Silent photo, but not silent memory. Russian language: Methodical guidelines for performing testing for students of absentee preparatory courses When people leave after them things remain

Thanksgiving readers

I have never been to Pushkinhorier, was not familiar with S.S. Gayichenko, and creativity A.S. Pushkin, I knew in the framework of the school program. Therefore, the book "Pushkinnie" S.S. Gayichenko has become a real discovery and revelation for me.

Here is this book in front of me. Sheet, looking for illustration, read poetic lines under them. How simple, clear, beautiful! Eyes running one quantity, the other, then smile, then sad, getting into unison with the experiences and feelings of the poet.

Only now I start to understand how interesting, thin and rich was his inner worldHow sincere and wise was he. And how modern is it!

Perfect. In front of me, the paintings of the Pushkin Reserve: Mikhailovskoye, his alleys, tracks, arbors, buildings, the decoration of the rooms. How many details, details of the distant past!

Reading, hear and bees swarm in lime trees, and "Serenads of frogs" in the Mikhailovsky ponds, feel the smell of "flax, flowers, apples in Pushkin rooms" and the Spirit of color disintegration in "fragrant skirds", I see Pushkin's monk on a horse, crying Nikita with a dying poet she has hands, feeling a good summer day and fingering February days, when Pushkin was not.

Immediately plunge into this world and I live in it. What a beautiful Russian language is written a book! I read and seem to be cleaned from that foul language and cynicism, which in our life is abused.

I break off the book and I hardly believe that the author of the book S.S. Heichenko was not contemporary A.S. Pushkin, so vividly, visually describes the life of the Russian poet, his experiences, life, environment.

What tenderness and love he tells about

A.S. Pushkin and the restoration of the museum. He dedicated all his life to this. Such a devotional attitude to the case causes respect and admiration. S.S. Heichenko managed to recreate the world in which he lived and worked the great Pushkin and gave it to us. Does the current generation of mind, skills, and most importantly, the desire to keep all this for descendants?

In the book I found such lines of S. Heichenko "When people leave, things remain after them. Things silently testify to the most ancient truth - that they are more durable people. " S. Gayichenko left us a legacy wonderful "things" - this is his books. They will not be silent if we take them from the shelves and read.

Not became the main keeper of Pushkinogory, but thanks to his works, the world of the Great Pushkin became closer and clearer to us.

Love Alekseevna Kuznetsova,

teacher Ketov Central School

Kurgan region

And I leave your heart ...

In front of me lies a large elegant book in a beautiful cover. Let's get this book with you with you. "And I leave your heart." What a heartfelt name! This book is a testimony of enormous love for Pushkin, and she is written by a non-indifferent, passionate man - Galina Nikolaevna Kyyanova. The author of the book has long been engaged in journalism, of which 12 years are only Pushkin and his environment. For many years she was familiar with S.S. Gayichenko - "Pushkin House" - this is exactly what she called one of the chapters, it was his bright memory that she devoted this book.

Most recently, I read the book S.S. Heichenko "At Lukomorya". I really liked it not only with my content, a special manner of the narration, but also the unusual personality of the author himself. Therefore, in the book of Kiyanova, I flew in the heart of the head about S.S. Heichenko.

Heichenko was an amazing person, he not only loved Pushkin immensely, he knew a lot about the poet and gladly shared his knowledge with all who showed sincere interest in Pushkin and Pushkin places. He spoke about himself by Pushkin words. He seemed to hear this appeal of the poet:

The estate of the peaceful invisible patron, I pray, my kind house, keep the village, the forest and the wild garden, and the modest family of my abode!

I heard and ... became the keeper of these holy places.

Unmatched sense of humor, his own special manner said attracted to S.S. Heichenko people.

"Sweet sounds", "Demolation of heartfelt", "the joy of immeasurable", "Wellness and" solemnity "," the essence of the deity "- the favorite expressions of Stepanovich seeds, the passionate keeper of the Russian language, the language of the genius Pushkin, about which he, Pushkin's" house ", He said no other than the "miracle,".

S.S. Heichenko loved wise words A.S. Pushkin: "We work and remember forever, that everything is fleeting in the light."

It was these words that were the motto of the whole of his life, given to the selfless service of Pushkin and Pushkin places, the dissemination of knowledge about Pushkin among Russians.

To get confidence of Stepanovich's seeds, Galina Nikolaevna had to work a lot, get the "Pushkin vaccination".

And this, in understanding Seeds Stepanovich, upbringing in a man of love for nature, to her harmony, to everything, with which Pushkin came into into contact, which was excited by his work.

The blessing of Pushkin's "house" helped and helps the author of the book - Kiyan Galina Nikolaevna - in creativity. It is from here that tenderness and love that all heads of the book are permeated.

The author has a special gift from the Pushkin Reserve - a piece of ate - Pushkin's peers who died from Hurricane on August 7, 1987. This is an invaluable gift that reminds that Pushkin himself sat under this fir himself and composed his immortal creations.

In one of the chapters of the book there is an extensive correspondence of GN Kiyanova with S.S. Heichenko. This correspondence made an indelible impression on me. The manner of Communication Geichenko with the author of the book and its assistant is especially remembered: "Dear tick - Belgorod bird, kind, affectionate, sweet!", "Dear Belgorod! Cute friendship! "," Your letters for me, like good chants and sounds sweet! "

I really want to reproduce some of the letters: "For all thanks, Mercy and thanks to God!

1. Thanks for the newspaper.

2. Thanks for the Catalog of Fotonell Vitaly Sovchain.

3. I will try to find a two-member "Friends Pushkin" for you.

I have a two-volume "Pushkin drawings", maybe, and you need him? Telegrafing quickly ... "

And what interesting and entertaining, fun and witty signatures under letters!

"Your old one is nicked Semen Geichenko." "Your grandfather Simonik SichicoFor", "Your former young guy is the old man Simeon."

From letters you can learn a lot about people who wrote them, about their passionateness of Pushkin.

I also remember me and I liked the head called the "Holy Brotherhood I am faithful" ..., dedicated to the Lyceum for A. S. Pushkin, his lyceum friends.

First edition Tsarskosiel lyceum He consisted of very talented people, many in the future became famous writers, musicians, goal defenders. The most close friends of Pushkin in a lyceum and after the lyceum were Pushchin, Delvig, Kühelbecker. They found a common language, helped each other in difficulties and troubles.

After the end of the lyceum, they all (the entire first issue!) Did not lose touch. Every year, October 19, they gathered together, recalled their youth, lyceum, favorite teachers. Pushkin read new poems to friends. It was communication for the soul. At these meetings, they are the younger, returning to youth.

Many great and talented people gave Russia XIX century. With many of them Pushkin was not only familiar, but also supported a good relationship. Among them were composer M. Glinka, Poets Delvig, Zhukovsky, Demborsta wives: M. Volkonskaya, A. Muravyova, just wonderful women who played an important role in his life - P.A. Osipova-Wulf, E.A. Karamzin.

After reading the book "And I leave you" ..., I learned a lot of new and interesting about Pushkin, about the lyceum life of the poet, about Pushkinsky places and the Pushkin "houses" - Semen Stepanovic Gamechenko.

I understood how necessary Pushkin and his work in our days, as it is close and expensive to many Russian people even after 200 years.

It is better to understand the book, to understand the time and experience the events help illustrations and photos.

The book itself is an explanation in love for Pushkin, she helps to understand the greatness of the poet, its importance for every Russian person, for all Russian culture.

Korostelev Irina,

class 10 student

Ketovskaya high School

Kurgan region

My discovery

Dear editors, hello.

You write to you a student of the Ketov high school of the Kurgan region of Chilly Marina. I study in the eighth grade.

Last year, we watched the film in the whole class in which Semen Stepanovich Geichenko told about Pushkinsky places, on the restoration of the destroyed shrine war. Of course, I would not quite understand what labor was worth S.S. Heichenko Restoration of the Pushkin Reserve, if the Russian language teacher and the literature of our school Mikhalev Nina Vasilyevna, for a period of one and a half decades, engaged in the study of life and creativity A.S. Pushkin with the guys on a mug, did not tell about it a wonderful person and how much trouble, love, mental energy had to invest in Pushkinnich.

And here is me the little Tomik "At Lukomorya", the author of his S.S. Heichenko. The work is I read in one breath. Alexander Sergeevich came to life, became closer, more expensive, clearer. I learned a lot from this book: about the ancestors of Pushkin and his friends, about the last path and funeral, about the attitude of the king and the people to the Great Poet, and most importantly - about Pushkin and Mikhailovsky. Surprisingly, I completely clearly presented Lukomorier between the rivers sin and great. Here it is, Lukomorier! Lines pop up in memory: "At Lukomorye Oak green ..." and oak, the very miracle oak at Lukomorya.

This year we studied the story A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". I read the chapter about Nikita Timofeevich Kozlov - yes it is Savelich! And here is the words of Sergey Lvovich (and in the story of Father Peter Greeneva): "I am ashamed to you, the old dog that you, despite my strict orders, nothing comes about my son ..."

I really liked the head of Pushkinskaya squirrel. As if the family who came, the family listened to the lines of the fairy tale: "Squirrel there is a manual" ...

I do not cease to admire the simple and clear language of each chapter. So could write a man who loving Alexander Sergeyevich and wishing to leave the descendants for the long century Pushkin, Lukomorye, oak ...

I read, I return to some chapters, reread.

It is a pity that there is no this book on sale, I would like to really have it in my library.

Marina Khlovz,

graduate student 8

Ketov high school

Kurgan region

When people leave, things remain after them. They silently testify to the most ancient truth - that things are more durable people. All of them carry a seal historical events and the events of personal life.

Reliable house, kid retain in it

Through years, the times of dashing,

Family album, the very first

In the knowledge of the history of Russia.

Nikolai Rubtsov.

Each photo is a piece of life, she can tell about many things. Perhaps that is why we are all experiencing special feelings when we take old pictures in your hands. They give the opportunity to touch the history of the family, by the time we heard only from the stories of the Pap and Mom, grandparents, and the desire always appears to understand how the people displayed on them are that they were worried. We are like a "thread" from the past.

The hero of this story is my great-grandfather Alexey Ivanovich Kharkov. He participated in the Great Patriotic War.

Despite the fact that I have never seen it, I did not talk to him, I can learn about what happened with him many years ago by photographs, military archives, award-winning.

Today, the presence of photographs in the house will not surprise anyone, and at the end of the XIX at the beginning of the 20th century it was a matter of professionals. The photo was compared with the "miracle."

Our family is lucky, we have old photos. At the yellowed picture, made in 1945, a young soldier is captured. On the reverse side is written: "For a long eternal memory Dear parents from Kovkina Alexei Ivanovich ". I look at his face: smart insightful eyes are handsome, young. Here he is only 22 years old. I am dressed in a military uniform. I look at this photograph and truly feel pride for my great-grandfather.

The inscriptions in photos often help to know the place, a year to whom she is sent, in a word - this is a whole historical document.

When I was very small, I did not understand the values \u200b\u200bof the pictures of pictures, I did not understand why the grandmother carefully takes them into his hands and breaks out for a long time. Only now I realized that this is the memory remaining from the great-grandfather, which should be preserved for grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

In our family archive, a certificate from the central archive of the Ministry of Defense is still stored Russian Federation. After reading these materials, I learned that my great-grandfather was called into the Red Army in June 1941 by the Omsk Military Commissariat. He was 18 years old. He served in the 227th Guards Rifle Shelf of the 79th Infantry Division. His military rank - Guard Sergeant. He passed the whole war, freed the countries of Europe, reached Berlin.

Thanks to the site "Memory of the People" I became aware of the exploits of the great-grandfather.

In the battles in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Ingulets River (the right-hand influx of Dnieper) on February 26, 1944, under a strong enemy machine gun, A. I. Khokyn provided an uninterrupted connection on this site, throughout the day eliminated 12 impulses on the line, thereby ensured a good connection in the division at the occurrence . For this feat, he was awarded the medal "for courage."

In the battles on April 30, 1945, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Zoo and Church in the city of Berlin, A. I. Khokin with a group of soldiers broke into the basement at home and the fire of his machine destroyed 5 and captured 6 enemy soldiers. For this feat, he was awarded the Order of the Glory of the 3rd degree.

In June 1945, according to archival reference, my great-grandfather was taken to Moscow, where June 24, 1945 participated in the Victory Parade. After the war, he served two years in Germany, in the city of Gera. Pictures of this time are also stored in our family album.

At the front of the great-grandfather several times was injured, contuge.

My grandmother at home is very carefully kept his awards. They were shown and told me - for which and when he was handed to him. Many medals have lost during the war.

Returning to the native edges, Alexey Ivanovich worked in the collective farm. He was a good carpenter. House for his family built himself.

It was necessary to restore the economy. We had to work where skillful hands were required. My great-grandfather worked as an electrician, and the evenings played the harmonica, was a merry and balalag.

Grandma told me a lot of interesting stories about your father, and now it seems to me that close, well acquaintances, although I never saw him. Let the photograph, but not silent the memory that transmits from generation to generation the history of our family. All children of my great-grandfather and great-grandmothers have long grown, they themselves became grandfathers and grandmothers, but we all keep the memory of them in their hearts and in these pictures.

I am proud that in our family there was a hero of war: a courageous, wise, humble and kind person, faithfully served by his homeland.

Anastasia Arkhipova, Sure School.

When people leave, things remain after them. Things silently testify to the most ancient truth - that they are more durable people. Wear things Pushkin, without the nature of Pushkin places it is difficult to understand his life and creativity to the end. This also knew the poet's contemporaries well, and the best of all - Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev, who wrote about Pushkin's house, about pine, lilac, Gulbit and many other things in Mikhailovsky. Today, Pushkin's things are in reserves and museums. Here they live a special, mysterious life, and the keepers read letters hidden in them.

... Pushkin loved canes and sticks. They were different. In the Poet's office, in his apartment-museum on the embankment of the washing river in Leningrad, there are three canes: a wooden with an elephant bone, the inscription "A. Pushkin, "she was depicted by an artist P. GE on his picture" Pushkin and Pushchin in Mikhailovsky ". The second wooden (reed) with a handle in which the bronze gilded button is done with the Mundir Petra Great. This button was donated by Peter his gadget Arapa Ibrahim Hannibal. As a cane fell to Pushkin, it is unknown. Maybe here in Petrovsky, he got her as a gift from his grandfather? The third cane of the walnut tree with a Natchadachnik from Amethyst.

It is necessary to think that, besides these canes, Pushkin had other sticks-canes. He portrayed one of them on his Mikhailovsky drawing. The other depicted on the portrait of Pushkin his contemporary artist P. Chernetsov in 1830.

There were Pushkin and two iron canes. One of them is located in the Mikhailovsky Poet Cabinet. It isged from round iron, with a T-shaped handle, with a tetrahed tip-edge. The cane entered Mikhailovskoe from the Pushkin House of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the eve of the solemn opening of the restored house-museum, in the 150-year anniversary of the birth of Pushkin. In the Funds of the Pushkin House, she was transferred to the Odessa Art Museum in 1938. This stick started myself Pushkin when he lived in Chisinau. It is told in our memoirs M. de Ribas and I. Liprandi.

Leaning from Chisinau in Odessa, Pushkin captured with him his iron staff. Pushkin loved to walk through the streets of the city, skiding his stick. This is told contemporaries of the poet - Odessans. Leaning to Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin left the cane to his friend A. Merzlyakov, she moved to the poet A. Podolinsky, then to the son of the Adjutant of Count M. Vorontsov - Yagnitsky, who, in turn, presented it with his friend I. Dontsov. In the 1880s, Donets presented it with Odessa I. Troynitsky.

In his book, the "past and present" People's Artist of the USSR A. Leonidov, who lived in the 1980s in Odessa, says that this stick N. Troynitsky sacrificed in the Odessa Museum history and antiquity. It took it in 1887. In 1899, the cane was exhibited at the Pushkin jubilee exhibition in Odessa among other Pushkin relics.

Remembering your Iron Chisinau-Odessa Staff, Pushkin wounded in Mikhailovsky new, also iron. It was a local blacksmith product. With Pushkin, good blacksmiths were here everywhere - on Voronich, in the Svyatogorsk Monastery, in Hannibalov in Petrovsky, and in Mikhailovsky itself, though he was half-visited, the forge was also. At the Pskovskaya Izstari Iron objects of rural consideration, such as horsepower horseshoe, lounge, ax, shovel, staff, poker, were manufactured at the place where their owner lived. They differed in features that were characteristic of the terrain.

Odessa Pushkin stick has dimensions: length 88.5 centimeters, pen 10.5 centimeters, weight 2 kilogram 400 grams (6 pounds).

What was Mikhailovsky Pushkin's staff? This is what the people mentioned in the folk stories published in pre-revolutionary press at different times.

Kuchera Pushkin's story Peter Parfenova: "He has an iron stick in his hands, nine pounds of weight, leaves in the field, sticks the stick to the top throws, catches it on the fly, like Tambour-major" (record 1859).

Another entry of the peasant from the village of Naiki, which next to Mikhailovsky: "It happened, Alexander Sergeevich goes, he will take his stick and rushes forward, it comes to her, raise and again will throw forward, continuing to throw it until home."

I did not forget to write about it in my denunciation of 1826 and the spy A. Boschnyak, when I described the rural life of Pushkin: "At the fair of the Svyatogorsk Assumption Monastery, Pushkin was in a shirt, spiderman with a pink ribbon, in a straw wide hat and with a iron palcot in his hand."

Remembers this rustic cane in his book and the first biographer Pushkin P. Annenkov: "Mikhailovsky staff came in handy Pushkin when he fell with a horse on ice and hurt himself, which P. Vyazemsky wrote on January 28, 1825. When the doctors examined Pushkina's health in Pskov, they found that the patient had in the lower limbs, especially on the right lower leg, the widespread expansion of the blood-growing lived, why the college secretary of Pushkin is difficult in motion in general, and the staff was declared for him the necessary thing. "

In 1826, Pushkin drew his self-portrait on the manuscript page of the novel "Eugene Onegin". He depicted himself in full height, with a stick in his right hand. This stick has a handle in the form of the letter "T", it is very similar to that iron cane, which is narrated in the stories of local peasants. It should be noted that Pushkin is usually painted only what he had and what he wanted to tell not only himself, but also to people. He was very accurate in his images.

Tradition retained us the story and the end of the Iron Pushkin's Iron Society. This is how it would have happened.

When Pushkin at the end of life (in 1835) "again visited his native places, he decided to visit his adolescence of his euptraction, Nikolaevna Wulf from Trigorsky, who released in 1831 to marry the Pskov landowner Baron B. Vyrevsky and lived in his estate Golubovo, Not far from Mikhailovsky.

Here he spent several days. Leaving a welcoming house, Pushkin threw his cherished staff to a Golubovsky pond in memory of a date, separation, like an oath to visit this place again ...

We tried to find this cane shortly after the war, we went there with a descendant of Vrevsky, but, alas, a pond is almost completely stalled and zaros, and our search did not led to anything ...

In February 1937, on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the death of the Great Poet, a solemn memorable meeting was held in Pushkin Mountains. Residents of the surrounding villages, villages, teachers and students of local schools came to him. The oldest people of Pushkin Svyatogorye came and. The youngest of them were at least 70-75 years, and the old 100 and more. They were collected for them to have told about what they heard about Pushkin from their grandfathers when they were small guys. And the old people told about many things, how Pushkin loved to be blurted up Lin, as helped fishermen on Soroti network to the shore pull, as he climbed into the church bell tower and cheerfully hit the bell in the bell ...

And a certain elder Ivan Gavrilovich Gavrilov told about how Pushkin clawed into the forge and beat the spur with a big hammer on the anvil. And Ivan Pavlov, a resident of the village that Lake Beloguli, who had age had more than a hundred years old, said how "Many years ago came from Peter to Mikhailovsky scientists who were found in the Nianny House of the Costca and called all the local old people to identify this cane - , Whether she, and when they were assured, they took her to Peter. "

All this was printed on the pages of the Pushkin Kolkhoznik newspaper in the room of February 18, 1937. Are there any truth in these stories, how much truth is that it seems to us by the fruit of fantasy, this question will still have to solve researchers and keepers of Pushkin relics. Historic science claims that people's memories are not accidentally referred to as the expression of folk wisdom.

There are things and events that Parodes do not want to remember, but there are, on the contrary, the parties that the people latch keep in their memory and transmits from generation to generation, to eternity.

Such in the memory of the Paroda, Mikhailovsky Iron Pushkin, with whom he passed the wanderer in many villages and the villages of Pskovschina, former for him and the "life-giving birthplace", and the "country country".

After the death of the poet, almost all the things of Mikhailovsky scattered around the world, many of them died from the nearadeings of their pre-revolutionary keepers, many wanted fascists. The search for Pushkin Relics and Memorials continues. Only over the past two or three years we managed to find books from the famous libraries of Trigorsky and Petrovsky, a genuine drawing of the sister of the poet Olga Sergeyevna, very rare household items ...

Entering Pushkin, these things accepted a kind of new individual traits and served him with friends and fun and sad hours of being.

Here is the old-old grandfather "rooty" billiards, as all the most important in the house. This is he, Pushkin, found him in a carriage shed. Having learned that this thing is very old and as if she brought her to the estate still the famous great-grandfather Abram Petrovich Hannibal, he ordered billiards to re-amplify, to shave the cloth and put in the allest. Since then, billiards has become a satellite of the poet's life. This billiards saw I. Passover when he visited the Optic House in January 1825. "There was billiards in the ilce, it could serve him with entertainment," he stressed in his "memories." L. Wulf and Brother Poet Lev Sergeevich are told about billiards. Pushkin himself remembers in the famous fourth chapter of Evgenia Onegin, in which he portrayed his life in Mikhailovsky, when

One, submerged.
Stupid kihe armed
He is on billiards in two balls
Playing from the morning.
The evening is rustic:
Billiards left, cue forgotten ...

After the death of Pushkin, the billiards, which became quite old, was sent again to the barn, where his rats were drunk and he completely turned into a rhylad. The son of Pushkin Grigory Aleksandrovich, settled in the 60s in Mikhailovsky, was an avid billiardist, he started a new big billiards in his house, and the old ordered to send from Saraj to the nanny house, but soon the billiards was again sent to the barn, where he burned down Fire estate.

Restoring the House of Pushkin in 1911, the organizers in it did not try to restore the Pushkin Billiards, and made a new, ordinary, typical for provincial restaurants and visiting houses billiards. Journalist Harris in his note about Mikhailovsky, published in the magazine "Bayan" (No. 7-8 for 1914), so describes this item: in the house-museum an unsuccessful imitation of antiquity. In the billiard room - ugly cumbersome billiards covered with bright green stationery cloth. "

Restoring the poet's house and its real world, I thought a lot about Pushkin's billiards. What was it in form, sizes, finishing? I visited many commemorative places and museums where vintage billiards were preserved: in Moscow, Lomonosov, "studied and copied billiards at the Nachichoke Domice in the All-Union Museum of Pushkin in Leningrad. In the famous Figure of Pushkin made by him in Odessa in the spring of 1824, the part of the billiards is depicted, very similar to the Billiards of Nachichkin. It seemed to me that all this is not what you need for Mikhailovsky, and I continued my search. I judged like this: since the billiards could fit in the nanny house, it means that he was a small, collapsible. This is first. Secondly, Pushkin, and Pushchin, and all others who saw this billiards say that it was played in two balls and not simple, but stupid.

Billiards - an old game. In his "Lexicon of capital truths", Flaucher writes: "Billiards noble game. He is indispensable during life in the village ... "They were fond of the XVIII century in France, England, Italy, Germany, America. With Peter the first billiards appear in Russia.

The oldest billiards is French. He is without a badge, a small size, on it played two balls blunt, curved, with a bone tip Kiw, on the field it was a metal pin, which was called "Pass".

More new - these are big billiards with luses and direct kiim. They played five and fifteen balls (pyramid). Such billiards exist in our time in clubs and houses of culture.

It is clear that Pushkin had a billiard type French.

At my request, the former employee of the State Hermitage A. Vilm was found in the XVIII century engraving depicting such billiards.

Little left: draw up drawings, find the desired material - Karelian Birch, ancient Golden Bancon, cloth ... All this was found.

The firewall restorer-chamber of our museum P. Fedorov began recreating billiards, and soon he was ready.

Today, as in 1825, the Pushkin Billiards is again standing in the Alice of the Mikhailovsky House. Each part of the room, considering it, cannot but recall the wonderful lines from Evgeny Onegin.

"And cue and four balls, which yesterday lying in this room in a hill of the Red Tree, where are they now?" The reader will ask. We are responsible for this: these things are not a foot of the poet, and the son found by His Gregory Alexandrovich in the vicinity of Mikhailovsky, what he testifies in his letter to the editor of the St. Petersburg newspaper on the eve of the anniversary of 1899.

Now they are in the room next to the ollole (dining room), in which various family relics are focused on the poet family, collected by us in last years.

In the spring of 1826, Pushkin was looking forward to coming to the trigorsk poet Nikolai Mihajlovich Langua, which heard a lot from his comrade in the Derpt University Alexei Nikolayevich Wulfa - Son Praskovia Aleksandrovna Osinova. Finally, to the greatest joy of Pushkin, N. Languages \u200b\u200band A. Wulf came to the village. These were better days In the life of a reference poet. Languages \u200b\u200ball ruled in Trigorsky and Mikhailovsky - and the local nature, and the hosts of Trigorsky, and the young "Virgin of Trigorskiy Mountains", and especially Pushkin, which he fished. Nikolai Mikhailovich was also crazy about Arina Rodionovna. She attracted him with his mental attachment to the poet, maternal concern about Mr., his wonderful people, "captivating stories" about the old days, about the apparel. And turn, and the old woman became the roads of each of her Sasha; Arina Rodionovna was always cordially treated, trying to please in every way. About the "light clock" of Arina Rodionov and her "Holy Holy Chickens" recalls languages \u200b\u200bin two of their poems, dedicated to it. One of them was written in the life of a nanny.

Before leaving, Language from Mikhailovsky, Arina Rodionov, gave him a bowl for a good memory, which was specifically for the language ordered Rustic craftsman.

Having learned about the death of nannies, languages \u200b\u200bdevotes her memory another poem "On the death of Nanny A. S. Pushkin", which ends like this:

I'll find the cross smarmer
Under whom, between other people's coffins,
Your dust lay down
Labor and burden of the year.
Before him sad head
I'm licking: I remember a lot -
And the dream of a dream
My soul will be hurt!

Many years later. In 1938, shortly after the 100th anniversary of the death of A. S. Pushkin, the descendant of N. Langov - Anna Dmitrievna Languva handed out the manuscript and letters of the language and Pushkin, stored in the cherished box, the state literary museum in Moscow, and the casket showed to transfer after His death nanny house in Mikhailovsky.

Anna Dmitrievna died in the village of Murometsovo Vladimir region, where she was evacuated in 1944 from Novgorod, aged 96 years.

The testamentary disposal of her about the transfer of the casket Mikhailovsky was made by the close familiar Anna Dmitrievna, the teacher E. Piskunova, in 1951.

Once a small Sasha Pushkin wrote a poem joke on french And he gave her to his governer Frenchman Rodlo.

A few years later, Pushkin gave his father to his father. To the question of Sergei Lvovich, how to call Pesik, the mischievous answered: "Rodo! .."

This is a family legend, stored at the descendants of the sister of the poet Olga Sergeyevna Pavlishcheva.

In the family of PSA, it was not a bed to call, and Ruslan, in honor of the hero of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", which the whole surname of Pushkin was proud of.

The dog was kind, everyone loved his home and servants. Sergei Lvovich himself was crazy about him. Wherever he went, wherever he went, Ruslan was always with him. He was, apparently, from the Irish setters, whether the breed was clear, now nobody knows.

In Mikhailovsky, everyone always loved dogs. There was a big big dog here, or, as the people still say, "Sobar". Pushkin's triggers in their memories say that Alexander Sergeevich often came to them with his huge wolfhound dogs.

He loved dogs and sister of the poet Olga Sergeevna. In one of the letters to her, from the south, the poet wrote: "What are your favorite dogs? Did you forget the tragic death of Ommopals and Bizzaro? " (Her favorite dogs. - S. G.)

In a significant for Mikhailovsky, 1824, when the whole of Pushkin's family was here in full assembly, Sergey Lvovich ordered the artist K. Gamenna his portrait on which he was depicted in Reading. Road summer coat. At his feet, he asked the artist to portray his faithful friend Ruslan.

Today, this portrait hanging in the bedroom of Pushkin's parents in the Mikhailovsky House.

Years passed, and the old dog Fragrance. It happened in the summer of 1833 in Mikhailovsky. Here's what I wrote about this loss by Olga Sergeyevna her father: "How to portray you, my priceless Olga, comprehended by me grief? I lost a friend, and a friend of one, which hardly I find! Poor, poor MY RUSLAN! Does not go more on the ground, which, as they say in Latin, will be easy over it!

Yes, irreplaceable Ruslan! Although it was only an unrequited four-legged, but in my eyes it became much higher than many and many two-legs: my Ruslan did not steal, did not robbed, did not take a bribe, did not suit the bribes, did not suit the service, wovers and quarrel did not start. I buried him in the garden under the big birch, let him lies calmly.

I want to erect the mausoleum to this friend, I will be afraid: now my meaningless men - that's who real animals will write me into the pagans ... "

For the conceived mausoleum, he composed and epitaph (French and Russian):

Lies here my ruslan, my friend, my faithful dog!
Was honesty for all with a fixed example,
Lived only for me, with death
All feelings are kind: he was not a hypocrite,
Neither thief, drunkard, depraved identity to a walk:
And what is wisdom? Was only he dog!

Message This upset Olga Sergeyevna extremely. As an artist, she responded to the death of Ruslan with a watercolor pattern. The figure shows two dogs. On the right schematically shown the stop, and on it writing with the heading of the memory of Ruslan.

How Medlit Traders Attention
On the clashed clamps of the coffin "
So attract my friends
Hands familiar drawing!
After a lot, for many years it
Remind them of the same friend:
"It does not have more in your circle,
The heart is buried here. "

Under the picture on the left date: "VII 1833", on the right signature of the artist "O. Pouschkine.

This drawing was acquired by me in 1975 in Leningrad in the family of the F. Ovsyannikova. Now he is located in the poet's house next to the portrait, which shows Sergey Lvovich and his good friend Ruslan.

Arriving in August 1824 from Odessa in Mikhailovskoye Light, Pushkin in many ways needed. Ceremad, which at that time was a tender district, tightly insulated it from civilization. In his letters to friends and brother, SERGEEVICH SERGEEVICH SERGE IS CLEAR IS CLEAR TO SEVERED FROM PETERSBURG DIFFERENT ISSODS: paper is simple and postal, feathers, inkwell, books are different, Kalosh, cheese, mustard, smoke, etc.

He asks to send a match (letter to brother sent in early November 1824). What matches are we talking about?

As you know, the world's first matches (phosphoric) were invented in France in 1831. For the absence of funds, the inventor of their Charles Sorhin could not take a patent, and in two years his invention reopened German chemist Chamber, which in 1833 it was possible to draw up a chemical mass, easily flammable when frozen about the rough surface. This invention was acquired by the Viennese Manufacturer Remeter and the Premium; For the first time, they began to make matches by factory path and distribute in Europe.

The encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron reports that "matches in Russia were originally brought from abroad (Hamburg), and since 1837 they began to be released in Russia, and their production was focused exclusively in St. Petersburg."

Initially, phosphoric matches were sold in Russia at a well-known price - 1 ruble with silver per box (100 pieces). With a simple people, they were not affordable, and they used only wealthy people.

So, the matches were invented abroad in 1833, and in Russia appeared in 1837. What matches writes Pushkin to his brother in 1824? But what.

Match in Russia has long been called a little launch. So that it burns better, the end of it was lubricated with resin or gray. In the late XVIII century, Russia appeared peculiar lighters (allumette), something like closed metal or glass lamps, in which the light was growl and where Serenyaki matches were encouraged through special holes, through which it was possible to get a fire. There were these "lighters" about several matches, their cases were in the form of vases with an artistic trim. There were such matches in rich houses. One of these lighters I had a chance to see Nikolai I on the Peterhof Cabinet, another, in the Foundation of the All-Union Museum of Pushkin in Leningrad.

There were lighters matches and another character. In one of the old printed guides of the beginning of the XIX century, in paragraph "On Home Fire", the following is described: " Best tool Have a constant fire in your house - burning lamp. But it can easily happen that the lamp will go out, then it is necessary to have a fire at hand. With an ordinary carving of silicon from steel, it is not always possible to get a fire, and therefore you can make matches. A piece of platinum wire in the form of a knitting needles to wrap with a drink near the luminaire of the paper. It is lowered in a jar with alcohol and light up, since the Siagy match will slightly grunate, the lanch is slightly, for the end of the match will hold the heat until the alcohol is in the lamp. Two spoons are enough to maintain such a temperature in continuation of sixteen hours. These appliances have those important amenities that when they use there is no danger from fire or smell from the lamp, oil burns in the way. Sometimes this device can be used instead of smokers, and then amber or other spirits are in place in the wine alcohol ("Encyclopedia of the Russian experienced city and agriculture, a keyboard, housekeeping, cooks, cooks, containing the leadership of urban and agriculture, extracted from 40 , 50 and 60-year experiments of Russian owners. Oped Boris Volzhin in St. Petersburg ").

About such matches, probably, and wrote Pushkin to his brother in 1824.

Autumn of 1835 Pushkin lives in a stuffy atmosphere of the Imperial Petersburg. He breaks out, to the village, in Mikhailovskoe, where he always found a consolation, peace and peace. Finally, on September 10, he comes, feeling the heart that he was probably here for the last time.

In these sad days, he wrote an elegio "I visited ..." - a deep meditation about my fate, oh submission to the general law of being, about the mysterious future. He sees familiar places in Mikhailovsky, who loved since childhood, sees the old one, for a change that is uncontrollably new. He talks with him, with his reader, stretches the hand of a young tribe, unfamiliar ...

The poet reminds us that in the life of every person some of the truths are comprehended twice: the first time - when he is young and secondary - when I accumulated wisdom and life experience. "I visited again ..." - the poem is unfinished. Perhaps, Pushkin made it consciously that the reader's thought worked on. He wants the upcoming generation to remember his good word. And to remember him, you need to leave a good memory. For it is an expensive person just what he did good, and anyone especially what was not easy for him. And every person should strive to leave behind a good trace of his own business, his work, his work ... This is the high meaning of Elegy.

There are two souvenir in the Mikhailovsky House-Museum, which is three souvenirs, the fate of the Three Pines, and the Pushkin in Elegia. These are pieces of wood. One large, rounded shape, which resembles a thigh, which are on the trunks of very old pines. He is all the owner of the pilgrims who retracted chopping wood for himself in those years when this relic was almost the only exhibit of the museum. The other is a small rectangular bar, with the front side of which two silver plates are attached. On the upper plate engraved lines:

On the border
Possessions of the Dedovsky, on the spot
Where the road is risen,
Sprinkled with rains, three pines
Stand - one goddle, two others
Friend to his friend ...

On the lower plate, the inscription: "Part of the last pine, broken storms of the 5th July 1895. Mikhailovskoe. "

The first pilgrim, who made a walk after the death of Pushkin but Mikhailovsky in February 1837, was A. Turgenev. He walked in the footsteps of Pushkin. She bowed and "Three Pines", but saw them not three, but only two, there was no third.

Twenty-two years later, the other pilgrim, the writer K. Timofeev, also made a walk in Mikhailovsky and also found only two pines: "The third has long been cut down, as the rector of the Svyatogorsk Monastery explained to me. The tree was needed for the monastery mill ... "

And another fifteen years, in the year of the installation of Pushkin's monument in Moscow, the newspaper "New Time" reported that "In Mikhailovsky, only one Pushkin pine was left, but it also looks like a real disabled person, bruising all destroyed, greenery - no sprigs, only One big barrel, squirrel-predicted, covered bark ... ".

"This last pine I am especially well remembered fat, slightly tilted, with a broken top. She lived in this form until in July 1895 she broke her finally storms "- so told Julius Mikhailovich Shokalsky - grandson A. Kern, a geographer, who spent his young years in Mikhailovsky from Gregory Alexandrovich Pushkin.

In the summer of 1898, Gregory Aleksandrovich visited the poet S. Skitalets (Petrov). The owner told him about the fate of the last pine: "When the storm broke the trunk of the last pine and only her high sharp remained, and saw that she became dangerous for people, and with pain in his heart ordered her to cut her down, and the trunk was kept in his office. Before doing all this, I invited the photographer and ordered him to take a picture. "

There were several prints of the picture: one stayed in Mikhailovsky, another donated to Osinov in Trigorskoe, the third sent to the Academy of Sciences, and the fourth in 1899, on the day of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Alexander Sergeyevich, was given to Pskov.

At the request of his relatives and friends, Grigory Alexandrovich made several small souvenirs from a silver inscription from Pine and sent them to his brother Alexander, sister Natalia - Countess Meernberg, who lived in Germany, his nephew - Son of his wife's sister I. Volotsky, Yu. Shokalsky, M. Philosophical - Sister of Wife Grigory Alexandrovich, as well as Academy of Sciences, Lyceum and Poet K. Slaphevsky.

Leaving Mikhailovsky to Lithuania, where he settled in Markuche, the estate of his wife V. Melnikova, Grigory Alexandrovich, took with him and the trunk of pine trees, cutting off a big piece from him and transferring to the eternal storage of the new owner of the Mikhailovsky to the Pskov Pushkin Committee. This is a piece of pine and one of the bars with the inscription and see everyone coming to the poet's house. These relics are exhibited next door to the manuscripts of Elegy "I visited again ...".

Today, the souvenir who belonged to Alexander Alexandrovich Pushkin, is far away in Belgium, in the heirs of the died in 1968, the great-grandfather of the poet A. S. Pushkin, living in Brussels; Copies K. Sluchevsky and Yu Shokalsky in the Foundations of the All-Union Museum of Pushkin. A copy of M. philosophical is kept in Mikhailovsky.

And the living "three pines" stand on their bridge - "on the border of the ownership of the grandfathers." They were restored by us in 1947. Sit them at the age of twelve years. Now they have grown, have become high. They will soon be for forty years. Two of them are "each other close ...". Near the roots of their "mlading grove", and "the bushes are tested under the canopy of them as children" ... and the third pine, planted away, is the "old bachelor". Every year he becomes sullen and sullen, as it should be ...

When you pass by the "Three Pines", you always hear a brought "noise of trees" and you can't remember the bright name of the poet and his immortal "I visited again ...".

Several years ago, I received a letter from Canada from a certain K. Chipman - head of the Russian department of Canadian radio. In this letter, the author reports that their radio recorded in Montreal interview with Canadian literary review scientists R. Plentnev about the recently discovered poem attributed to Pushkin. Short story This poem is such.

Not far from Mikhailovsky once there was an old estate of the owners of philosophers Bogdanovskoye, where the poet was often visiting, played with the master in the card and ... cared for his wife. Family legend of philosophical tells that one day Pushkin, opening a card table, quickly wrote on the bottom of his following humoring lines:

She mysteriously silent,
And he mysteriously silent,
She did not say a word,
He answered nothing.
And finally, with a prayer in gaze,
She said to him:
"My friend, about this conversation
Do not tell anyone. "

A table with Pushkin's poem was kept in Bogdanovsky to the revolution. He burned down in the years civil War Together with the house, when many landlord estates burned in the Pskov region. But the poem was lists that were kept from the members of the family of philosophers who lived in St. Petersburg and Moscow. One of these lists was after the revolution in Paris. This recognized the relative of philosophers - N. Trubetskaya, she brought a list to Canada, where he constantly lives and works. The list was transferred to the study of Professor R. Pletnev - known in the West by a specialist in Russian literature and Pushkin.

In his interview with the Canadian Radio R. Pletnev, stated that the poem could be written by Pushkin, but only quite prove it would probably be impossible. R. Plentnev stressed that the poem belongs to the category of Pushkin jokes and a large artistic value does not have.

In Bogdanovsky, it was often visited, not only Alexander Pushkin, according to his father, Sergey Lvovich, and brother Lion. Both loved writing poems into albums of their friends and acquaintances. According to the poetic warehouse, general harmony, the vocabulary and peculiar "album" is a humorous poem more like the creation of Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin than his great brother. So I think when I reread these verses again and again.

Small drawing Pushkin time pasted on a thin vintage cardboard. At the top one under the other two narrow paper stickers in the form of strips with text in French. The text is made up of words cut from some book or the beginning of the XIX century start. In the picture text.

This text should explain the plot of watercolors. What is shown on it?

In the figure we see an almost empty room. In the foreground, a large sofa round shape with a seven-way back. On the left, the mirror in a narrow wooden frame can be seen and almost next to it is a wide frame, probably with a picture. On the sofa, two lovers of young people, she and he, in a rather intimate pose, - he, like a small child, sits on her knees, hugging her beloved right hand Behind the shoulder and adopting with his face to her face ... his eyes are blissfully closed, they whisper something mouth ... She, leaning toward him, looks at the viewer widely open eyes, which as it were to say: "See how much you please. I'm calm, he loves me ... I am with him like "Zemfira who left Aleko ..." On her raspberry dress, on the shoulders brown Gypsy shawl with red stripes. On him a brown coat, the neck is tied by a black tie.

Silence, family, home, comfort - such total atmosphere Rooms. And for the sofa, on the right, opening the doors to the room, someone's head is turned off with diskupine hair, with stainless eyes. In it, we learn the features of the author "Gypsy" - A. S. Pushkin.

Persons depicted are undoubtedly portrait. And if Pushkin looks out of the doors, then who sits on the sofa? Carefully considering the miniature, on the right, vertically, you can read the inscription "1829. K. G. ". Where was Pushkin this year? Where did he live with whom especially met often, was friends? .. Who is depicted on this caricature?

1829 year. Pushkin "spins" in the light. Until the middle of May, he lives in Moscow. Dreaming about marriage. Swathed to Sophie Fedorovna Pushkin, Ekaterina Nikolaevna Ushakova ... Watching to S. Pushkin was not successful. This girl was officially announced by the bride of another - N. Panin.

The image of S. Pushkin did not affect any further life, nor in Pushkin's poetry ...

Its successor became another Virgin - Ekaterina Nikolaevna Ushakov. Contemporaries say that the love of Pushkin to Ushakova was immense and mutual. But Solva was deceived in his predictions.

Having left for St. Petersburg, Pushkin has not been shown for a long time in Moscow in the foreground, where Ushakov lived. New Maiden Heart seized his fantasy, he was fascinated by Anna Alekseyevnaya Olenina - daughter of Director of the St. Petersburg Public Library, President of the Academy of Arts A. Olinin, the cousin of Anna Petrovna Kern. Having received the refusal of the parents of the deer, Pushkin returned to Moscow with the intention to resume his courtship for Catherine Nikolaevna Ushakova. But here I expected his new failure. He learned that his "Zemfira" E. N. is engaged to another.

Who remained with whom? - exclaimed Pushkin.

With deer horns, the bride answered him ... (hint at the passion of Pushkin in St. Petersburg A. Olenina.)

Despite the grinding, the poet continued to be in the house of Ushakov. Contemporaries say that at first her husband (Naumov) was strongly jealous of his wife to her girlish past, to Pushkin ... But that later the love and consent of her husband and wife always reigned in the house, but the good envy of Pushkin.

To this day, the album of Sisters Catherine Nikolaevna was preserved, Elizabeth Nikolaevna, in which there are caricatures on Pushkin among numerous cartoons.

All this allows us to argue that watercolor-miniature stored in the Museum Foundation of the Reserve, in the humorous form of young spouses of Ushakov and Pushkin, who remains "with his nose," as with a tray, as "Aleko, to which Zemfira turned out to be incorrect." To those who have said, it is necessary to add that in the old days, in Pushkin time, they loved to make inscriptions to drawing-caricatures not from hand, not a pen, but sticking out carved letters and words from books and magazines. They were made in albums and on separate sheets. These are inscriptions in the picture made by someone close to the Ushakov house.

Who is the artist, the author of watercolor, could not find out. The drawing entered the Museum-Reserve from the Funds of the State Literary Museum in 1905, where, in turn, he came from the State theatrical museum named after A. A. Bakhrushina in 1938. The same museum acquired our watercolor from the descendants of Ushakov. It was almost fifty years ago.

New exhibits recently replenished Pushkin Cook in Mikhailovsky. We managed to find the gatherers of antique kitchenware pots and rubbers of red copper, mortar, kettles, banks, marks (clay bowls with steep sides), jams for cooking jam, the shape for making the shape of a powder's sweet kushan - Blanmange and much more. Part of the subjects we acquired in Pskov in Natalia Osipovna Sokolova, whose mother, O. Dvlevskaya-Markevich, was familiar with Maria Nikolaevna Pushchina - his friend Pushkin I. Pushchina.

By the way, Natalia Osipovna has acquired a reserve and an old original portrait of Maria Nikolaevna.

At that time, almost in every house there were books about cooking, including the "Encyclopedia of the Russian rural key, housekeeping, cooks and cooks"; The latter was reprinted more than once. Many houses had rare recipes transmitted from generation to generation. By the parental house of Pushkin was an unimportant school of gastronomy and cook art. According to A. Kern, their friends did not like to dinner in the old people of Pushkin. On the occasion of dinner, they once okay A. Delvig composed Ironic poems to Pushkin:

Pushkin friend, do you want to taste
Eastern butter and eggs rotten?
So come with me to dine
Today is your relatives.

In Lyceum, Pushkin's table was Spartan simple. Daily soups, yes porridge, yes compotes ... caused its express:

Blessed husband, Izhya sits to the caress closer ...

Pushkin's lyceum dishes rather developed his appetite than he satisfied. School regime allowed him to dream more than to drink.

At this time, he chants the "Circular Punch Bow". But this bowl probably did not like it as often as he might. In the dreams of a young poet, luxury lunches and peers were drawn:

... in a bright room
Merry round stop covers;
Bread salt on pure bedspread,
Swam soup, wine in a glass
And pike in the tablecloth lies ...

At the end of the lyceum, the young poet was drawn into a secular whirlpool. In this siety, by tempting for the young man of a school of life, he learned a lot about, he was previously inaccessible. He learned to "live together with Venus, with a cortic, with a book and a glass." He gives tribute to different fashionable at the time of the overseas wines - the Shatoque, Burgor, champagne ... But soon it came to the "congenital rock" threw it in a south reference, where he was forced to forget the "capital of the far and glitter, and noisy peers" ...

In Chisinau, where Pushkin lived quite poorly, he had to get acquainted with the works of the local Moldovan cooking. In Odessa, he meets with new products of European cuisine on dinners at local rich nonsense and governor-general.

Scene from Odessa to the Pskov province, Pushkin fell into a modest rustic atmosphere and healed simply and modestly. Parents have not met an opaired son with pearts and cakes. And leaving the shortness of Mikhailovskaya, they took their chefs at all. The duties of the hostess, housekeeping and the provies took over the old nanny of Arina Rodionovna - the master on all hands. Her Brashna and Potho, her tincture, shelled and jam, as you know, were struck by N. Langov, and he even felt in his verses gastronomic art Arina Rodionovna.

Lion Pushkin's brother leaves from time to time to send her wines, then mustard, then a dozen rum, then the Limburg cheese. In the village there was not to the gourmet, but here Pushkin had to be sought with rare guests - I. Pushchinov, A. Delvig, N. Language, and the length of them in the poet's house there were good supplies. Here is his order in verses, this brother:

Do you know what kind of?
I have a law alone;
Thirst full freedom
And tolerance of all sorts of wines!
My hospitable cellar ...

It is unlikely that there were rare wines in this cellar. But kvass, tinctures, there was plenty of magazine, and before all this, Arina Rodionovna was a big master.

The provincial reserves of Mikhailovsky were great and diverse. The farm had a lot of chickens, ducks, geese, turkey, sheep, calves, cows. Milk - sea; Sour cream, cream, cottage cheese - preistently. The river, lakes and ponds of Mikhailovsky have been abounded by fish - crucian, bream, seasons, catfish and crayfish. And what could be better fried crucian in sour cream or bay catfish? About forest mushrooms and berries - cloudberry, raspberry, blueberries, currants - and there is nothing to say. Folk legends say that Pushkin loved to walk on mushrooms himself. And the Dedovsky apple orchard with his Antonovka, Borovinka, GRASHOSKA, and the Ochakovskiy cherries, plums, pears? .. After all, it was cooked from all this, it suffered, a lot of luxuriousness was baked.

With an excellent Barkaya cuisine of the Pskov village Pushkin met in the house of His friends Osinovy-Wulf. Here holy observed ancient refectory traditions. Baked pancakes were baked on the carnival, goose began for Christmas. The holy Sunday was preparing cakes and Easter, in the name day - various cakes, blanmge and pies. This house was especially famous for apple pie. In his letters to Osinov Pushkin even subscribed: "Your Apple Pie".

Pushkin was not picky. He loved exquisite, but eagerly eaten and simple. Often preferred the second. He loved baked potatoes, cranberry with sugar, uroin apples, lingonberries, jam, home soup and porridge.

"He was not good at all," says P. Vyazemsky. - He even, I think, did not appreciate and did not fade the secrets of cook art; But on other things he was a terrible court. I remember how he ate almost one spirit twenty peaches bought in Torzhok. Ureated apples also gotten often from him. " O. Smirnova In his notes, it says that the most favorite rustic jam Pushkin had a roaming. "He could often see on the table ... a jar with a roof jam." And how Pushkin, could not love such jam, since it was welded on all the old rules that were recommended by a special printed recipe!

Cook the roasted jam was complex and cunning. This is how the recipe of the then "rural encyclopedia" says: "Peeled from seeds, sopped, green, a bodied gooseberry, assembled between 10 and 15 June, folded into the growing pot, shocking with rows of cherry leaves and a little shatter and spinach. Pour the hard water, close the roof, to deceive the test, paste for a few hours into the furnace, so hot, as it happens after it is from the bread from it. Another day, take out the gooseberry, pour into cold water with ice straight from the cellar, after an hour to mix the water and boil with it once, then the second time, then the third, then put the berries again in cold water with ice, which move several times, each Once the berries have held in it at a quarter of an hour, then throw back the berries on the sieve, and when the berry stalks - decompose it on the tablecloth of linen, and when it will dry, get 2 pounds to sugar on every pound of berries. To cook the syrup of three quarters of the sugar, boil, remove the foam and at this hot syrup to pour the berries and put it boil, and how it becomes boiled, squeeze the rest of the sugar and one to boil the key, and then keep on light fire, trying to taste. After all this, fold the jam into pound banks and wrap them with waxed paper, and on top of the bubble and tied up. Jam Siens honors the excellent and the best of the rustic supplies. "

Possessing exemplary health, Pushkin, according to the testimony of contemporaries, loved to eat. In Onegin, there is a string - "The stomach is true to our Breget ...".

At the end of the life, exhausted by concerns and expenses of the city capital life, Pushkin dreamed of a village, about Mikhailovskaya cook. Now he had the most modest, but unless desires: "Peace, giving a pot, and he himself". But, alas, it was not destined to him ...

We have in Pskov, in the State Archive, "Audivice Fairy Tales" of Mikhailovsky 1825, 1836 and 1838. And thanks to them, we know the names of the men "Magnifying and Female Semi", who lived in Mikhailovsky, when Pushkin lived there. We know not only the names of people, but what they did, in what age were. In the year of the poet's links there were seventeen souls, and in the year of death - only nine. The rest by the will of the parent or were translated into Boldino, or taken to the service in St. Petersburg.

In the "Opisi of the Mikhailovsky, who was focused on the decree of the Nobinskaya Pushkina, on May 18, 1838, the Zemskiy Pushkin and Strana Pastukhovsky for two noble witnesses" listed all the movable property of the village of Pushkin, including the yard people. Here are their names: Eremee Sidorov, 75 years old, shepherd, Avdoty Sergeeva, His wife, 61 year old, cowgirl, her son-in-law Pavel Kurochkin, 51 years old, Kucher, Konya and blacksmith, wife Avdota, 36 years old, cowgirl, birdhouse Avdota Archpova, 37 years old, Dmitry Vasilyev, 31 years old, Halfweed, watchman and gardener, Praskov, Niece of Ulyana Old, Living in St. Petersburg, A. S. Pushkin Nurse, 18 years old, Farm, Nastasya, Vasily Mikhailova Daughter, 23 years old, in Users with the Lord's House and Flegels and daughter Andreva Darya, that in St. Petersburg, Olga Sergeyevna Pushkin, youngsters of 7 years.

And what did they look, are their images preserved? It is believed that no. Only approval is incorrect. There are images.

In the spring of 1837 at the request of A. Turgenev, M. Vilygorsky, G. Stroganova, Natalia Nikolaevna Pushkin, with the assistance of the Pskov Governor A. Pskov, Pskov Amermer Ilya Stepanovich Ivanov arrived in Mikhailovskoye to capture the type of place where Pushkin lived and worked. From Ivanov's drawing, the famous artist P. Alexandrov made lithography. She now knows everything. She reproduced thousands of times. It depicts the courtyard, the manor of Mikhailovsky, the poet's house, the flaggel, kurtny, the garden, the walkway, Pushkin on horseback riding, Osipov, traveling in a carriage, on the old porch of the house Nanny - Arina Rodionovna. But not only it depicted Ivanov.

What is this old man with a key going past the estate? Isn't that hemery? And who are these seven, returning with rakes and braids from Senokos?

Maybe this is the yard: Praskovya - Niece of Ulyana, Nastasya Mikhailova, Dmitry Vasilyev and others? And what is this little girl going next to adults? Yes, it is, of course, daughter Andreva Darya.

So it turns out that "Selo Mikhailovskoe" Ivanova is not only an image of the manor Pushkin, but also portraits of people close to him, ranging from Arina Rodionov to the girl-youngster, Darya Andreva's daughter.

Ilya Stepanovich Ivanov was not an artist. He was all pouring to the ledge-topographer, a draftsman. He, of course, tried to be accurate in his drawing. On lithography as if revived inventory Mikhailovsky. We have no other images of the historic ruler. Therefore, Ivanovo drawing is priceless.

That's what some mysterious letters opened. Others, still wandering around the Bella, are waiting for their own hours ...

Pushkinhorier has long been a kind of place of cultural life of our Motherland. Here in June of each year there is a All-Union Pushkin Poetry Festival, in August - the All-Union Pushkin Scientific Conference, in February - and the anniversary of the death of A. S. Pushkin - the days of light sorrow.

Here were writers K. Powetsky, Yu. Tynyanov, S. Mikhalkov, K. Fedin, L. Leonov, Yu. Nagibin, M. Dudin; Artists and sculptors: S. Konenkov, P. Oreshnikov, P. Osovsky, L. Mockovnikov, E. Bearsov, A. Laction, M. Alikushin, P. Fomin and many others. Here were born Pushkin themes of their works, known to the whole world.

Pushkin Reserve is not only a literary monument of history and culture. This is a kind of people's Pushkin University. Here a person meets Pushkin in the past and present. Typical Russian nature, sneaking by Pushkin in his many creations, inspires people of all ages.

Why is the views of young and mature artists addressed to Pushkin? Pushkin People. It reflected all the manifestations of being. The soul of the poet penetrated everywhere. It has everything that constitutes the concepts of harmony, beauty, perfection, simplicity. It is realistic in everything, is understandable to everyone, the intelligible of everyone. There is not a single artist who in his work silently would have passed by him, be something F. Dostoevsky and L. Tolstoy, V. Mayakovsky and S. Yesenin, M. Sholokhov and L. Tedovsky. He helped everyone to find his way. He portrayed the world in all his hypostatas - aesthetic, epic, social, historical ...

I remember the winter and spring of 1949, when the well-known Soviet artist Alexander Ivanovich Lactione worked in the rooms of the recoverable house of Pushkin. He came to us at the time of the nationwide recognition of his painting "Letter from the front."

Laction has devoted many days to study the life and creativity of the poet. Painstakingly rummaged in the books of the Pushkin Library, he echedfully asked for the scientists of Pushkinists the information about the life of Pushkin in Mikhailovsky. For him, the image of a great Russian poet, a close connection of him with the Pskov Territory, Pskov Village became more clearly. And when the plot of the paintings was lactiony finally defined, he began a large cloth, which was given the name "I visited ...".

To L. Lactionova, many Soviet artists, including V. Bialynitsky-Birulya, P. Konchalovsky, L. Khizhinsky, Yu. Nakhtomnutsev, I. Shabanov and others worked in the Pushkin Reserve. The works of these artists were repeatedly published by mass gravity in the form of reproductions and well known to our people. But none of them created a large canvase, and a large picture Yu. Nakuntsyva died.

"For some reason, no one has yet made a lively and significant portrait from this charming piece of homeland," wrote in 1926 by A. Lunacharsky in one of his enthusiastic letters about Mikhailovsky, published by him shortly after the trip to Pushkin Reserve.

Lactione set himself the task of writing a "portrait" of the nature of the Pskov Territory, with which the bright, life-affirming began the beginning of Pushkin lyrics penetrated by great optimism. The artist was planning to show Pushkin against the background of the nature of the "country of the native", with which the poet felt his deep, blood and spiritual, kinship and which was forever made his heart, "enthrew it in immortal verses.

In the picture A. Laktionova Pushkin is depicted during his penultimate arrival in Mikhailovskoye (in September 1835), when the poet, exhausted by the persecution of the government, censorship attacks, trails of "secular mobile", who experienced a heavy material need, sought to break out of his sought his St. Petersburg to his native The village, to the simple people, at that same corner of the earth, where he spent "two years of imperceptible" ...

October. Fall. Bright bugs are burning maples and linden of the Trigorsky Park. Favoring leaves as a carpet covered wet sand sand. On the couch under the canopy of oak sits the poet in a calm, concentrated pose. His gaze was directed to the distance, on the sad simplicity of the native corner of the earth.

Far, on many versts, the majestic landscape opens. In the foreground, the "quiet blue sort", washing yellowed, eaten by the sunshine of the Trigorsky meadow, then the meadows themselves with a stacks of freshly leaning hay, "Hills and Niva Stripes", "the scattered huts" and the blue haze on the horizon.

The artist captured Pushkin at that moment when he, inspired by the beauty of his native places, tastes his thoughts and experiences in the poetic stanza of Elegy "Again, I visited that corner of the Earth ..." - stanza addressed to the "Tribe young, unfamiliar".

Then Laktionov wrote a poet in the house of Pushkin. Engravings and etchings of the Leningrad Artist-Graphics of Vasily Mikhailovich Kaltzov became the creek symbols of the Pushkin Spirit itself - he saw so much and accurately displaced the real and sublime these forests and armor, fields and svholmiy.

V. Rolls from childhood was fond of drawing, in the junior years he studied at a Art School in Leningrad. And the Great Patriotic War beat the fascists in the Pskov region and near Berlin, the cavalier of many combat orders and medals, now the lieutenant colonel of the stock.

At the end of the war, V. Kolvtsov - secretary of Vasileostrovsky district party in Leningrad. And finally, his long-standing dream was carried out, he is a student of the Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after I. E. Repin Academy of Arts of the USSR. After graduating from the Institute by a professional artist, he remains in teaching work.

Since 1953, Vasily Mikhailovich can be found in the reserve at all times of the year. He is a great kind person and comrade. Every year, to each Pushkin anniversary - Birthday, Death, Links of the poet to the Pskov village - Vasily Mikhailovich brings their gifts to Mikhailovskoye - Miniatures on Pushkin Topics, in order to us, employees of the Museum-Reserve, could bring them to the good memory to our expensive guests - Writers, poets, artists, musicians, science and cultural workers who participate in Pushkin readings, conferences, literary evenings and the All-Union Pushkin Poetry Festival in Mikhailovsky.

Artist Alexey Konstantinovich Sokolov is also a good friend of the Pushkin Reserve. Many memorable Pushkin places were reflected in his paintings. Since 1947, when he was still a student of the Institute named after I. E. Repin Academy of Arts of the USSR, and all subsequent years, when Sokolov became a mast artist, a teacher of painting this institute, he is almost always in the reserve: then in the summer, then in the fall, then in the fall Or in winter. He is an indispensable participant of memorable Pushkin meetings, conferences and folk festivals in Mikhailovsky. He is the adviser and assistant restorers and keepers of the reserve. The student of the largest Soviet painters of academicians I. Grabar, V. Oreshnikov, A. Myotov, he worked a lot and successfully on the decoration of the Leningrad Metro, Leningrad Theater of Young Spectators, Moscow Theater on Taganka, Palace of Culture in the city of Cherepovets, etc. Sokolov - Master of portrait art and landscape painting.

He led many intimate secrets of Pushkin Nature. She is his teacher and mentor, his landscapes introduce us to the world of unexplored beauty and light, joy and happiness.

Pushkin Mountains for Sokolova are the paradise bush, where the artist always seeks for a new meeting with Pushkin and from where he leaves, filled with high love for the debris and spiritually updated.

Inexhaustible creative opportunities in the reserved Pushkin places open in front of novice artists, secondary students art schools and higher educational institutions Where do they not come here! From Moscow, Leningrad, Minsk, Kiev ... Starting from 1957, students of the Institute of Painting, Sculptures and Architecture named after I. E. Repin Academy of Arts of the USSR are held here. Every year, two year old months under the leadership of the teachers of the Institute and with the help of researchers and custodians of the Pushkin Reserve, repentant students take place not only picturesque and graphical practice, but also a kind of Pushkin Study.

Here they improve their skills, electing for compositions and image of the poet, and nature, they are suspended, and memorable places of Pushkinsky Svyatogory Mikhailovsky, Trigorsky, Petrovsky, Voronich, and portraits of live people of today's villages - the descendants of fellow countrymen. Other are taken for illustrating the works of Pushkin. After all, anywhere is so clear, so convex, so noticeably not perceived by Pushkin works, as in the place where they were written.

Meetings of young artists with Pushkin beneficially affect the development of the realistic start of their creativity, to search for their means of expression. Every year, young artists, ending with our practice and leaving Pushkin Lukomorier, together with the Museum-Reserve arrange the reporting exhibition of their works in the Pushkin mountains. I get acquainted with the exhibits of Etudes, sketches, sketches, you clearly feel the hot heart of young artists, their love for Pushkin, to our great debris, feel creative activity, growing skill.

And in recent years, more and more often with artists, E. Cassin, P. Krivtsov, V. Ahlomov, come to the Master of P. Krivtsov, V. Ahlomov, live, unexpectedly, and everything captured here we see in their albums as if new eyes . This is a new, modern side of the artistic life of Pushkinogory.

Everyone knows what role in the formation of people, their morals, in the education of "feelings of good" poetry plays. She pleases, soothes, stunning, paints. It reveals such concepts as eternity, time, love, faith. She is the main source of moral strength. It is available to everyone. Pushkin Reserve is a country of poetry. One who comes here is done by the poet ...

Mikhail Alexandrovich Dudin in Mikhailovsky since 1949. He came to the anniversary celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Pushkin.

This People's Day made an indelible impression on the poet. He saw and realized that the holiday in Mikhailovsky was national holidayBecause Pushkin - the creation of the people, his best son, the best expression of the genius of the Russian people. Then Dudin wrote a poem "Meeting on the anniversary of Pushkin on June 12, 1949 in the village of Mikhailovsky."

Since then, from year to year, guests in the Pushkin village of M. Dudin, he has its own "kingdom", its terme-fligec, its paths and groves. The poet closely met with Pushkin land, life and life of today's village, with rural residents - descendants of the Great Pushkin. He visited many rural libraries, clubs, cultural houses, and not only in Pushkin mountains, but also in the surrounding cities and villages. He felt in his poems Pushkin places and their relics, work ordinary people, Posted by chastushki for local collective farms, poems for memorial stones on the graves unknown soldierswho fell for the liberation of Pushkin land from the fascist invaders. Together with the working reserves, he landscaped his gardens and parks, the ancient settlement in Savkin. As a sign of gratitude to the poet for his love and care for Pushkin Earth and her people awarded the title " Honorable Sir p. Pushkin Mountains. "

In 1007, a large cycle of verses of Dudin "Svyatogorsk summer" appeared. In it, the poet writes about nature, through the knowledge of which Pushkin came to understand the greatness of the "Russian Spirit". Reflections of the poet about today's fate of the Earth and humanity are permeated by the eternal presence of Pushkin. Completes the collection The poem "This Grain".

You are born on earth.
Testament of distant ancestors is destined
You always in winter and summer
Soul to hear: this grain!
That from the fact that the world is split
Still strip. Does not matter
War, plague and hunger will be held
Love and song. This grain!

M. Dudin and his comrades Poet-Frontoviki A. Smedda, V. Azarov, Y. Melnikov, I. Vinogradov, S. Smirnov, Y. Helemsky and many others, coming to the revived Mikhailovskoye, can not remember what was In this holy place in the terrible years of the war ... Their poems and songs, the monumental poem of Alexander Smedda "" Pushkin years "are a requiem to the heroes and officers and officers who gave life to their homeland, for Pushkin, for his sacred grave. In the poem, A. Meddov Pushkin appears not only by the singer of the military glory of our Fatherland in the past - he is a companion in the battles of our fighters. This thought is revealed in Meadow's poem in all solemnity and strength.

Frontoviki poets in their verses talk about the mighty overlook, which they found on the ground of Pushkin.

In his poem "Supper" Poet Gleb Semenov signs the great feat of liberation from the Hitler's mines of the road to Pushkinsky necropol. These poems today sound in Pushkin Mountains as a tragic symphony. Poems of Frontoviki poets are repeated in the Pushkin Mountains: in the mouths of excursions, at the evenings dedicated to the meetings of pilgrims with the veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

Warrior Frontovik from Leningrad Poet Vsevolod Azarov for the first time came here, in Pushkinnich, in the winter of 1936 - on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the death of A. S. Pushkin. "Since then, I have been tied to these blessed places," he writes in the preface to one of his poetic collections. V. Azarov is one of the first poets who visited the Pushkin Reserve after his liberation in July 1944. On many Pushkin holidays he visited here. "The path to Mikhailovskoe" was written in the post-war years. Today, his poetic Pushkin cycle has been replenished with verses-precipitations about the terrible years of war, about the caring keepers of Pushkin places, the joy of the life of people creating a new world.

For Leningrad Poet Vladislav, Schoshina Mikhailovsky has always been "the edge of his native." Everyone in it is close and sincerely to him: both the ancient degrees of Voronich, and the thrones in Mikhailovskoe, and the Earth, and the sky.

Boris Schmidt visited Pushkinogoril in the 30s. After the war, his four poetic books were published, entirely dedicated to meetings with Pushkin, with Mikhailovsky: "Three trees" (1962), "and life, and tears, and love" (1970), "Letter in Mikhailovskoye" (1975), "Poems about my treasures" (1979). Especially sincerely poems dedicated to trees - the contemporaries of Pushkin, affected by Hitler's shells.

At various times, large poetry cycles about Mikhailovsky and Trigorsky were created by poets - Leonid Vyshislavsky (Kiev), Larisa Romanytko (Riga), George Nekrasov (Leningrad).

Ivan Vasilyevich Vinogradov Pskov Poet, former partisan. He is a caring friend of the Pushkin Museum-Reserve. He is very often in it. It can be seen and hear on all Pushkin holidays and meetings. "Pushkin with us", "Hello, Pushkin", "Living Pushkin", "Pushkin's voice" - poems with which the poet performed on the first post-war Pushkin holidays. The poetic word of Vinogradov is always warm, sincere, kind. Our vinogradov is not only a poet, but also kindness - the faithful assistant to the keepers of the protected Pushkin land in their works for the benefit of our people.

In the modern Mikhailov poetic Pushkinian, poems and songs and other Pskovii poets are sound: Vladimir Borovikova, Alexander Bologov, Igor Grigorieva, Evgenia Raisin, Mikhail Skorodumov, Oleg Timmerman, Vladimir Polovnikova.

Do not consider everything written by our poets about the Pushkin protected Svyatogorier. But, speaking of the reserve as a country of poetry, it is impossible not to name the names of those poets that were decorated with their beautiful verses wreath of Pushkin - these are the names of Samuel Marshak, Pavel Anctile, Maxim, Vsevolod, Christmas, Andrei Voznesensky, Evgenia Yevtushenko, Bella Ahmadullina, Larisa Vasilyeva , Silva Kaputican, Maxim Gettheva, David Samoilova, Sergey Island, Sergey Smirnova, Yaroslav Smelakov, David Kugultinova, Kaisina Kulieva, Jacob Swedov, Viktor Bokova, Hope Polyakova, Ilya Foniakova ...

Poems We read on a large panel along the road, on which pilgrims go to Mikhailovskoye.

Kaisin Kuliev

Store His gait and traces
Roads Stony Caucasus.
He saw our white ridges.
And our stars are the brightest diamonds.
I am grateful for that
Fate that both names related
That showed Pushkin Caucasus
And Pushkin Caucasus showed.

We know this Il do not know
We want me that I do not want
But he does not replace anyone
And forever needed.

A. Ventsalova

He spoke once:
"Hello, tribe
Young, unfamiliar ... "
And so
The predicted time came
Your prophetic voice of the great-hearth calls,
And every day of free and full
The soul of the people meets the song.

Mirdza Kenena

You are carrying the Georgians of Roses,
Litvinki - Ruta, Hi.
Give Uzbek collective farms
Brave Jeda color.
And cornflower blue flame
How Russian Eyes Fire Live,
Peoples lush flowers
Mogly walked your hill.

Maxim Rylsky

You are the monument to erect the wrong,
No one will hurt in age-old granite.
And the plow around him the trails will not touch the pan
Which people keep.
You were next to those who were in gloomy years
Great paths laid forward, -
And in the present days the love of the whole people
In your Mikhailovsky lives.

I really want to call the names of all poets, put on the altar of Mikhailovsky their heart. But I can't do it, for this requires a special book. All poets love Pushkin and all Pushkin. When Bulgarians asked E. Evtushenko, what kind of poem he considers the best, he replied: "Poems about Mikhailovsky." When P. Antocolsky in 1967 in Mikhailovsky asked what day he considers the most joyful day of his life, he replied: "Pushkin Day of Poetry in Mikhailovsky." The greatest of Russian arts is poetry!

Pushkin feast of poetry in Pskovskin is a kind of forum of grateful descendants in honor of the "great poet of all nations, all centuries."

Pushkin holiday is and will be nationwide, giving a visual idea of \u200b\u200bthe ever-living poetic word.

Let the custom of this Pushkin holiday will forever remain on our land as a feast of poetry and poets. After all, the poets will never be translated on Pasha land - give us all God of health and happiness!

Many, many written poems about Pushkin poets of all of our republics. But the poems write not only poets, but all that poetry is the main essence of their lives. Pushkin places attract everyone. And everyone sing glory a great poet. The nature of Mikhailovsky is perfect, and his landscapes are poetic. In their testamentary verses facing upcoming generations, Pushkin writes:

Love Green Hills Skat,
Meadows, crumpled by my wandering laziness,
Cool lip and maples noisy shelter -
They are familiar with inspiration.

The nature of the chimney shines its eternal beauty. Everything is divinely here. All Divo, and people coming to a bow to Pushkin, express their gratitude to him. beautiful words, His verses. They record them in the books of impressions of visitors Museums of Mikhailovsky, Petrovsky, Trigorsky, Svyatogorsk Monastery, send them by mail.

For all poets, poems about Pushkin and his land are the understanding of their place in the poetic construction, "checking itself. A trip to Mikhailovskoe for them a kind of cleansing, awakening the best side Soul. Poets again and again come here to open a new one, Dynamn an \u200b\u200bunknown morning of them the edge of Pushkin Poetry, Pushkin Spirit, and acute his connection with the world, with our difficult contemporary.

When you stand at the foot of the Mikhailovsky Hill, on which the poet's house addressed to the sky, it seems that you are in Athens and stand in front of Olympus and before you are about to the muses of poetry, music, spectacles ...

When you're standing at the sole of the pan of the mountains in Svyatogorye and you look at the ancient Assumption temple, it seems that you are in the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow and now the bells will be tucked and the yield of Pushkin Tsar Boris will begin ...

When you stand in front of one of the three Mountains of the ancient Voronin and you look at the portico of the House of Trigorsk Friends of Pushkin, remember the Larina's house in Opera "Eugene Onegin".

When you pass by the Poetic Polyana Mikhailovsky, you always hear the echo of the Pushkin People's Holiday of Poetry, who takes place here annually on the birthday of Alexander Sergeevich.

And everywhere, Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky's voice is heard everywhere. No, Ivan Semenovich does not participate in our anniversaries and the holidays of Pushkin - he creates them by investing all his soul singer, a citizen, a devotee. How many times he sang on the manor of Mikhailovsky, where he was a simple porch at home-museum! How many times he sang in the garden, who passed thousands of guests Pushkin. How many times sang on the poetic glade of the stomasy crowd "Glory" Pushkin, the fame of the Soviet people - the worker, the winner, the glory of our great debris. He was erected and "Forest and Shads" and all those present on the field. How many times he sang on the cinema Mountain Requiem Pushkin - ancient sad Russian songs, songs written by our modern Soviet poets and musicians and dedicated to the memory of Pushkin!

By the 175th anniversary of the poet's birth, they were prepared and for the first time performed with the Children's Choir of the Pskov Cultspots of the School at the site of the burial of Pushkin, in the Svyatogorsk Monastery, a wonderful work of the Great Russian composer S. Rakhmaninova "Monolog Pimen".

What you need to have a heart, what love for the Fatherland, to his native culture, to his people, so that it inspires this master Pushkin! Kozlovsky's voice sounds in the Assumption Cathedral in all registers, in all the tools. The ancient "ballots" are attached to the walls and "sails" of the building, five hundred years ago, raise the singing of the artist to indescribable height! Everyone listened to hopping breathing. Many tears in their eyes. And how many people are behind the monastery wall, on all the roads leading to Pushkinsky necropol. Everyone catches every sound, rushing from the top of the mountain.

Only such an artist, like Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky, was able to make the ancient "vote" and the warriors of the monastery of the fortress. Only he was able to reveal to the end of the masterpiece Rakhmaninov, his "Pimen" ...

The art of Ivan Semenovich is tested by time. It is immortal! Ivan Semenovich turned 85 years old! And he is still young. He is not just a wonderful singer of our great era - he is legendary song holder.

Turning to him with the words of congratulations, we talk to him and yourself: Your art, dear Ivan Semenovich, will live in our memory always, for it is truly popular, strengthening in the hearts of people - the builders of the new society, the high moral began morality, ethics, beauty.

Mysterious letters

When people leave, things remain after them. Things silently testify to the most ancient truth - that they are more durable people. There are no inanimate objects. There are inanimate people. Without things Pushkin, without the nature of Pushkin places it is difficult to understand until the end of his life and creativity. This also knew the poet's contemporaries well, and the best of all Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev, who wrote about Pushkin's house, about pine, lilac, a gulbit and many other things in Mikhailovsky.

Today, Pushkin's things are in reserves and museums. Here they live a special, mysterious life, and the keepers read letters hidden in them. In front of me in Mikhailovsky, hundreds of thousands of people of different ages, knowledge and aspirations were held. And they all wanted to see what surrounded the poet. And so I tell them: "This window loved to sit Pushkin." Here they are all starting to look at an ordinary window and suddenly see that it is not ordinary that none of them have not seen such a window, did not see near the window of this green bush that there is no other such bush on the whole world that over the bush sky, what It was with Pushkin, and the cloud, and the silhouette of the flying bird reflected by the glass, which he could have seen and he.

Many many more years after the windows and doors completely dilated, and the threshold of Pushkin's house, the lush lilac every spring opened her fragrant flowers for people. Once it was planted and holly someone's caring hands, and Lilac looked into Pushkin's room. And then everything went into the fly.

And now the threshold, and the steps, and the windows of the Pushkin House, and we again planted lilac, and, as before, she gives her dreamy travelers.

In each leaf of the bush there are writing. Pushkin knew how to read them. To understand the village Pushkin, it is necessary that anyone coming to Mikhailovsky try to disassemble these writings.

When Pushkin asked about his office, he answered: "The village is my office."

Village is nature. Trees, herbs, bushes, birds and beasts. Pushkin loved this land. He walked through the forest without a furout, in a shirt, often on a boss foot, in the wind, and rain, and coolness, and not only when it was quiet and hot. He saw that in nature everything is infinite and almost nothing changes in it. She is eternity. This is only we change, people.

In the spring, when everything in Mikhailovsky starts and people go to the will, they see and hear only water. So it was at Pushkin and now. Water goes from everywhere, she fills the cherished meadows, gives rise to a huge sea and heats the streams and rivers, the old man of the river and her new, - and this water is from one mountain to another.

Nature Mikhailovsky has his guards. Pushkin wrote about them in the poem "houses". And the most faithful guard of this place is water.

Every day, trees, bushes, meadows and glade Mikhailovsky show their character in a new way. Every morning the keeper of this magnificent gallery replaces one of the old pictures of some new and as if he says: "I saw Pushkin all this. Look and you. We will become better. "

When you will be in Mikhailovsky, be sure to go somehow in the evening at the estate's gathering, become a face to a small lake and shout loudly: "Alexander Sergeevich!" I assure you, he will surely answer: "A-U-y! I go-y! "

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Part 1

C1. Listen to the text and write a compressed presentation.

Mysterious letters

When people leave, things remain after them. Things silently testify to the most ancient truth - that they are more durable people. There are no inadverted objects. There are inanimate people. Without the things of Pushkin, without the nature of Pushkin places it is difficult to understand his life, creativity, it was well known to the contemporaries of the poet, and the best of all Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev, who wrote about Pushkin's house, about pine, lilac, the Gulbit and many other things in Mikhailovsky.

Today, Pushkin's things are in reserves and museums. Here they live a special, mysterious life, and the keepers read their hidden letters. In front of me in Mikhailovsky, hundreds of thousands of people of different ages, knowledge and aspirations were held. And they all wanted to see what surrounded the poet. And so I tell them: "This window loved to sit Pushkin." Here they begin to look at the ordinary window and suddenly see that it is extraordinary that none of them have seen such a window, did not see near the window of this green bush. They understand that there is no such bush on all over the world, which is over the bush of the sky, which was with Pushkin, and the cloud, and the silhouette of the flying bird, which may have seen and he.

Many many more years after the windows, and the doors, and the threshold of Pushkin's house, are a lush lilac every spring revealed their fragrant flowers for people. Once it was planted and holly someone's caring hands, and Lilac looked into Pushkin's room. And then everything went into the fly.

And now the threshold, and the steps, and the windows of the Pushkin House, and we again planted lilac, and, as before, she gives her dreamy travelers.

In each leaf, the bustle has its own letters. Pushkin knew how to read them. To understand the village Pushkin, it is necessary that anyone coming to Mikhailovskoy try to disassemble these writings.

When Pushkin asked about his office, he answered: "The village is my office."

Village is nature. Trees, herbs, bushes, birds and beasts. Pushkin loved this land. He walked in the forest without a furout, in a shirt, often on a boss, in the wind, and in the rain, and in a coolness ... He saw that in nature everything is limitless and almost nothing changes. She is eternity. This is only we change, people.

In the spring, when everything in Mikhailovsky starts and people go to the will, they see and hear only water. So it was at Pushkin and now. The water goes from everywhere, she fills the cherished meadows, gives rise to a huge sea and dries in it of the streams and rivers, an old man of the river and her new, - and this water is from one mountain to another.

Nature Mikhailovsky has his guards. Pushkin wrote about them in the poem "houses". And the most faithful guard of this place is water.

Every day, trees, bushes, meadows and glade Mikhailovsky show their character in a new way. Every morning the keeper of this magnificent gallery replaces one of the old pictures of some new and as if he says: "I saw Pushkin all this. Look and you. We will become better. "

(S. Heichenko)

Part 2

Read the text and execute tasksA1-A7; B1-B14 .

(1) Fire, smoke, ashood yes ash, crowded, wicker rusty wire, Started by Mami Earth - that's what they left, retreating, fascists.

(2) Instead of the reserve - the desert. (3) Ripped uncomfortable wound, pain and dead silence.

(4) The ex-president of the Academy of Sciences Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov, in the old memory, through the faithful friends, found Semyon Stepanovich Heichenko. (5) He knew him for a long time as an employee of the Pushkin House, as the keeper of Peterhof Palaces; Valued this who does not know the peace of the scientist who can think and act.

(6) - I hope for you, get up, restore, - Sergei Ivanovich said.

(7) Standing April 1945. (8) The war approached Berlin in all its increasing strength and mercilessness. (9) Earth expected. (10) She revived the man gaining his true calling.

(11) At this time, on random passing machines, with a stubborn, on the road, dried by iron tranny, the road, and came to Pushkin Mountains Semyon Stepanovich Geichenko.

(12) It was necessary to clear, unrest this reigned war, and to restore everything as it was with Pushkin. (13) Geichenko perfectly understood that it was much more difficult to restore than to re-on.

(14) Well, well, dear, let's start, "he said not to himself, not the first Skvortz, whom he saw in the miracle of the last twist at the semi-consuming, excised fragments of Berezov, lonely standing at the ruins of the nanny house. (15) - You are easier, you have a birdhouse, and I have nothing. (16) Well, even though you sing, everything is more fun ...

(17) Ducks, Herons flew behind the Skvorts. (18) Two storks were chosen by the old Hannibalov leapipu with a knuckle shot down and started writing a nest. (19) Popped the silver song of the Oriole. (20) The grass went into growth. (21) The birch branches are miraculously launched new shoots. (22) On a third of the foul mighty pine, on which there was an observation point and which the fascists did not have time to cut, swimmed with a resin and came to life. (23) From under the age oak in Trigorsky on a brother, the whole block was pulled out, and the empty space was clogged with earth and manure. (24) And the oak began to hike, and with some proportion of imagination in its green leaves it was possible to notice hiding mermaids.

(25) Everything was cleared, defeated, stolen by the fascists. (26) But the director of the reserve and people working with him believed the bright faith in the fact that everything would be as it was with Pushkin, and did not regret this forces, working from dawn to dawn.

(27) The first nanny house was restored. (28) In 1949, Pushkin's house was rebuilt and the solemn opening of the reserve was held.

(29) From all the continents, poets came to this intimacy celebration of poetry. (30) Their multilingual voices, reinforced by reproductors, were raised in the washed rainy greenery, and they listened to them in the saint festive crowds of people and in Svyatogorsk very, near the grave of the poet, and in Mikhailovsky, on a wide meadow at the entrance to the estate.

(31) And among this festive, admiring and enchanted crowd, then there is a dry high figure of a sharp figure in the movements of a person with an expressive sharp face, with a good smile and a thick influx of blond hair, falling on the eyes.

(32) It also corrected them or the only right hand, or a characteristic soda of the head. (33) He explained, advised, showed. (34) He was all in motion. (35) and an invisible sense of satisfaction, maybe even not conscious, made it beautiful.

(According to M. Dudina)

To each task A1-A7 there are four answers, from which only one is right. Write the number of the correct answer.

A1.Which of the statements shown below contains the answer to the question: "Why si. Vavilov said S.S. Heichenko, what does he hoped for him? "

1) S.S. Gayichenko was a front-line.

2) Semyon Stepanovich was a good builder.

3) Heichenko was a scientist who knew how to think and act.

4) S. I. Vavilov had no other choice.

A2.Choose a faithful continuation of the answer to the question: "Why did Geichenko and people working with him worked from dawn to dawn?" Heichenko and people workingfrom him worked from dawn to dawn because

1) I sought to earn as much money as possible.

2) believed that Pushkin places are a shrine, and wanted to restore them.

3) They strive to please the authorities.

4) wanted to show their professional skills.

A3. Like S.S. Geichenko characterizes the information concluded in sentences 31-35?

1) Semyon Stepanovich was a fussy man.

2) Heichenko always imposed his opinion to other people.

3) Semyon Stepanovich sought to shine his knowledge.

4) Heichenko was active who knows his man.

A4.Specify, in what value is used in the word word dry(Proposition 31).

1) devoid of water 3) thin

2) indifferent, nonlaskaya 4) lifeless

A5. In what version of the answer content of the second sentence is opposed to the content of the first?

1) instead of the reserve - the desert. Ripped uncomfortable wound, pain and dead silence.

2) The war approached Berlin in all its increasing strength and merciless. The earth revived.

3) You are easier, you have a birdhouse, but I have nothing. Well, even though you sing, everything is more fun ...

4) The first nanny house was restored. In 1949, Pushkin's house was rebuilt and the solemn opening of the reserve was held.

A6. Choose a faithful continuation of the answer to the question: "Why does the author of the text call the hero named and the patronymic?" This form name says

1) about the old age of the hero.

A7. Specify which means artistic expressiveness Contained in the fifth (5) of the text of the text. He knew him for a long time as an employee of the Pushkin House, as the keeper of Peterhof Palaces; Valued this who does not know the peace of the scientist who can think and act.

1) comparison 3) metaphor

2) periprase 4) metonimia

Answers to tasks B1-B14 write down wordsand figures, separating them if you need commas.

IN 1.Replace colloquial word ownedfrom offer 12 stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

AT 2. From Proposals 14-16, write out the word with the alternating vowel at the root.

IN 3.From Proposals 2-6, write out the word, whose spelling is determined by the Rule: "After the console, ending on the consonant letter, instead and writes";

AT 4.From Proposals 1-4, write down the words in which the spelling is determined by the rule: "One letter is - in words formed from smoothlifting verbs and not having explanatory words."

AT 5.From Proposals 11 - 12, write down on the left, the spelling of the consoles in which is determined by the rule: "It is not written to the end of the console, if after it follows the letter denoting the deaf consonant."

AT 6.From Proposition 21, write out the word formed by the suffix.

AT 7.In the proposal below, all commas are numbered from the read text. Remove the digit (s), denoting (s) comma (s) with a separate definition, expressed by the involvement of the trap. And among this festive, (1) delighted and enchanted crowd, then, (2), then there was a dry high figure of a sharp in the movements of a person with an expressive sharp face, (3) with a good smile and thick influx of blond hair, (4) falling on eyes.

AT 8.In the proposal below, all commas are numbered from the read text. Write the digit that denotes the comma between the parts of the complex supply.

Their multi-voice voices, (1) reinforced by reproductors, (2) were soved in the washed raminine greenery, (3) and they listened to the fiest festive crowds of people and in Svyatogorsky himself, (4) near the grave of the poet, (5) and in Mikhailovsky, ( 6) On a wide meadow at the entrance to the estate.

AT 9.From Proposition 19, write down the phrase built on the basis of communication management.

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Write out the grammatical foundation of Proposition 31.

AT 11.Among the proposals 12-16, find the offer with the appeal. Write the number of this offer.

AT 12.Proposals 17-24 find an offer with homogeneous submission. Write the number of this offer.

B13.Among the proposals 25-30 find complex offers. Write the numbers of these offers.

B14.From Proposition 26, write down the lead.

Part 3.

Using the read text 2, follow only one of the tasks on a separate signed list: from 2.1 or from 2.2.

C2.1

Check out the opinion of Ivan and Vladimir about the use of unions. Ivan: "The author uses writing and supervisory unions. But can not be able to do only by the subordinate unions? "

Vladimir: "When writing text, written, and subordination unions are needed."

Help Vladimir to prove his point of view. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: "Unions and their role in the text."

Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: "Keeper of the National Ship."