unified State Exam participant, based on knowledge of genetic information and the chromosomal set of somatic and germ cells, independently carries out all the necessary calculations.

As an example of a task for working with a drawing, we give task 4.

The peculiarity of this task model is that the person being certified is asked to derive two of its characteristic features from a “blind” image of an object (there are no captions for the picture). Moreover, one of the signs given in the task tests knowledge of the morphology of the object, while the second tests knowledge of properties or functions. Such tasks test, in addition to the ability to work with visual information, knowledge in the field of the cell and its vital functions.

Along with well-known or modernized types of tasks, the examination paper includes completely new tasks that test the mastery of the conceptual apparatus by filling in gaps in diagrams, tables, working with graphs, tables, histograms, etc. All of them are aimed at strengthening the activity basis and making the examination work more practice-oriented.

As an example of such tasks, task 1 can serve.

This task allows you to test not only knowledge of the conceptual apparatus of the biology course, but also the ability to establish the subordination and hierarchy of terms (concepts), as well as their internal logical connection.

Let's consider examples of tasks (task 21) for working with information presented in graphical or tabular form, a task for analyzing research results.

It seems that with the help of such tasks it is possible to ensure that graduates have developed the fundamentals of a holistic scientific picture of the world and the ability to analyze, evaluate and generalize scientific information.

The new model of the KIM Unified State Exam is consistent with the existing model of the Unified State Exam 9 in biology. Certain types of tasks, which in a modernized form will be included in the KIM in 2017, have successfully passed many years of testing during the certification of students in basic general education programs and are available in the open bank of OGE tasks. They can become the basis for preparing students for the Unified State Exam in biology in the coming academic year.

As an example of continuity, task 9 can serve.

In the OGE, with the help of such tasks, knowledge of the structure, life activity and significance of animal and plant organisms is tested. In the new model of the Unified State Exam KIM, bacteria and viruses will be added to these objects.

In general, in the exam model of the Unified State Exam 2017, the objects of control, as in previous years, are the knowledge and skills that form the invariant core of the content of the biology course in primary and secondary schools, its sections “Plants”, “Bacteria, fungi, lichens”, “Animals” ", "Man and his health", "General biology". These sections are presented in the Codifier in the form of seven content blocks and requirements for the level of training of graduates of educational organizations for the 2017 unified state exam in biology.

The Unified State Exam in biology is taken at the choice of a student who plans to enter a higher education institution with a certain specialization. In terms of popularity, this subject ranks 5th-6th every yearplaces, about 18% of schoolchildren pass it. Which universities require biology? This subject is taken in educational institutions in the following areas: medicine, biology, pedagogy with the specialty “Biology teacher”, agriculture, veterinary medicine, physical education, psychology, garden design, ecology, technical specialties where biology borders on physics. Professions: psychologist, ecologist, athlete, engineer, doctor.

The work consists of tasks that are conventionally divided into two parts. In 2018, there were 28 tasks: 21 - tests, you need to choose an option from the proposed ones, 7 - of increased complexity, you need to give a detailed answer.

The work is given 210 minutes - the student decides independently how to allocate time for answers.

The threshold score for admission to various universities depends on the requirements of a particular educational institution - this information must be clarified with the university.

• The first part contains tasks on knowledge of theory and the ability to use this knowledge. Types of tasks in the first part: multiple choice (can be accompanied by a picture), establishing a logical sequence, solving problems, adding data to a table, analyzing data.
• The second part aims to identify the characteristics and depth of knowledge of the subject. The purpose of such tasks is to test the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships, draw conclusions, use theory in practice, justify one’s position, and think logically. It is this part of the test that is key in the selection process of potential university students.

The first part is checked automatically using a computer. The second is analyzed by specialists.

How difficult is the biology exam?

• The main difficulty is the significant amount of information that needs to be repeated. The school course begins in grades 5-6, so when preparing you will have to “dig deep.”
• Difficulties are also associated with the structure of the exam. High-quality theoretical knowledge does not necessarily guarantee successful passing of the Unified State Exam - you need to learn how to perform certain types of tasks. You can learn this with the help of a professional tutor or by taking an online test. Every year, tasks of a new type are introduced into the structure - you need to be prepared for this.
• The most difficult topics are: photosynthesis, DNA, energy metabolism. It is better to contact a tutor for these sections and assignments on this topic.

How to effectively prepare for the exam?

• The main thing is to listen carefully in class and study textbooks. This will provide a solid basis for successfully passing the exam.
• Planning: systematic preparation requires a stable and thorough study of the material of the Unified State Examination program.
• Self-education: read reference books, on one's own.
• Take the online test.

The main advantage of online testing is the opportunity to develop the ability to solve tasks of different types and levels of complexity to the point of automaticity, and to correctly allocate time during the exam. It is recommended to prepare for the second part with a teacher or tutor.