How does activity affect a person's life? How climate affects people: features, examples and interesting facts. The influence of the individual on society

We are a biological species, but as individuals we can only emerge as a result of cultural evolution. The influence of society on a person is a process in which each individual representative has a certain impact on overall development.

Stages of personality formation

The process of becoming an individual as a personality begins from the moment of birth, when the factor of heredity lays the foundation for formation. Other factors of influence of society on human development:

• natural environment, climatic features of the area of ​​residence;
• a set of social norms and cultural values ​​accepted in the group;
• a person’s assimilation of norms that provide influence on the socialization process;
• subjective experience that accumulates when leaving different situations.

The natural factor is the most important condition for the harmonious development of society. The influence of society on the development of personality lies not only in practical significance, but also has artistic, scientific, and moral significance.

The influence of society on the formation of personality begins literally from the moment of birth. The socialization process can be divided into several age categories:

• early up to 3 years;
• from 3 to 11 years;
• teenage, from 12 to 15 years;
• adolescence (up to 18 years).

The most important thing in ensuring the influence of society on the individual is the institution of the family, as well as children's groups. By the age of 18, a practically formed young personality has his own opinions.

The influence of social groups on human psychology and behavior can be both positive and negative. The concept of personality is manifested in the totality of social qualities acquired in life.

The influence of a group of society is aimed at eliminating the negative qualities of an individual, and the presence of feedback allows us to evaluate the correctness of the chosen vector of development.

The group contains people with different levels of knowledge, skills and abilities. By communicating with people of a higher level of development, you can quickly achieve your goal and become successful.

The influence of society on the individual through groups is the requirement to fulfill norms. Communication skills are developed here, and positive emotions from communication increase self-esteem and give confidence.

If group interests become higher than the interests of its individual members and act to the detriment of society, then the negative influence of the group is noted. When the opinion of the majority is imposed, gifted individuals are under psychological pressure.

As a result, such people either became conformists or succumbed to social ostracism, even to the point of expulsion. Sometimes a group can initiate character development in a negative direction, the acquisition of bad habits.

This influence of society can be illustrated by the well-known saying “whoever you mess with, you’ll gain from it.”

The influence of the individual on society

Society in the modern understanding is a complex macrosystem striving for a single standard of values, taking into account the heritage of different cultures and traditions. Not only is the influence of society on the individual noted, but also the reverse process. A person’s influence on society is determined by the degree of development of mental abilities and the ability to effectively interact with groups.

In relation to the environment, a person can act in different roles: consumer, creator or destroyer. The lowest level of responsibility is consumer responsibility, when an individual limits his interests to mercantile and petty needs.

A higher level of responsibility involves increasing the influence of a person’s position on others. The degree of influence of an individual on society is determined by the ability to act. A strong and purposeful individual can influence changes in the world by rallying a group of like-minded people around him.

When performing a certain function in society, a person’s activity for the benefit of the environment is encouraged. The power of a positive example is one of the main tools of individual influence on society.

Many works of fiction raised pressing social issues, and writers had a significant impact on the course of history. Turgenev’s stories “Notes of a Hunter,” where the images of peasants are described with sympathy and love, showed the immorality of serfdom, and in Russia the public rose up to fight for its abolition.

The arguments given by Sholokhov in the story “The Fate of Man” led to the adoption of a law on the rehabilitation of prisoners of war, who had previously been tried as traitors to their homeland.

Society and people cannot exist and develop without dependence on each other. A.M. Gorky in his work “The Old Woman Izergil” showed that a person cannot be happy if he places himself above society. By sacrificing his life, like Danko, he will remain in history as an example of courage.

The multifaceted process of becoming a person is possible only with constant work on oneself and as a result of the influence of various groups.

Have you ever thought about the question of how physical activity affects the brain, how to improve brain activity? An active lifestyle affects memory and brain performance. People who lead an active lifestyle have higher intellectual development. Why this happens, and what is the connection between sports and brain activity, we will understand in this article.

The effect of sport and physical activity on the brain

“Exercise affects the brain first and only then the body. They control mood, levels of energy and alertness, and overall feeling of well-being.”

Dr. John Rathay

1. During physical activity, blood flows to the brain, which carries nutrients and oxygen.
2. Moderate physical activity stimulates the functioning of nerve cells in the brain and also promotes faster development of neural processes.
   In the process of scientific research, it was discovered that sport promotes the development of dendrites not only in those areas of the brain that are responsible for motor activity, but also in the areas that are responsible for learning, thinking and memory. It is the growth and development of nerve cells and their endings that are responsible for human intellectual abilities.
3. Physical activity prolongs youth. There are scientific studies that confirm that regular physical activity promotes the synthesis of new stem cells, which renew and rejuvenate not only brain tissue, but the body as a whole. The same thing happens with nerve cells that are restored during physical activity.
4. With age, blood vessels lose their elasticity. And the first to suffer is the aorta, which supplies the brain with blood. As a result, the oxygen supply to the brain deteriorates, which leads to deterioration of mental abilities. According to research from the German Federal Association of Cardiology, people aged 55-75 who exercised performed better on cognitive tests than untrained people. Exercise keeps blood vessels healthy and elastic, which helps maintain brain function for many years.
5. Activating the growth and development of new neurons in the hippocampus helps improve memory. The hippocampus is the area of ​​the brain that is responsible for memory. Therefore, people who lead an active lifestyle are easier to learn and remember new information. After all, during physical activity, the heart rate increases, which means more blood enters the brain. Research shows that cognitive ability levels increase by 15% immediately after training. The minimum training time required to improve brain function is 30 minutes three times a week.
6. Exercise improves the brain's ability to concentrate. Since while performing exercises, a person not only concentrates on a specific task, but also controls the technique of the exercise and counts the repetitions. Or when performing breathing exercises, concentrate on inhalation and exhalation.
7. Physical training teaches a person to set goals and achieve them. This directly helps a person deal with stress. After all, the cause of any stress is the fear that the number of problems that have piled up is so great that a person thinks that he will never cope with them. Research from the Colorado Health Institute has shown that people who lead an active lifestyle are more resilient to stress and less anxious.
8. Physical activity helps fight depression. This is due to the release of serotonin and dopamine during exercise. Additionally, exercise helps a person gain a sense of control over their life.
9. How does physical activity affect attention? Doctors often recommend that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder play sports. This is an alternative to drug treatment. The reason is that sport helps the brain develop functions such as consistency, the ability to prioritize, and endurance.
10. An interesting fact is that anaerobic training leads to an increase in the size of the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. They are responsible for memory and learning ability. Strength training does not have such an effect, since its effect is aimed at increasing the heart rate and concentrating attention on a specific exercise.
11. A study by Lorenza Colzato and Justine Pannekok, “The Effects of Exercise on Divergent Thinking,” showed that a person experiences a creative boost immediately after exercise. And this effect lasts for several more hours. It has been proven that physically active people come up with more interesting ideas at work or school than those who are sedentary. This effect is explained by the fact that training promotes the production of serotonin, which is called the “happiness hormone.” It is a brain neurotransmitter, a substance that transmits brain impulses between nerve cells. Serotonin becomes a hormone when it enters the blood. Physical activity promotes the production of serotonin, which is primarily responsible for self-confidence and a surge of strength.
12. Physical activity also affects your mood. People who exercise feel happier and emotionally stable. Their anxiety decreases and depression goes away. This is explained by the fact that in addition to serotonin, physical activity promotes more active production of dopamine - this is a substance that is responsible for the psycho-emotional state. Dopamine supports brain and heart function, controls weight, increases performance, and improves mood. Regular exercise is the key to maintaining dopamine at normal levels.

Why do many professional athletes seem not very smart?

We have already figured out how to improve brain activity and how physical activity affects the brain. But why do many athletes fail to shine with their intellectual abilities? Firstly, it all depends on what a person does besides sports, whether he is interested in something else. If a person devotes his entire life only to sports and grueling training, then it is clear that he simply cannot prove himself in other areas. Secondly, professional athletes are often forced to experience incredible effort and stress. This negatively affects the nervous system. Grueling workouts do not benefit the body.

If you read the biographies of modern athletes, you will see that they are interesting, versatile personalities. Many of them achieved success outside of sports.

When we talk about how physical activity affects the brain, we are not talking about professional sports and heavy loads, but about an active lifestyle. It is enough to walk at least 30 minutes a day in the fresh air to strengthen blood vessels and enrich the brain with oxygen.

What physical activity is best for the brain?

1. Gymnastics helps improve blood circulation throughout the body and enhances brain nutrition.
2. Walks in the open air. If you are tired and cannot solve a problem, go out into the fresh air. Even a short walk leads to insight and new thoughts.
3. Swimming is one of the safest types of physical activity that has a beneficial effect on brain function. During swimming, not only all muscle groups work, but also breathing exercises are carried out, which enrich the brain with oxygen.
4. Breathing exercises do not require you to devote special time to it. It can be done at work, at home, without distraction from your main activities. It supplies the brain with oxygen and improves memory.
5. Yoga develops not only the flexibility of the body, but also the mind.
6. Dancing is a special sport. Classes bring pleasure, lift your spirits, develop coordination and aesthetics of movements.
7. Cycling is both a cardio exercise and an outdoor activity. Strengthens blood vessels, improves heart function.
8. Any team sports (football, volleyball, tennis, badminton) are very useful.

How to choose the right type of physical activity and what rules need to be followed so that physical activity brings maximum benefits to your body.

1. If you care about your intellect, then choose a sport that is not hazardous to injury.
2. Classes should be held in such a mode that you do not feel exhausted. You should feel slightly tired, which after rest is replaced by a surge of strength.
3. Don't indulge in frequent extreme sports. The adrenaline release causes brain activity, but it is aimed at survival. If you want to have a sound mind and a good memory until old age, it is better to engage in calm sports.
4. Regularity of exercise is very important. It is important to develop a habit. Sport should be constantly present in your life. Become a way of your life.
5. To develop a habit, you need to try different sports and choose the one that brings you the most pleasure. It is much easier to get used to something pleasant and not give up on it than to try to force yourself.

You must understand that any, even minimal physical activity affects your brain, your body and improves your health.

An active lifestyle is an important component of a person’s life. It promotes self-development, keeping the body toned and in excellent physical shape.

The impact of physical activity on the human brain is difficult to overestimate. Strengthening blood vessels, producing the happiness hormones serotonin and dopamine, strengthening the nervous system due to faster growth and restoration of nerve cells, enlarging the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex - just 30 minutes 3 times a week. Find time for yourself and maintain your health, youth and sanity for life

It cannot be denied that climate influences humans. Climate and human health, habits, and lifestyle are interconnected. The climatic conditions of a given area and weather changes directly or indirectly affect all aspects of people's lives. The influence of climate on people's activities, their well-being, culture, habits, and lifestyle is undeniable.

No matter how far scientific and technological progress has advanced, humanity remains a biological species dependent on the natural environment. Let us briefly consider the impact climate has on human health and economic activity.

Quick navigation through the article

Climate and people

Climatic conditions mean a complex of factors that are characteristic of a specific area or season. Here are the climate elements included:

• air temperature;
• humidity;
• Atmosphere pressure;
• number of sunny days per year;
• strength and direction of winds;
• amount and types of precipitation;
• length of daylight hours;
• frequency and severity of changes in weather conditions;
• air ionization.

The Chukotka region is one of those places in the world that seem to be created to test a person’s “strength.” The life philosophy of indigenous peoples was formed in this extreme climate. The way of life of people here is initially subordinated to the goal of survival.

A person depends on these and other indicators, acting individually or in combination. Although we are able to make our living environment more comfortable, it is impossible to eliminate the influence of climate on people’s activities and health.

Impact of climate on human health

Climate and human health are interconnected. Weather and climate conditions not only accompany us through life, but also intensely influence people’s well-being and can improve or worsen their health. We are affected by all climatic factors and their combinations. Below is an assessment of the influence of natural factors on the human body and shows how climate affects humans.

Low temperature is dangerous to health. It can cause hypothermia, frostbite, and lead to colds. Although a light frost in sunny and windless weather gives us positive emotions. Such a climate brings only benefits to humans.

Heat can have a negative effect on the body. A person suffers from heat stroke, increased sweating, and dehydration.

High and low temperatures are especially difficult to tolerate at high humidity. Prolonged exposure to high humidity conditions can cause rheumatism and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Climate change has a significant impact on human health. Even if the temperature and humidity are far from extreme, their sudden change is a serious stress for the body. A sudden change in humidity can cause shortness of breath, apathy and other symptoms. The influence of climate on human health is stronger with sudden changes in weather conditions.

The sun is the source of life, it contributes to the existence of living organisms on planet Earth. Sunlight brings great benefits to humans, helping to increase immunity and improve health. But don't get too carried away with sunbathing. Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can cause heatstroke and skin burns.

The so-called magnetic storms cannot be felt by the senses, but they affect the general well-being of a person, especially if he is weather dependent.

During magnetic storms, a person begins to feel severe, causeless fatigue and headaches:

Excessive wind speed, turning it into a hurricane, can cause catastrophic destruction, accompanied by loss of life. But not such a strong wind has an effect on the human body. The negative effect of low temperature increases significantly for a person in cold weather with strong winds. On the other hand, a light seaside breeze has a beneficial effect on us and allows us to better tolerate the heat on the summer beach.

Foehn winds blowing from mountain slopes into valleys negatively affect a person’s well-being, causing depressed mood and irritability. They are dangerous for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

If you are caught in a dust or sandstorm, it is advisable to cover your face to prevent small particles from entering your respiratory tract. This wind makes breathing difficult and irritates exposed skin.

Even a light, gentle breeze causes the expansion or contraction of blood vessels in open areas of the body surface.

With increased ionization of the air with positive ions, a person feels a loss of strength and quickly gets tired. An excess of negative ions in the atmosphere has a beneficial effect on the body.

A decrease in atmospheric pressure causes a feeling of discomfort. High blood pressure up to a certain limit has a positive effect on the body.

An important factor is a person’s dependence on the climate to which he is accustomed. Climate change has a tremendous impact on health. If a person has lived in one climate zone, then when moving to another, a deterioration in well-being may occur. It was not for nothing that they said: “What makes a Russian happy, means death for a German.” And the point here is not in nationality, but in the familiar environment. The most favorable climate for a person is the one to which he is accustomed.

There are many regions in Russia, the influence of climate on the life activity of which is very different from each other. Residents of the Far North, when they first arrive in Crimea or the Krasnodar Territory, especially in the summer, will experience discomfort from high temperatures. For residents of the North Caucasus or Kuban who come to St. Petersburg, climate change has a significant impact on their health. They will suffer from lack of sunlight and high humidity.

Climate affects human health and economic activity not only directly, but also indirectly. For example, different regions have different nutritional conditions. In the Far North there cannot be the abundance of vegetables and fruits that is observed in the south of Russia, which leads to a lack of vitamins in the diet, and this affects health.

Impact of climate on agriculture

Agricultural activities are highly dependent on the weather. In the Far North they do not grow vegetables and fruits not because they do not want to, but because of unfavorable climatic conditions.

The influence of climate on the activities of farmers is of paramount importance. The availability of agroclimatic resources is a critical factor for sustainable agricultural development. These include:

1. the duration of the period when the temperature exceeds 10 degrees Celsius;
2. average annual temperature;
3. humidity;
4. thickness and stability of snow cover.

You should also pay attention to geography.

The Astrakhan climate is favorable for growing melons, as it has a large number of hot, sunny days. Here summer lasts 4.5 months (from early May to mid-September). There are also excellent conditions for grazing livestock.

The Astrakhan region is the historical birthplace of Russian watermelon:

The weather conditions of the South of Russia contribute not only to resort and recreational holidays, but also to the cultivation of various crops, including those with a long ripening period. Farming in rural areas here is accompanied by abundant watering. The food supply is sufficient for livestock raising.

The climatic conditions of the Center of the European part of Russia are favorable for the cultivation of frost-resistant plant varieties and the development of livestock farming.

The northern regions of Russia are characterized by harsh weather. Here the conditions for agricultural activity are limited. Livestock farming is more developed here, sometimes of a nomadic type. For example, due to poor vegetation cover, herds of deer are often driven from place to place.

The influence of climate on human life and economic activity in rural areas is decisive, therefore meteorological information is important.

The influence of climate on people's lives and activities

The influence of climate on human activity in the economic sphere is difficult to overestimate. Weather changes are monitored not only by agricultural workers. It is impossible to list which professions people study climate, because the dependence of human activity on climate is present in various fields.

Certain climatic conditions are necessary for construction workers, maritime, air and land transport workers, and representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations to carry out their activities. Knowledge of the weather forecast is important for logging, in the mining industry, for fishermen and hunters, the military and many others, since the influence of climate on the activities of representatives of these and other professions is great.

The economic activities of the Russian population are characterized by significant diversity. The influence of climate on the nature of occupations is a decisive factor in human life. The existence of many professions in Russia depends on the climate typical for a given area. They exist in one climate zone and are absent in others. For example, the profession of a reindeer herder is associated with the conditions of the Far North, and a lifeguard on the beach can most likely be seen in Sochi. You are unlikely to see him in Murmansk.

Climatic features affect all aspects of our lives. The influence of climate on everyday life, housing, and clothing is undeniable. Let's look at how climate affects human life using examples. Living in the tropics, we don't wear warm clothes, but in the harsh Arctic conditions we need them. In a cold climate, a bamboo hut is unlikely to be appropriate, but in the tropics it is just right. For reindeer herders of the Far North, a light, warm tent made of reindeer skins, which can be quickly rolled up and transported, is an ideal home, while in the Siberian taiga a chopped wooden hut would be more appropriate. All this shows how climate affects people's lifestyles.

The original owners of the Far North - the Chukchi, Eskimos, Evens - have carefully preserved their culture, original art, and traditions for centuries:

All this is reflected in the traditions, customs, and lifestyle of every person in the world. There is even an influence of climate on the character of people living in certain conditions. This is clearly visible in the example of European peoples. It has been noticed that Mediterranean residents are more emotional than the reserved Scandinavians. Thus, the role of climate in the life of peoples and their formation was decisive. Climate shapes the character of a person living in a given area.

We looked at how climate affects people's lives. But there is also a reverse process: human influence on the climate. Human economic activity causes warming and causes a softening of weather conditions. It has been noticed that in cities the temperature is slightly higher than outside the city. Warming occurs due to the following reasons:

• increase in the number of cars;
• deforestation;
• combustion of fuel at thermal stations;
• work of heavy industry enterprises.

The conclusion is simple: as a person treats the environment, so will it treat him.

Where is the most favorable climate?

The climate of Crimea is considered one of the most favorable. The warm sea, a large number of sunny days a year, and healing air attract thousands of vacationers here every year from all over Russia and other countries.

Crimea is an amazing place, as if specially created for relaxation:

It’s a sin to complain about the climate in Crimea. The mild maritime climate, the absence of cold winds, and the abundance of fruits create a comfortable environment. But this is not suitable for everyone. Local weather conditions contribute, for example, to the growth of a large number of plants, some of which are strong allergens. For the northern regions, people depend on a climate that is colder and less sunny, so the abundance of sun and hot weather of Crimea is an unusual phenomenon for them, and not every organism is able to easily adapt to this.

For example, for children under 2 years old it is better to spend their holidays in their own climate zone. It has been noticed that even older children get sick after a sea trip. This is not surprising, because at first their body adapts to the coastal environment. And as soon as the child gets used to the maritime climatic conditions, it’s time to go home, where he again has to acclimatize. Thus, the body receives a double blow, to which it immediately reacts with illness.

But in general, it was not for nothing that famous and influential people moved to Crimea for permanent or temporary residence. They understood how climate affects people's lives. During the Russian Empire, the summer residence of the Romanov royal dynasty was here, Chekhov and Aivazovsky lived here. In Soviet times, dachas of state leaders and cultural figures were built on the Crimean coast. After the decline of the Soviet Union, Crimea was chosen by bohemians and oligarchs.

Each person is individual, so the most favorable climatic conditions are different for everyone. The main thing is that the influence of climate on human life is beneficial.

Climate is, in simple terms, a long-term stable weather pattern. And it influences almost everything. On the soil, water regime, flora and fauna, the ability to cultivate crops. And of course, we can’t help but talk about how climate affects people and their capabilities.

Natural irritant

It is no secret that over the course of many years, in the process of evolution, people have gradually adapted to influences coming from the external environment. And the human body has developed various regulatory mechanisms directly related to these influences. Today people can live and develop normally only through interaction with the external environment. It is important for humans to consume oxygen, be exposed to sunlight, and absorb essential substances.

How does climate affect people? The impact is actually of a complex physical and chemical nature. Absolutely everything matters - radiant energy, pressure, temperature, humidity, magnetic and electric fields, air movement and even substances released into the air by plants. With such a diverse impact, almost all levels of functional and structural organization are involved in the reaction - from cellular and molecular to the psycho-emotional sphere and peripheral nerve endings.

Examples

Now we can move on to situations that clearly show how climate affects people. As the experiments of bioclimatologists and the experience of each of us have shown, the human body is capable of functioning optimally only in a narrow temperature range.

During the hot season, especially between July and August, it is quite difficult to exist in the southern regions. Take, for example, Primorye. The climate of this region is moderate monsoon. Summers here are hot and humid. And in July/August the entire region becomes like a greenhouse.

Crimea can be considered a unique example. Despite its modest area (27,000 km²), its territory is divided into three climatic microregions and 20 subregions. In Sevastopol, the most visited city in the summer, subtropical weather conditions reign. Summer here is dry and hot. And every year is unpredictable. In 2016, for example, June was much muggier than July and August. Sometimes it can rain here for several days in a row, and sometimes the thermometer rises above 40 °C.

Analysis of examples

And how does climate affect people, if we look at the above? Not in the best way. Firstly, under such conditions it becomes more difficult to condition air into the lungs. With stuffiness, performance decreases, general condition and well-being worsen. At high humidity, evaporation from the surface of the body does not occur. In addition, under such conditions, the likelihood of contracting any infection transmitted by airborne droplets increases significantly, since stuffiness and humidity create a favorable environment for the development and survival of microbes.

Due to dry heat, the body is forced to change the level of heat generation. We begin to sweat, which causes our skin to become moisturized. This evaporation absorbs some of the unnecessary heat. But if it gets cold, then shivering and so-called goose bumps occur, which serve as some kind of heaters.

Another consequence of disturbed temperature conditions is circulatory disturbance and central nervous system overload. That is why an artificial climate is created in work areas due to air conditioning/heating. The norm is considered to be from +20 to +23 °C. And the humidity level should not be less than 50% and above 60%.

Statistics

Talking about how climate affects people's lives, it is worth turning to interesting data found by social hygienist Vladimir Ivanovich Chiburaev and Doctor of Medical Sciences Boris Aleksandrovich Revich. In one of their works, they provided statistics that clearly demonstrate the consequences of poor or worsened climatic conditions.

For example, up to 40,000 deaths per year occur due to air pollution by suspended solids. This factor provokes the emergence and development of diseases of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system. Due to microbial contamination of food and water, intestinal infections appear, which some people develop without treatment. About 1,100 people a year die from this cause. And due to natural hazards, about a thousand deaths occur every year.

All this relates to the topic of how climate affects people's lives. As you can see, neglected consequences can be very serious.

Cold

It was said above about the heat and stuffiness. But when discussing how climate affects human activity and life, it is important to mention the effects of cold.

If it is short-term, then breathing stops during intense inhalation, after which exhalation occurs, and it becomes more frequent. This can be observed during dousing, for example. But prolonged exposure to cold promotes heat production and ventilation. Accordingly, the release of carbon dioxide also increases. The body of people living in the north works somewhat differently. They get used to the cold from childhood and, accordingly, become hardened. For example, if a person from Khanty-Mansiysk, where the current temperature is -52 °C, ends up in Sochi or Crimea in July, for example, then out of habit it will be extremely difficult for him to endure the heat. Because he had never been where the air temperature of about +40 °C could well be considered normal.

The benefits of cold

But that’s not all that can be said about how climate affects people’s lifestyles. Under the influence of cold, the number of heart contractions and even the nature of the push also changes. This is beneficial, because arrhythmia disappears under such conditions. Cold also helps to increase muscle strength and tone. Even the composition of the blood changes. The number of red blood cells and leukocytes increases. And metabolism usually occurs without any disruptions. The movement of fluids under the influence of cold occurs normally, so no stagnation is observed.

Life

Such great figures as Montesquieu, Bodin and Aristotle wrote about how climate affects the way of life and everyday life of people. To this day, this topic is relevant.

In the North, for example, as a result of the climate, needs are born that do not exist in the South. A person has a need to protect himself from external adversities. Northerners spend most of their time indoors or at work. Southerners have no such problems. But they must obey the environment.

Maritime climate

It is also worth noting attention. Little has been said about how climate affects human life. Examples are numerous. But the maritime climate deserves special attention.

Potassium, for example, which is part of it, plays the role of an antiallergen. Bromine has a calming effect. Calcium helps strengthen the connective tissues of the human body. Iodine affects the rejuvenation of skin cells, and magnesium relieves swelling. The air becomes maximally saturated during a storm. By the way, the molecules in it are ionized. And this makes the air even more healing. After all, ions influence metabolism.

People and their impact

Speaking about everyday life, it is worth paying attention to the topic of how humans influence the climate. Examples exist. The most striking is the development of agricultural activities. At one point it reached such a level that questions arose about its unintended impact on the climate. What happened? Firstly, the plowing of gigantic tracts of land, which causes a huge amount of dust to rise into the atmosphere and moisture to be lost.

Secondly, the number of trees is sharply reduced. Forests are literally being destroyed, especially tropical ones. But they affect the reproduction of oxygen. The above photograph combines two photographs taken by NASA in different years. And they visually show how severe the consequences of deforestation are. The Earth has already ceased to be a “green planet”.

But that's not all that can be said about how people influence the climate. Give examples yourself, because they are all around us! Just remember the animal world. Many species are already extinct. And overgrazing of livestock is still relevant, due to which savannas and steppes are turning into deserts. The result is drying out of the soil. What can we say about the combustion of fossil organic fuels, which causes a huge emission of CH 4 and CO 2 into the atmosphere. Exposure to industrial waste completely changes its composition, increasing the content of aerosols and radiation-active gases.

The conclusion from here is sad. The earth is on the verge of an ecological disaster. And the people themselves brought her to her. Fortunately, we have now come to our senses and have begun to make attempts to restore the natural balance. However, time will tell how everything will turn out.

You know many examples of the positive and negative consequences of human activity in the biosphere. Currently, humanity is faced with global problems, the solution of which determines the existence of human society on Earth.

The food problem arose due to the rapid growth of the world's population. Every year the world's population increases by 2%, that is, about 150 people are born in the world every minute.

The world's population needs food. In this regard, the area of ​​agricultural land, and primarily arable land, is increasing. Plowed land in individual countries ranges from 1-4 to 30-70%. Currently, agricultural lands occupy 10-12% of the land area. The area of ​​agricultural land cannot be increased indefinitely, therefore the main role in solving the food problem belongs to the intensification of agriculture and more efficient use of agricultural land. An important role in solving this problem is given to the breeding of highly productive breeds and varieties.

The problem of depletion of natural resources. Consumption of natural resources is growing rapidly.

If in 1913, on average, each inhabitant of our planet accounted for 4.9 tons of various natural resources, in 1940 - 7.4 tons, in 1960 - 14.3 tons, then by 2000 their number reached 45 t per person.

Humanity uses 13% of river flow for its needs; about 100 billion tons of minerals are extracted from the earth’s bowels every year. Electricity production doubles approximately every 10 years.

As a result, the problem of a lack of mineral resources and an energy crisis arises due to the depletion of world oil and gas reserves.

To protect irreplaceable mineral resources, it is necessary to improve the methods of their extraction (25% of ferrous and non-ferrous ores, 50-60% of oil, 40% of coal remain in the earth’s strata with modern mining methods), to more fully extract from the ores all the elements contained in them, to use minerals only for their intended purpose. To solve the energy problem, wind, solar, and tidal energy should be used more widely.
As for renewable biological resources (plants, animals), their extraction should be organized in such a way that the required number of individuals always remains in nature to restore the original population size.
Pollution of the environment with solid, liquid and gaseous substances leads to changes in its physical and chemical properties, which adversely affects organisms. There are physical (thermal, noise, light, electromagnetic, etc.), chemical and biological (introduction of uncharacteristic species into natural communities that worsen the living conditions of the inhabitants of this community) pollution.

To solve this problem, treatment facilities are being created, low-waste and non-waste technologies are being introduced, and bans are being established on the import and settlement of uncharacteristic species in communities.

The problem of preserving biodiversity, the gene pool of flora and fauna. The most important task facing humanity is the preservation of the entire diversity of organisms on Earth. All species are closely interrelated, so the destruction of one species leads to the disappearance of related species.

In order to preserve the diversity of plant and animal species, measures are taken to restore the numbers of individual species. For this purpose, rare and endangered species are listed in the Red Book, and hunting of animals or collection of wild plants is prohibited. An important role in the conservation of biodiversity belongs to nature reserves, nature reserves, national parks, botanical gardens, and zoos, where the biological characteristics of organisms are studied and their numbers are restored.

The conservation of biodiversity is facilitated by the restoration of natural communities in areas where they have disappeared due to human fault. Thus, forest plantations are being carried out on the site of former forests, pastures are being restored, and sand is being consolidated in deserts by planting plants.

Desertification of lands occurs under the influence of human activities. One of the causes of desertification is excessive grazing. For example, during grazing, sheep destroy all the vegetation that anchored the sand with its roots. As a result, under the influence of the wind, they begin to move, increasing the area of ​​the desert, filling up fertile lands. To consolidate the sand, it is necessary to carry out work to restore the vegetation cover.

The diversity of living organisms is the basis for the existence of the biosphere, therefore, by preserving all modern species of organisms, humans provide conditions suitable for human society to live on Earth. In recent decades, there has been an active search for optimal ways to conduct economic activities in order to cause minimal damage to nature. Let us consider some aspects of the problem of organizing human economic activity taking into account environmental laws.

Man, like any biological being, depends on the state of his environment. Year after year, the impact of human activities on the environment is constantly increasing and causing its changes. Humanity faces an important problem - ensuring the sustainability of the environment.

One way to solve this problem is the rational use of biological resources. Biological resources are all living organisms: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria. Their peculiarity is that they are able to renew themselves during the process of reproduction.

Biological resources determine the stability of the entire biosphere as a human habitat and serve as a source of food products, raw materials, and medicinal substances. As a rule, these resources are used irrationally. To preserve them, it is necessary to take a number of measures: revise the principles of location and organization of production, establish monitoring - a service for monitoring the state of the environment; regulate population numbers in natural and artificial ecosystems; study the dynamics of population numbers, their biocenotic connections. The basis for solving these issues is the study of natural succession processes and their management.

It must be remembered that the disappearance of species is of an ecosystem nature.

Each extinct plant species takes with it at least five species of invertebrate animals, the existence of which is associated with this species.

The second way to solve the problem is related to the organization of agriculture based on knowledge of environmental patterns. It is necessary to organize crop rotations in agroecosystems in this way in order to create integral systems with the development of all trophic levels. This will eliminate the threat of mass reproduction of pests and reduce the need to use large doses of pesticides. It is advisable to grow not one crop, but several, in the fields, taking into account different environmental conditions. In such fields, a variety of crops can be harvested within one season.

To control weeds, a predominantly biological method should be used, based on the ability of cultivated plants to compete with weeds, outstripping their development in space and time.

Industry must also develop taking into account environmental laws. Already now, people are able to predict the consequences of technogenic transformations of the environment, solve the problem of waste disposal, and carry out biological wastewater treatment. When developing industry, it is important to take into account the patterns that exist in the biosphere. Substances extracted from nature for human needs must be returned to the biosphere in a form suitable for inclusion in the biological cycle, that is, industry must be integrated into the natural cycle of substances in the biosphere.

Thus, taking into account environmental patterns is one of the conditions for the survival, preservation and development of human society.

How helpful was this material?