Geological exploration technology where to work. Geological exploration technology" (GRT). "Russian Mineral Resources"

Description

Practicing geologists are trained in this specialty. The curriculum includes the study of the following disciplines: geology, hydrogeology, exploration geophysics, mathematical modeling, well drilling, geophysical exploration of wells, fundamentals of topography, mineral deposits, engineering graphics, fundamentals of production management. In addition to theoretical training, the curriculum includes seminars and practice on training grounds. By the end of the course, students should be able to:

• make measurements in the field using special equipment;
• conduct experimental and theoretical studies that can optimize and improve geological exploration technology;
• prepare technical documentation, reports and descriptions of research that can form the basis of research work;
• develop technical standards and production standards during geological exploration;
• develop and implement modern methods of geological exploration.

Who to work with

Graduates of the specialty “Geological Exploration Technology” are engaged in: searching for previously unknown mineral deposits based on data obtained from drilling exploration wells; development of existing deposits; geological study of deposits. Many qualified specialists work in the field, and their activities are expanding every year due to the development of new deposits of groundwater, carbon raw materials and other minerals. Young people who have graduated from the specialty can work as geologists, seismic surveyors, mining engineers, technicians or laboratory assistants in geological exploration , in mining companies or in specialized scientific institutes.

Lecture No. 17

Objectives, methods of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits

Plan:

I. Stages of search work.

1. Regional geological study.

2. Geological survey work.

3. Search work.

4. Search and evaluation work.

II. Stages of exploration work.

1. Preliminary reconnaissance.

2. Detailed reconnaissance.

3. operational reconnaissance.

4. Additional exploration.

Keywords: Survey, prospecting, exploration, regional, stage, scale, geophysical, research, assessment, elements of geological bodies, prospecting prerequisites, prospecting signs, criteria, predicted resources, reserve categories.

Geological structure of territories (region). Deposits are determined in the process of geological exploration. Geological survey and search are an integral part of these works, which, for the purpose of rational and economical conduct, are carried out in 8 stages.

1) Regional geological study

a) regional geological and geophysical studies on a scale of 1:1000000

b) regional - geophysical, geological surveying, hydrogeological and geotechnical work on a scale of 1:200000.

2) Geological survey work on a scale of 1:50000-1:25000

3) Search work

4) Search and assessment work

5)Preliminary reconnaissance

6) Detailed reconnaissance

7) Operational reconnaissance

8) Additional exploration

9) Operational reconnaissance

The last 4 stages concern exploration work. The main task of geological surveying of any scale is to compile a geological map that graphically displays the elements of geological bodies recorded on the earth's surface or a certain depth section. The latter may coincide with the base or roof of a stratigraphic horizon or the surface of some geological formation.

In the process of geological surveying and analysis of compiled geological maps, factors favorable for ore formation are identified, which are used as prospecting prerequisites. These include climatic, stratigraphic, geophysical, geochemical, geomorphological, magmatic and other indicators. All this indicates the possibility of discovering mineral deposits.

Search signs- these are local factors that directly or indirectly indicate the presence of minerals. Geological mapping at a scale of 1:50,000 is accompanied by a general search for minerals, which can be expected based on favorable geological conditions. The general objective of the search is the discovery and geological and economic assessment of mineral deposits.

Search methods are varied and must be used in combination, taking into account landscape and other conditions and types of minerals. The possibilities of their use are determined by the location of the search in relation to the earth's surface. They can be conducted from space, air, wells and the horizons of underground mine workings.

Ground methods are the most reliable, diverse and widespread in the practice of geological exploration. These include large-scale mapping, geochemical, geological-mineralogical, geophysical and mining-drilling methods.

Mining and drilling methods the most reliable of other search methods. They allow a geologist to determine, to a first approximation, the structural conditions for the localization of mineral bodies, their morphology, size and material composition, to trace the variability of these parameters, to assess predicted resources and calculate reserves in category C 2.

Search work are carried out in promising areas within known and potential ore fields, as well as basins of sedimentary minerals. Exploration work is carried out using a complex of the listed methods, based on the landscape and geological features of the location of the deposits, the type of minerals and its industrial and genetic type. As a result of the work, sections are compiled on a scale from 1:25000 to 1:5000, assessing the predicted mineral resources according to the P 2 category, and in well-studied areas - according to the P 2 category. Exploration and assessment work is carried out in areas that have received a positive assessment during general searches or prospecting work and at the request of discoverers. At this stage, the geologist determines the industrial type of the deposit, approximately its contour in plan - with extraction to depth, which makes it possible to calculate reserves of category C 2 and estimate the predicted resources of minerals according to category P 2.

As a result, the manifestation is either rejected, or technical and economic considerations are presented about the prospects of the identified deposit, allowing an informed decision to be made on the feasibility and timing of preliminary exploration

Mineral exploration. The purpose of exploration is to identify industrial mineral deposits, obtain proven reserves of mineral raw materials and other data necessary and sufficient for the rational and subsequent functioning of mining and processing enterprises.

This goal is met by common objectives at each stage of the country’s economic and social development.

Stages of exploration. Exploration work is more labor-intensive and costly than prospecting work. There are 3 stages of exploration: 1) preliminary; 2) detailed 3) operational and 4) additional exploration(after operational reconnaissance). Preliminary exploration is carried out after the prospecting and exploration stage and continues at a higher level to obtain reliable information that can provide a reliable geological, technological and economically sound assessment of the industrial significance of the deposit. At this stage, the geological structure of the deposit, its general dimensions and contours are clarified. Large-scale (up to 1:500) geological maps are compiled.

The main direction is field exploration to the depth of horizons accessible for development (by laying boreholes, geophysical research through underground mine workings, and selecting technological rocks for laboratory testing). The morphology of mineral bodies, their internal structure, conditions of occurrence and quality are determined. In addition, hydrogeological, engineering-geological, mining-geological and other natural conditions affecting the opening and development of the deposit are studied. Such knowledge should provide the possibility of calculating reserves in categories C1 and C2. Based on the results of preliminary exploration, temporary conditions are developed, and a technical and economic report is drawn up on the feasibility of industrial development of the deposit and detailed exploration of it.

Detailed reconnaissance carried out on deposits that have been positively assessed by preliminary exploration and are scheduled for industrial development in the next 5-10 years. It prepares deposits for transfer to industrial use in accordance with the requirements for the classification of deposit reserves and predicted resources of solid minerals. Based on the results of detailed exploration, a feasibility study of permanent conditions is drawn up. According to the approved standards, mineral reserves are calculated and submitted to the State Commission for Reserves under the Ministry of Geology of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Deposits with approved reserves in the required quantities are submitted for industrial development by the line ministry. Additional exploration of a developed field focuses on less studied areas: deep horizons, bodies or deposits. Operational intelligence begins from the moment of organization of mining and continues throughout the entire period of development of the deposit. In relation to mining operations, it can be advanced or accompanying. Here the contours of mineral bodies, their occurrence conditions, internal structure, qualitative characteristics and quantity of reserves, spatial location of industrial types and varieties, hydrogeological, mining-geological and other factors of deposit development are clarified.

Technical means of reconnaissance. These are ditches, trenches, clearings, pits (surface) and adits, crosscut shafts, drifts, cuttings (underground) and boreholes and geophysical exploration methods. The most informative are mine workings, passed across the strike of ore-bearing structures of bodies and deposits (ditches, pits) and other workings (trenches, drifts, etc.) passed along the strike and dip of ore bodies of deposits, which allows us to trace the variability of their morphology and qualitative composition in these directions. Mines for exploration purposes are rarely used; more often their purpose is combined with the selection of large volume technological samples for factory testing or trial operation. These are the so-called exploration and production mines. Drilling exploration wells are a universal technical means of exploration. Rotary drilling ensures that a core is obtained (an undisturbed column of rock inside the pipe). This type of drilling is called core drilling. What is the main type of exploratory drilling in ore deposits? Core drilling wells can be vertical, inclined and horizontal. The choice of a drilling unit and the design of a drilling rig depends mainly on the projected depth of exploration wells and conditions (300 m rigs, ZiF).

Intelligence system factors influencing their choice. The study of the geological properties of deposits at the exploration stages is carried out using a large volume of boreholes and mine workings.

1. Linear cutting. This is a set of individual interceptions of an ore body by wells and mine workings in one of 3 directions (thickness, strike, dip). The most informative is the direction of strike of the ore body, which coincides with its thickness. Obtaining exploration data in 3 directions allows us to assess the volumetric variability of the geological properties of deposits. Conduct graphic and volumetric modeling by constructing systems of transverse and longitudinal sections, horizontal plans and block diagrams.

2. Drilling systems group is universal, economical and provides complete information on deposits with significant mineral bodies.

3. Group of mountain systems. Here there are systems of ditches, pits, and exploration mines.

4. Group of mining and drilling systems characterized by use in various combinations of mine workings and boreholes.

Factors influencing the choice of exploration systems are divided into geological, mining-technological and geographical-economic: a) The main factor - geological - is the structural and morphological features of the deposit (shapes, sizes, structure); b) mining and technological factors determine the methods of opening and technology for developing a deposit, based on the mining, geological, hydrogeological conditions of the deposit; c) geographical and economic factors have the greatest influence on the choice of exploration systems in working or remote areas with harsh climatic conditions and weak development of productive forces.

Intelligence methods:

The main methods of exploration are:

1. Detailed geological mapping

2. Linear undercutting of mineral bodies by systems of boreholes and mine workings.

3. Geophysical research in mine workings and wells.

4. Geochemical and mineral studies.

Geological mapping is carried out on a topographic basis on a scale from 1:10000 to 1:500, while reference marks are applied to the geological map, exploration wells (using theodolite traverses and geometric leveling) marking horizons, contours of bodies, elements of technological disturbances, etc. are marked.

Linear cutting of bodies mineral exploration is carried out either by exploration systems of boreholes or by systems of mining exploration workings. Valuable for exploration is the geological information obtained in the process of excavation of exploration workings and drilling of wells.

Geophysical research in wells and mine workings are universal in terms of the range of tasks they can solve. They are used to correct geological heterogeneities. “Logging” is widely used, which is based on the influence of local natural and artificially induced physical fields inside wells on a special probe in the sensors of which signals are transmitted via cable to recording and processing ground-based devices. It is determined by spontaneous polarization, apparent resistivity, radioactivity of rocks in the well section (tack logging), vertical magnetic field changes, changes in thermal conditions (thermal logging), etc.

Geological studies are carried out with the aim of linking ore-bearing zones, assessing the ore content of deep horizons, etc. Mineralogical studies are aimed at solving the following problems:

1. Determination of the complete mineral composition of ores and near-ore spaces

2. Identification based on the characteristics of the mineral composition, textures and structures of ores of their natural types.

3. Study of mineralogical zoning in addition to geochemical zoning.

Control questions:

1. What are the tasks of geological surveying of a field?

2. Why is detailed exploration of the field carried out?

3. What is an ore body, an ore-bearing structure?

4. Transverse and longitudinal sections of deposits?

5. What does geological information provide when designing field developments?

Literatures:

1. Yakusheva A. F. “General Geology”. M. Nedra 1988.

2. Milnuchuk V.I. “General Geology”. M. Nedra 1989.

3. Ershov V.V. “Fundamentals of Geology.” M. Nedra 1986.

4. Ivanova M. F. “General Geology”. M. Nedra 1974.

5. Panyukov P. N. “Fundamentals of Geology.” M. M. Nedra 1978.

FEDERAL STATE

EDUCATIONAL STANDARD
HIGHER EDUCATION

SPECIALTY

Speciality

XXX Geological exploration technology

Qualification:

geophysicist, drilling engineer

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. This federal state educational standard of higher education (FSES VO, standard) is a set of requirements mandatory for the implementation of basic professional higher education - specialty programs (hereinafter - specialty programs) in the specialty XXX Geological exploration technology by educational organizations (institutions) of higher education (hereinafter - educational organizations).

II. ABBREVIATIONS USED

The following abbreviations are used in this standard:

III. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIALTY

TECHNOLOGY OF GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION

3.1. Higher education in specialty programs within a given specialty (including inclusive education for people with disabilities and people with limited health capabilities) can only be obtained in educational organizations. Receiving higher education in specialty programs within a given specialty in the form of self-education is not allowed.

3.2. Training in specialty programs in the specialty Geological Exploration Technology in educational organizations is carried out on a full-time basis. In full-time or part-time forms, training can be carried out provided that applicants work in organizations related to the mineral resource complex, or in educational organizations providing in this specialty.

3.3. The volume of the specialty program is 300 credit units (c.e.), regardless of the form of study, the educational technologies used, the implementation of the program by several organizations engaged in educational activities using a network force, the implementation of training according to an individual curriculum, including accelerated training.

3.4. The period for obtaining education under a specialty program in this specialty for full-time study, including vacations provided after passing the state final certification, regardless of the technologies used, is 5 years.

3.5. The period for obtaining education under a specialty program, implemented in full-time or part-time forms of study, regardless of the educational technologies used, must be increased by no less than 6 months and no more than 1 year (at the discretion of the educational organization) compared to the period of receipt full-time education.

3.6. The period for obtaining education under a specialty program when studying according to an individual curriculum for any form of education is established by the educational organization independently, but not more than the period for obtaining education established for the corresponding form of education. For disabled people and persons with limited health capabilities, the period of obtaining education according to individual curricula can be increased by no more than one year.

The volume of a specialty program for one academic year when studying according to an individual curriculum for any form of education cannot be more than 75 credits. e.

3.7. In educational organizations of federal government bodies that train personnel in the interests of defense and state security, ensuring law and order, the duration of training for specialty programs is 5 years. At the same time, the volume of the educational program does not change, and the labor intensity of one year of study for any form of study should be no more than 75 points. e.

3.8. Within the framework of this specialty, specialty programs can be implemented with different areas of training (hereinafter referred to as the specialization of the specialty program).

The educational organization selects specializations of specialty programs from the following list:

Geophysical methods of prospecting and exploration of deposits Geophysical exploration of wells Technology and equipment for exploration of mineral deposits Seismic exploration Geophysical information systems

3.9. When implementing specialty programs in this specialty, e-learning and distance learning technologies can be used. When training disabled people and persons with limited health capabilities, e-learning and distance educational technologies must provide for the possibility of receiving and transmitting information in forms accessible to them.

In this specialty, it is not allowed to implement specialty programs using exclusively e-learning and distance learning technologies.

3.10. When implementing specialty programs in a given specialty, a network form can be used.

IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF GRADUATES OF SPECIALTY PROGRAMS IN Geological Exploration Technology

4.1. The field of graduates of specialty programs includes: a set of technologies, means and methods of human activity in the field of science and technology, aimed at searching, exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits (MPD), to study natural and man-made processes in the bowels of the Earth.

The objects of professional activity of graduates of specialty programs are:

Rocks and geological bodies in the earth's crust, mine workings;

Physical fields in rocks as a source of measurement information for geological exploration, mathematical and physical models of layers, sections, mineral deposits in the process of exploration and development, geophysical computerized and software-controlled information-measuring and processing systems and complexes, theoretical and physical models for their design and operation (for geophysical specializations);

Physical fields in drilling tools, wells and other mine workings, a set of material means for drilling and rock destruction, mathematical models of drilling tools and drilling technologies in order to optimize drilling modes (for specialization technology and geological exploration techniques).

4.2. Types of professional activities for which graduates of specialty programs are prepared:

production and technological;

design;

scientific research;

organizational and managerial.

When developing and implementing specialty programs, an educational organization focuses on the specific type(s) of professional activity for which a specialist is preparing, based on the needs of the labor market, the research and material and technical resources of the educational organization.

4.3. A graduate of a specialty program, in accordance with the type(s) of professional activity to which his educational program is focused, is ready to solve the following professional tasks:

Production and technological activities:

develop methods and conduct theoretical and experimental research on the analysis, synthesis and optimization of geological exploration technologies;

develop and implement technological processes and modes of geological exploration;

carry out procedures for calibration and verification of measuring instruments, as well as their adjustment, adjustment and experimental testing in laboratory conditions and on sites;

perform measurements in the field;

develop development standards, technological standards for geological exploration work with an assessment of economic efficiency

Project activities:

analyze the state of scientific and technical problems, carry out justification for the study of problems of geological exploration technologies by selecting and studying literature and patent sources;

develop and carry out justification of projects for complexes of geological exploration technologies and methods for various geological and technical conditions;

prepare technical functional and structural diagrams of instruments and information-measuring systems for geological exploration, justifying the physical principles of the operation of devices, their structures, carrying out technical and economic calculations;

carry out an assessment of the manufacturability of geological exploration work when studying specific objects, develop technological processes;

draw up technical documentation, including instructions for work, equipment operation, test programs and technical specifications.

Research activities:

construct mathematical models of research objects, analyze and optimize them, select a numerical modeling method, select a ready-made or develop a new algorithm for solving a problem;

develop individual programs and their blocks, debug and configure programs for processing measurement information, including tasks of monitoring measurement results, to solve various problems of geological exploration;

perform mathematical (computer) modeling for the purpose of analyzing and optimizing object parameters based on available research and design tools, including standard computer-aided design and research packages;

About the specialty

Exploration technology and engineering specialists are engaged in drilling exploration wells and conducting geological exploration.
Wells are drilled in a variety of conditions - on land, from the surface of reservoirs and seas.
This is the most important fundamental way of obtaining reliable information about the geological structure of the earth’s crust, obtaining samples of rocks and minerals located at great depths
In geological exploration organizations, specialists in technology and exploration equipment carry out general management of production, technological services, are involved in the introduction of new drilling and mining equipment, and the development of fundamentally new equipment and technology.
The department of “Technologies and Equipment for Exploration of Mineral Deposits” trains specialists, the training period is 5 years, awarded
Only a competent and erudite specialist can create new equipment, technology and manage the specified production work, so students study a wide range of disciplines: general political and economic, general scientific and general engineering, geological exploration and special ones, which determine the profile of a specialist in geological exploration. There are about 50 disciplines in total, half of which are technical and a quarter are geological in nature.
Students who study well and excellently are given the opportunity to study in another specialty in parallel with their main studies. Most often, students choose economic specialties that complement the main one.
Specialty 130 203 is also available at the university’s correspondence faculty.
Engineers with a specialty in Geological Exploration Technology are the most sought-after and highly paid profession in geological exploration.
The educational process is built on a combination of theoretical and practical training. Classes are held in specially equipped classrooms and laboratories (Drilling machines and mechanisms, drilling technology, flushing fluids and cement mixtures, automation of drilling processes). The laboratories are equipped with equipment, materials and tools used in the real drilling process, and are actively updated with modern technology.
In the summer, all students undergo practical training at various enterprises (Krasnoyarsk Drilling Company, Polyus-Zoloto, etc.) and at the newly created Siberian Federal University Drilling Center.
In the second year, students undergo special training and take an exam
exchange for the qualification of mechanical core drilling operator of the 3rd or 4th category, which gives them the right to undergo practical training in geological exploration enterprises as assistant drillers.
The increase in the volume of geological exploration work and the ongoing rapid construction in Russia create new prospects for graduates of the department. Already, many wells are being drilled in the country for various technical purposes (for water supply, for construction and survey work, for oil and gas exploration, etc.).
Currently, the demand for exploration technology engineers far exceeds the pace of training of young specialists.
Due to their versatile training, graduates of the specialty easily master related professions and manage departments and workshops of industrial enterprises and organizations, and graduates with organizational skills go to management bodies of various ranks.