Where and how to get a topographical survey of the site? How a topographical survey of a land plot is done. Topographical survey of a land plot for gasification What does a topographical survey of a plot look like?
One of the main engineering and geodetic services provided by the GeoGIS company to enterprises and individuals is topographic survey of a land plot. Many years of practice in this area, an accumulated bank of geodata on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region can serve as a guarantee that, for whatever purpose you need topographic surveys, the price offered by our company will be the best. Also, our company specializes in engineering-geodetic and engineering-ecological surveys.
When might a topographic survey of a plot of land be needed?
Among the main reasons that force our clients to order topographic survey of a land plot:
The need to draw up a boundary plan when resolving issues of land management of acquired and leased land.
Preparation for reconstruction of the building (reconstruction, expansion, connection to gas, water, electricity networks, central sewer).
Preparation of a package of documents for design and new capital construction (topographic survey of the territory of a land plot for the preparation of a geological basis, urban planning scheme).
Commissioning of an engineering structure after completion of construction work (executive topographic survey of the building).
Updating (updating) topographic and geodetic documentation with expired suitability for use for the design of buildings and structures.
How does a topographical survey of a site end?
The topographic survey of the land plot is completed by our specialists drawing up a terrain diagram (topoplan), which depicts:
Boundaries of the rented and adjacent lands.
Contours of buildings and other engineering structures.
Road transport network (railways and highways of all types; access roads connecting the survey site with the main highways).
Surface and underground engineering communications.
Natural landscape objects (forest, field, meadow, lake, river, stream, swamp, pond).
Various objects of artificial origin (triangulation points, cemeteries, landfills, landfills, quarries, etc.)
Landform of the area.
Important! The list of objects depicted on topographic plans can be adjusted, taking into account the purposes of topographic survey of the area. For example, we do not display the relief if a horizontal topographic survey of a plot of land is ordered (it is quite sufficient for land management operations and preparation of relevant documentation).
A topoplan is a technical drawing drawn up according to certain standards and rules. Each photographed object has a unique symbol. In addition to standardized symbols, we apply clarifying (attributive) information in digital and verbal form to the plans we draw up. Its goal is to clarify as much information as possible about the situation depicted.
Topographic survey of a land plot - price of service
How is topographical surveying of a piece of land carried out?
Any topographical survey - for a building permit or for other purposes - is carried out by us in compliance with the stages accepted in this area:
We work through the topographic and geodetic materials (maps, topoplans) available in our rich archive, covering the survey area;
we determine the presence and location of points of the planned and high-altitude geodetic networks to which topographic geodetic reference will be carried out;
we outline a research methodology and program;
We clarify the cost of topographic survey of the land plot;
we check and prepare measuring instruments and instruments.
conduct a reconnaissance inspection;
build a shooting rationale;
perform instrumental geodetic measurements.
checking the data collected in the field, identifying and correcting possible errors;
computer processing of collected topographic and geodetic information;
drawing up a topographic map of the photographed territory;
generating a technical report.
At the first stage we:
At the main field stage, our specialists:
The final – desk stage is necessary for:
Important! The topographic survey of a land plot carried out by our company also includes in the price all approvals of prepared materials (with organizations responsible for the operation of underground utilities; with regional authorities of architecture and urban planning).
The accuracy with which topographical surveying of the area is performed
The accuracy of topographic and geodetic schemes is determined by the scale at which surveyors carry out survey work. The more detailed the image the customer requires, the larger the scale should be. The most popular scale for filming work is 1:500 (1 cm 5 m). Plans of this scale, more than others, are convenient for developing project documentation for design and construction. The error of a high-quality image prepared by our specialists at this scale does not exceed five centimeters.
Where and how to order a topographic survey of a land plot?
Attention! Only specialized engineering and survey enterprises that have the appropriate license have the right to provide topographic survey services. Among licensed engineering and geodetic firms in Moscow, GeoGIS occupies one of the leading positions, and our regular customers have no doubt about the answer to the question: where to get a topographic survey of a land plot.
Such a set of works as topographic surveying is one of the most popular among geodetic surveys. Information about the position of all objects in a certain area of the terrain, the distances between them and the relief of this area has been in demand by people since, perhaps, the Stone Age, and has not lost any of its relevance in our time. In this article we will explain in detail the purpose of topographic survey and in what cases you will need it. Of course, if you have any questions, call the specialists and they will explain everything to you.
Why is topographic survey needed?
Basic Concepts
Before talking about purpose, it is worth taking a closer look at its main aspects.
So, the result of topographic survey is . This is a detailed image of a site on a reduced scale. It is in great demand in the modern land market and its preparation is included in the list of services of any geodetic company. The topographic plan reflects all objects located on the site (and under im- communications) in the system, indicating elevations and. Prepared in paper and electronic form.
Topographic surveys come in different scales. depends on the purpose of geodetic work. The smaller the scale, the larger the object of work and the less accurate and informative the plans. And vice versa - large-scale topoplans have high accuracy and a larger number of contours and objects are applied there, up to underground utilities and bushes. Accordingly, the larger the scale, the more expensive it will be to prepare a topoplan for an identical area.
In most cases, scales of 1:200-1:500 are used. They are most often needed for various construction works. Within its scale, a topographic survey of a land plot is carried out indicating permanent buildings, road networks, fences, underground utility outlets, lighting poles, green spaces, water bodies, etc.
There are a large number of topographic surveys, which are characterized by different techniques and accuracy. The use of each of them is dictated by the expediency of labor costs, the volume of work and the required accuracy.
Many owners or tenants of land plots ask the question, “Why do I need a topographic survey on my plot?” Or more specifically, “Do I need topographic survey for land surveying, or gas supply, for example?” The following are cases when you still need topographic survey.
Get a building permit
It is worth understanding that in Moscow and the Moscow region the procedure for obtaining a building permit is very different. A topographic plan will only be required in the Moscow region.
Not all construction requires a permit. Before you begin construction, you need to find out the permitted use established for your land plot. This is indicated, for example, in the certificate of ownership, or. If it says “for private household plots, individual housing construction or multi-unit housing construction” - since July 2016, permission for the construction of capital facilities is required. In other cases - for example, “dacha construction, gardening or vegetable gardening” - a permit will not be required.
There is no longer any hope that it will be possible to legalize capital construction through a “dacha amnesty” (only required). Even if the house has already been built, permission will have to be obtained “retroactively” and this will not always help. The cadastral chamber will not put a building on the cadastre without a building permit, which automatically transfers it to the category of “self-construction”. Do not underestimate the procedure for obtaining a building permit; after all, an unauthorized building cannot be sold, centralized communications connected to it, or registered there. Therefore, the building will not have official status and may be demolished by court decision. You will find comprehensive information on building permits.
Design capital construction facilities (CCS)
It's no secret that to start designing it is necessary to have data on the land plot on which construction will take place. The main source document is a topographic plan or geobase. Most often, but for large industrial facilities or facilities in sparsely populated areas, 1:1000 and 1:2000 can be used. If you connect the design of the OKS and obtaining a construction permit, then the order is as follows: first topographic survey, then design, then obtaining a permit. The design of the future building is applied to the topographic plan and is, as it were, “tied” to the boundaries of the land plot. When planning the construction of public transport systems, the passage of various communications is almost always immediately planned.
Bring up communications
If buildings on the site have already been built or you plan to install communications (gas, telephone, water supply, sewerage, etc.) from central networks along with the construction of the house, you again cannot do without a geological basis. Operating organizations (gas services, MOEK, water utility) will require a topographic plan with networks and other objects marked on it for the territory of the planned passage of communications from the tie-in to the entry point to the building. Topographic survey will also be needed when it is necessary to reconstruct communications on the site. Topographic survey for gasification of buildings is the most popular type of work today. Our specialists often prepare topographic plans for gas services, so they know exactly what to do and how to prepare it. It is the “gas workers” who often do not accept topographic plans from “third-party” organizations, preferring to send everyone to well-fed partners who do not hesitate to inflate prices.
Improve the land plot
Landscaping means not only planting bushes and paving paths. This is a whole range of works, which includes the preparation of a topoplan, design and implementation of the plan. Landscaping is lighting, sidewalks and driveways, green spaces, water features, decorative fences, changing the terrain and much more, which is designed to make the use of the land more convenient and practical. For this purpose, large-scale plans of a scale of 1:200-1:500 are used. They are often called. Their key feature is the indication of the location of all vegetation and an accurate reflection of the relief features. Landscape designers and design organizations use such plans. Even if you want to do a landscape project yourself, such a plan will help you avoid mistakes and inaccuracies. Even on a small plot of land, your imagination has room to roam, and a topographic plan will help with this.
Apply for an extension or buy municipal land
All these actions directly relate to design. Before allocating or selling a plot of land, a representative of a state or municipal body must have an idea of what is located on the property. This is why a layout diagram is required. In Moscow, there is no talk about topographical surveys there. But in the rest of Russia, as they say, some go to the forest, some go for firewood. And, although this is not provided for by law, the results of topographic surveys are often required to be applied to this diagram. That is, you can submit a scheme without it and insist that you are right, but if the administration believes that it is needed, it will not be possible to convince you. Topographic survey is necessary so as not to inadvertently allocate any driveway or pond as private property. After all, the cadastral map on which the location diagram is based does not always clearly reflect the realities of the area. As a result, we would like to advise you to ask the administration about the need for filming, so as not to waste time and extra money.
By the way, the future owner of the land would also benefit from a topographic plan, since there is a possibility that some communications will pass through the site. This may make subsequent construction on it difficult or impossible. It turns out that the results of topographic surveys can influence the decision to purchase land.
Inventory communication networks
This type of topographic survey is more in demand by legal entities, in particular by balance holders of power lines, water pipelines, cables, etc. In essence, this is either to clarify their number and location. According to the technical specifications, it is possible to indicate on the topoplan not only the communication itself with its height, but also adjacent objects with a given width from the axis.
Get a logging ticket
A felling ticket does not require a topographic plan as such. Because neither heights nor underground communications need to be indicated. Required. The tree-by-tree plan will indicate all ground objects (buildings, roads, etc.) and, accordingly, trees and shrubs. All trees planned for felling or pruning are also indicated there. All this is certified by the seal of the balance holder of the territory where logging work is planned.
Create a master development plan
The master plan is the basis for territorial planning of a settlement. This can be a plan for a city or village, or a garden partnership or dacha cooperative. To develop it, you need to contact specialized design organizations. But it will be based on topographic plans at a scale of 1:500. They will provide complete data about the required territory.
Calculate the volume of excavation work
To design the volume of excavation work or calculate the work already done, you need to turn to topographic survey. When designing, using a topoplan with elevations and a construction project, the planned volume of earthworks is calculated office-wise.
Often this volume increases due to inaccuracies in calculations or incorrect execution of work (for example, without a surveyor “eye”). There are cases when the developer deliberately inflates the volume of work for his own benefit. After all, even 100 cubic meters of soil is at least 10 dump trucks for which you need to pay. Therefore, sometimes it is necessary to check the amount of work done during the construction process. It can be done systematically. To do this, they use topographic survey data before construction and data obtained directly during excavation work. After processing and calculations, you can find out the amount of excavation work already done.
Finally
The whole point here is the obvious fact that for the correct design of any structure, data on the area on which it will be located is always important and necessary. Topographic survey, therefore, is a source of data for a competent project that will take into account the real state of affairs on the site and thereby make it possible to avoid many problems at the stage of both laying communications and construction, and putting the building into operation.
To summarize, we can say that the correct answer to the question “When is topographic surveying needed?” we can safely assume the answer is “Always.” Indeed, in any case, even if we are not talking about construction, the owner, at a minimum, will need to register the land plot. This often requires topography.
As for the parameters for carrying out these works, most often they use large-scale topographic surveys with a scale of 1:500 and a relief section of 0.5 m. But if any specific work is carried out on the site, in particular, if landscape design is needed, it would be useful will consult with our specialists before drawing up the terms of reference for topographic surveying.
Topographic survey is a set of geodetic works carried out on the ground in order to create a topographic plan of the area or map. When conducting geodesy of a land plot and further processing the results obtained, surveyors receive coordinates and heights of points that help draw an engineering topographic plan.
The plan shows the contours of buildings, underground and surface communications, roads, trees, fences, and in some cases, the terrain.
For general plans, vertical planning, landscape design, design for construction, vertical surveying (tacheometric) is carried out.
In Fig. 1 shows, as an example, a topographical plan of a land plot on a scale of 1:500. It shows buildings, fences, relief elevations, a gas pipe - everything that is actually located on this site. Wherein1 cm on the plan corresponds to 5 m on the ground.
Picture 1
The Engineering Geodesy company uses high-precision geodetic GPS equipment and modern total stations for its work.
Today, topographic surveys are performed electronically. This is worth paying attention to, since having only a paper version may require repeated work to obtain a digital analogue. Digital topographic survey makes it possible to carry out any design in electronic form, which is already the norm today. It is the basis for cadastral, geodetic and architectural work.
Why do you need a topographic survey of a site?
Before making a site plan, a topographic survey is carried out. This is an extremely important procedure. Moreover, it is required not only formally, during land cadastral registration, and not only for large construction companies. It is vitally necessary, for example, for the owner of any, even the smallest plot of land. After all, only accurate marking of the boundaries of your property and a plan for underground communications will ensure that you avoid conflict situations with neighbors or various public utilities in the future.
Topographic survey is carried out in the following cases:
- connection to the electrical network, gas pipeline, water supply and heating network, telephone cable, heating network, sewerage;
- when redeveloping the above communications;
- upon obtaining permission to build a house;
- purchasing a plot of land for ownership or lease;
And when performing activities such as:
- Design work for the reconstruction and construction of buildings;
- Linking the construction site to the area;
- Calculation of the volume of excavation work (for example, when digging pits);
- Landscape design;
Let's consider specific situations when topographic surveys are indispensable.
1. Topographic survey of a land plot for gasification and connection to main communications
Such a topographic survey displays the boundaries of your site, buildings and all existing communications located outside of it, to places of possible connection to a gas pipeline, water supply, electrical network, etc. Topographic survey is coordinated with operating organizations.
If it is possible to connect to the appropriate communications in your area, and you have already prepared all the necessary documents, the next step is to create a topographic plan of your site. Any designer will need it. It is the detailed topographic plan that is the basis for drawing up project documentation. Using it, the length of the electric cable or gas pipe is calculated, the route configuration is drawn up, and the cost of the work is determined.
2. Topographic survey of utilities
If the as-built survey of existing communications is not complete enough, a topographic survey of utilities is performed. At the same time, all materials related to the given territory are collected (topographic plans, executive and control surveys), all lines are found, external and underground communications are removed, including in pits and wells. After processing the results, the scheme is agreed upon with the operating services, route profiles and diagrams of all related structures are drawn up.
3. Obtaining a building permit.
Topographic survey of a land plot for an urban planning plan
Based on the topographic survey, an urban planning plan of the land plot (GPZU) is prepared, which displays above-ground and underground communications, red lines and sanitary protection zones. Red lines are the boundaries between the built-up area and the street. The facade of the new building should not protrude beyond the red line towards a driveway, street, square, alley, etc. Sanitary protection zones separate residential areas from industrial sites. They are determined for those enterprises that are sources of negative impact on the environment and human health. Based on the relative position of neighboring buildings and communications, designers place the future house in such a way as not to violate the rules of planning and territory development, while observing all the necessary distances to neighboring buildings.
Trying to bypass these important points can end in disaster. For example, an area may become flooded because the water does not recede. Or you will have to cut down old trees that slightly interfere with the location of the house.
Scheme of planning organization of a land plot (SPOZU)
This document displays capital construction objects and explication, that is, detailed explanations of the plan.
SPOZU is necessary to obtain a permit for the construction (reconstruction) of a capital construction project. It is provided along with an application for a building permit, in accordance with the requirements of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.
Figure 2
You will be required to have a topographic survey when registering your home and obtaining a certificate of ownership.
4. For landscaping or landscaping
There are no regulatory requirements for these topographic plans. The main condition is the visibility of all terrain elements. Topographic survey is carried out on a scale from 1:50 to 1:200. It depends on the terrain, area of the site and its congestion. A large scale makes it possible to display even individual trees, as well as parts of buildings, terrain, and communications. Designers and planners have their own requirements for the topographic plan, so first of all you should familiarize yourself with the technical specifications.
A detailed topographical plan of the area will help to properly arrange and landscape the area, design the location of lighting lanterns, fountains, flower beds, lawns, and paths. A detailed survey will show elevation differences of 10-20 cm, which is very useful for relief planning.
5. Cadastral survey of a land plot
Topographic survey will be required when surveying land plots, registering buildings and structures for cadastral registration, as well as to check the compliance of the location of a land plot with its cadastral boundaries.
Agree, disputes with neighbors are always unpleasant. However, in the absence of an accurate site plan, when its physical boundaries are not precisely defined, it may turn out that your home or other structure is located (partially or completely) on someone else's property. And then lengthy and expensive litigation cannot be avoided.
A topographic survey of a land plot for the cadastre will help determine accurate boundaries of the land plot and its area.
Where can I order a topographic survey of a site?
Of course, it is worth ordering a topographic survey of the land plot from us, at the Engineering Geodesy company. We carry out the work using the most modern optical-electronic equipment.
But high-precision equipment is not everything. We, surveyors, do the most important thing, and the complex instruments that are used are like a scalpel in the hands of an experienced surgeon.
We employ professional topographers and surveyors with extensive experience. Moreover, geodesy for each of us is not just a job, but a favorite activity.
To order geodesy of a site, contact us, Engineering Geodesy LLC, and you will receive useful, reliable materials in the optimal time frame.
We recommend combining several types of work. For example, topographical survey and location of points. This will allow you to save money.
Now you know where to order a topographic survey of a land plot.
You can find out the cost of topographic survey in the prices section.
Wanting to save money on collecting various documentation, the owner of a land plot hopes that he can do a topographic survey on his own, thereby reducing construction costs and saving his budget. In fact, there is no way to do this yourself with your own hands, without involving specialists. Why? Let's figure it out.
Why can’t you do a topographic survey yourself?
Topographic survey- type of geodetic work. It is performed using high-precision equipment. Further processing of the data obtained during the field stage is carried out using special software. All equipment must undergo routine inspections.
Do not expect that you only need to measure the area with a tape measure to obtain technical documentation. The law clearly regulates that only a specialist with education in this field, a license and SRO approval can perform topographic surveys. The final document is certified by the signature of the organization, and only in this case will it have legal force.
Attention!!! Any attempts to do a topographic survey with your own hands have no legal force. You may use it only for personal purposes, and not for obtaining other technical documentation that is based on it.
In what cases may topographic survey be needed?
Not all work carried out by the owner on the site requires topographic survey, but if situations exist, then it is impossible to do without a topographic plan. You need to order a topographic survey in the following cases:
- Obtaining permission to build a house. To complete it, you will need GPZU and SPOZU, and they are compiled on the basis of a topoplan.
- Obtaining permission to connect to communications. Large-scale detailed topoplans must indicate the location of above-ground and underground objects, as well as the location of houses and neighboring buildings, trees, bushes, relief changes, etc. This data is used as a basis when developing a project for connecting to utilities. It is also necessary to take into account topographic survey data if you are planning to re-equip existing utility networks or install autonomous communications (water supply, sewerage).
- Registration of the land plot with cadastral registration and further registration of ownership.
- Development of design documentation for the construction or reconstruction of capital construction projects. A detailed topographic plan is necessary for the correct division of the site. In the future, it will help to estimate the volume of necessary excavation and other work.
- Landscape design works. For landscape work, large-scale topoplans are the most popular, as they allow you to most accurately plan the location of design objects on the site. Of course, you don’t need a topographic plan to make a flowerbed near your house. However, if large-scale work is planned, including, for example, the arrangement of drainage and stormwater systems, irrigation systems, etc., topographic surveying is necessary.
Where can I order a topographic survey?
From the Geomer Group company you can order a topographic survey of the site in the scale you need. Our company’s specialists will perform the following types of topographic survey without any problems:
Topographic survey, or as it is often called geodetic topographic survey, is a complex of engineering and geodetic work aimed at studying the area and drawing up a topographic plan (map) on the required scale.
Our specialists have all the necessary licenses and permits for the facilities. We use modern licensed software and high-precision geodetic equipment, which undergoes all periodic inspections.
Why shouldn't you save money on topographic survey of the site?
It is not advisable to save on topographic survey of a land plot, because... a topoplan drawn up with errors and taken as a basis when developing project documentation can lead to the most dire consequences.
Cheap prices for topographic surveys- a serious reason to think about its quality! Market prices are lowered by unscrupulous companies or incompetent specialists who do not have licensed equipment, permits and software. By ordering topographic survey from such a company, you receive:
- Measurements made with outdated or untested equipment. The accuracy of such measurements cannot be predicted. You may be lucky, but how can you rely on luck in such serious matters?
- Data processed using unlicensed software. At first glance it seems that this is not a serious problem. In practice, the functionality of such programs is greatly reduced, resulting in inaccurate data processing.
- The result of a topographic survey that has no legal force, since the specialist does not have a license or SRO approval, and he does not have the right to engage in such work.
- Final result- drawing up a topographic map of the site again + redoing other design documentation that was made on the basis of an incorrectly compiled survey.