Possessive and adjective French. Possessive adjectives in French: their distinctive features and characteristics. The role of possessive adjectives in language

An adjective in both Russian and French is a part of speech that is used to denote a feature of an object. In French, it has the grammatical categories of gender and number. And it also agrees with the nouns to which they relate.
According to their meaning and grammatical features, adjectives are divided into several categories.
The so-called adjectives (Adjectifs possessifs) in French change their forms depending on the number of owners and the objects they own.
One owner and one item:
1st person: male / female gender - mon / ma (my / my / mine);
Mon journal - my newspaper / ma robe - my outfit.
2nd person: male / female gender - ton / ta (yours / yours / yours);
Ton journal - your newspaper / ta robe - your outfit.
3rd person: male / female gender - son / sa (his / her);
Son journal - her newspaper, his newspaper / sa robe - his / her outfit.

One owner and multiple items:
1st person: male / female genus - mes (mine);
Mes journaux are my newspapers.
2nd person: male / female clan - tes (yours);
Tes robes are your dresses.
3rd person: male / female genus - ses (his / her).
Ses robes - his / her dresses.

Multiple owners and one item:
1st person - notre (ours);
2nd person - votre (yours);
3rd person - leur (them).

Nous pensons à notre avenir et ils pensent au leur. We think about our (our) future, they are also about theirs (theirs).

Multiple owners and multiple items:
1st person - nos (ours);
2nd person - vos (yours);
3rd person - leurs (them).

In order to avoid confusion of vowels in front of feminine nouns that begin with a consonant or dumb h, it is customary to use masculine forms: mon amie (my friend), habitude (your habit), son énergie - (his / her energy), son hypothèse - (his / her guess).

Possessive adjectives in French always stand before a noun, while the latter is used without an article:
Je parle à ma soeur. I am talking to my sister.
Il a fait part de ses nouvelles. He shared his news.

Possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they define, but also in person and number with the "owner" to which they refer:
Je lave ma voiture. I wash my car.
Ils admiraient leurs voisins. They adored their neighbors.

A possessive adjective is repeated before each noun if it refers to several:
Sa soeur et sa femme l`aimaient beaucoup.
His sister and (his) wife loved him very much.

The possessive adjective can be used only once in stable phrases and when listing:
à ses risques et périls (at your own risk)
Ses frères et soeurs l`aimaient beaucoup.
His brothers and sisters loved him very much.

A possessive adjective may also not be repeated before several adjectives related to the same subject:
notre unique et fidèle ami

A possessive adjective can be replaced by a definite article when the belonging relation is obvious:
Il lui a serré la main. He shook his (his) hand.

The definite article can replace the possessive adjective before the circumstance of the course of action:
Il peut le faire les yeux fermés. He can do it with his eyes closed.

What in French is called possessive pronouns, in Russian it is customary to call possessive adjectives - that is, this is the part of speech that answers the question "whose?" Of course, there are also possessive pronouns in French, but we will talk about them another time.

Rules for using possessive adjectives

So, possessive adjectives have categories of gender and number and depend on the noun to which they refer.

Possessive adjectives are placed before the noun.

Possessive adjectives table:

The translation into Russian will also depend on the gender of the noun, if the noun is feminine, then - "mine, yours, hers", if masculine - then "mine, yours, his." Remember that the gender of nouns in Russian and French does not match! For example:
J'ai une chambre, c'est ma chambre.- I have a room, this is my room.
Ce sont tes livres.- These are your books.

For feminine singular nouns that begin with a vowel or dumb h, the masculine form mon, ton, son is used. For example:
mon amie- my girlfriend, son histoire- his story.

The unpronounceable "s" in possessive plural pronouns becomes pronounced and reads like [z]: mes amis.

Pay attention to the possible discrepancy between the Russian translation and the French equivalent. For example: very often we can say “he brought his book”, “they read their newspapers”. In both cases, different French adjectives are required: Il a apporté sa livre. Ils lisent leurs journals.

Let's summarize the material of the lesson with practice.

Lesson assignments

Exercise 1. Translate into French.
1. her daughter 2. our homes 3. their friend 4. my city 5. your suitcase 6. his child 7. my textbooks 8. her pencil 9. my chair 10. your parents

Answer 1.
1.sa fille 2.nos maisons 3.leur ami 4.ma ville 5.vorte valise 6.son enfant 7.mes manuels 8.son crayon 9.mon fauteuil 10.tes parents

Table 26

They are always used before a noun without an article and agree with it in gender and number, as well as with the person to whom it refers. When listed, they are repeated before each noun.

LES ADJECTIFS INTERROGATIFS QUESTIONAL APPENDICES

Table 27

They are always used before a noun without an article and agree with it in gender and number.

LES ADJECTIFS IND? FINIS UNSERTAINED APPENDICES

They give an idea of ​​the quality and number of nouns to which they relate.

Table 28

LES EXERCICES POUR LA RETENUE DE LA MATI? RE? TUDI? E EXERCISES TO RECEIVE THE STUDIED MATERIAL

26. Mettez au f? Minin (put in feminine).

Le plafond est blanc - la porte est ... Le tableau est noir - la serviette est ... Le plancher est jaune - la chaise est ... L'abat-jour est vert - la feuille est ... Le chapeau est brun - la robe est ...

Le chat gris - la chatte ... Le fils ch? Ri - la fille ... L'homme savant - la femme ... Le petit fr? Re - la ... s? Ur

L'air gai - la chanson ... L'ami fid? Le - l'ami ...

Correct answers (les r? Ponses): blanche, noire, jaune, verte, brune, grise, ch? Rie, savante, petite, gaie, fid? Le.

27.? Crivez les substantifs f? Minins avec les adjectifs suivants (write the following adjectives with feminine nouns).

Beau, chaud, plein, app? Tissant, court, joyeux, vieux, entier, maladif, triste, mineur, faux, actif, bas, vrai, gros, fran? Ais, mauvais, d? Licat, doux, nouveau, neuf, bon, fou, sec, frais, l? ger, grec.

Correct answers (les r? Ponses): belle, chaude, pleine, app? Tissante, courte, joyeuse, vieille, enti? Re, maladive, triste, mineuse, fausse, active, basse, vraie, grosse, fran? Aise, mauvaise , d? licate, douce, nouvelle, neuve, belle, folle, s? che, fra? che, l? g? re, grecque.

28. Accordez l'article et l'adjectif (match the article with the adjective).

(Un) automne (tardif), (un)? Pith? Te (? Logieux), (un) program (complet), (un) espace (resteint), de (grand) m? Rites, (un) insigne (distinctif ), (un) injure (grossier), (un) orage (d? vastateur), (un) atmosph? re (? touffant), (un)? loge

(m? rit?), (un) argile (frais), (un) embl? me (original), (un)? pigramme (spirituel), (un) (grand) honneur, les (premier) perce-neige, (un) (bref) intervalle, (un) tribu (franc), (un) incendie (violent), (un) esp? ce (nouveau), (un)? pisode (curieux), (un)? nigme (cruel ), (un) asile (s? r).

29. Mettez au f? Minin (put in feminine).

Il? Tait obligeant et rieur. Il semblait triste, inquiet, anxieux. Le conci? Rge, soup? Onneux, presque agressif, arr? Te le jeune homme. Son fils est doux, discret, ob? It sans parler. Il rentrait chez lui, p? Le de faim, mais l? Ger, alerte, du sourire? la l? vre. Invit? ? boir le caf ?, Michel, cordial, affable, compr? hensif, n'arrivait jamais les mains vides. On lui en savait gr ?. Le patron, petit, gros, gras, joufflu, rumine de triste pens? Es. Il? Tait courtaud, grassouillet, remuant, prompt au sourire. C '? Tait un paysan bourguignon, encore beau? quarante ans.

30.? Crivez les adjectifs correctement (write the attachments correctly).

Je tenais (secret) ma d? Couverte. Chacune de ces trois (grand) divisions de Paris? Tait une ville, mais une ville trop (sp? Cial) pour? Tre (complet). Il avait la machoire (inf? Rieur) (saillant), le nez l? G? Rement? Cras ?. Il faisait un froid sec. La lune, (plein) en ce moment, avait des clart? S (aigu), (particulier) aux lunes d'hivers. C ’? Tait un gar? On? l'air vigoureux, dont la bouche (fin) et la peau encore (d? licat) annon? aient la jeunesse. Il? Tait de taille (moyen). Une discussion (vif), (anim?), Peu (courtois), grossier m? Me s'engagea. Il parlait presque toujours par phrases (bref, sibyllin). Il portait des v? Tements (noir), de forme (d? Suet). Jacques avait une fa? On d? Couter, (patient), (s? Rieux), (discret), qui lui attirait toujours les confidences. Il avait d'abord? Cout ?, sans pouvoir se d? Fendre d'une d? Lectation (subtil), cette voix (appuy ?, douloureux, excessif) o? il retrouvait son Jacques de toujours. C ’? Tait une brise (mou), (ti? De), (paisible), une brise de printemps.

31. Traduisez en fran? Ais (translate into French).

Do you speak french? He knocks hard on the door. He works hard, he passes the exam. This costume is expensive. She speaks good English. Our city is small. Look at my room, it is bright and large. This is a kind woman, she has a good character. I live in a neighboring house. This street is wide. This land is dry. Our new student is very active. I love our old park. Please give me these French magazines. Do you have a lot of foreign books in your library? In our group, all students are attentive. There are many new houses in our neighborhood. She has long brown hair. He wears black boots. These are his own poems.

32.? Crivez les adjectifs au pluriel (write plural adjectives).

Final, mural, gris, bleu, natal belle, heureux, beau,? Tranger, bref, doux, inter? Ssant, neuf, vieille, vieil, longue, nouvelle, attentif, profond, rouge, neuve, mural, vert, fin, large, court, c? l? bre, grand, petit.

Correct answers (les r? Ponses): finals, muraux, gris, bleus, natals, belles, heureux, beaux,? Trangers, brefs, doux, int? Ressants, neufs, vieilles, vieux, longues, nouvelles, attentifs, profonds, rouges, neuves, muraux, verts, fins, larges, courts, c? l? bres, grands, petits.

33. Ecrivez les adjectifs correctement (write the adjectives correctly).

Les feuilles du pin et du sapin sont tr? S (aigu). Les fleurs (artificiel) sont rarement aussi (beau) que les fleurs (automnal). Les? Ventails japonais sont tr? S (? L? Gant) et (beau). Leurs projets sont (fou). La malade se porte mal. Le m? Decin constate des troubles (mental). Cet amiral a pris part? de (nombreux) combats (naval). On leur donne souvent des devoirs (oral)? pr? parer. Peut-on oublier les sites (natal)? Il faut arracher les herbes (fou) de ce carr? de fleurs. Les (nouveau) amis se s? Par? Rent avec regret. Il a bien r? Pondu aux questions (oral). Les fr? Res (jumeau) avaient les yeux (bleu) et les (cheveu chatain). On organization souvent des expositions de (meilleur journal mural). Les aurores (bor? Al) sont des ph? Nom? Nes lumineux propres surtout aux pays (septentrional). Les voyelles sont (long) et (bref), (nasal) et (clair). Bien que tres vif et petulant, il evitait les (jeu brutal).

34. Accordez les adjectifs (agree on adjectives).

Elle allait (nu) -pieds, dans la neige, si doucement qu'on n'entendait rien. Pendant pr? S d'une (demi) -heure, il demeura immobile, les yeux fix? S sur une masse d'ombre, songeur. Ce chemin, courant entre les enclos des paysans, joignait, une (demi) -

lieue plus loin, la grande route du Havre? F? Camp. ? a et l? sur la berge une cabane d ’? clusier, des enfants courants pieds (nu) sur les barresde l’? cluse. La jeune fille, pieds (nu) sur le carreau, allait et venait par la chambre. Je l'ai attendu une heure et (demi). C '? Tait un vaste espace (nu),? Clair? par de (grand) verri? res (bleu). ? quatre heures et (demi) du matin les voyageurs se r? unirent dans la cour de l'H? tel de Normandie. La porte du grenier s'ouvrit brusquement, et la foresti? Re parut, (nu) -pieds, en chemise, une chandelle? la main, l'air affol ?.

35. Traduisez en fran? Ais (translate into French).

I can give you an answer in half an hour. The lesson lasts an hour and a half. As a child, I loved to run barefoot on the sand. If you want to make a dress with long sleeves, buy three and a half meters of fabric. She washed: her bare hands were covered with soap suds. My little sister is six and a half years old. In winter and summer, she walks bareheaded. I bought two and a half kilos of apples. She spent a year and a half in the south. His mother and father are not old yet. The plays and novels of this author are very interesting. My coat and dress are too wrinkled. When he got home, his boots and trousers were splattered with mud.

36. Accordez es adjectifs compos? S (agree complex adjectives).

Je n'aime pas ses paroles (aigre-doux). Elle n'est pas (franc). Une fillete (demi-v? Tu) ouvrit la porte au m? Decin. ? droite,? gauche, des roches sont (gris– bleu). La jeune femme? Tait v? Tue d'une robe (bleu clair). Les roses (frais? Clos) ont un parfum merveilleux. J'aime les cerises. Elles sont (aigre-doux). Les? Toffes (rose tendre), (bleu p? Le), (gris claire) se fanent facilement. Les yeux (grand ouvert), j'admirais mon vieil ami qui cataloguait. Elle avait les cheveux (blond cendr?). Ils demeur? Rent seuls, pr? S de la porte d'entr? E (grand ouvert). On ne vend que des fleurs toutes (frais cueilli) et m? Me (frais? Clos). Il se passionne? capter les ondes (ultra-court). Il existe des? Coles pour les enfants (sourd-muet), on y r? Alise des choses? Tonnantes.

37. Mettez les adjectifs au comparatif ou au superlatif (put adjectives in comparative or superlative degree).

Cette rue est (large) que la rue Pouchkine. C'est (? Troite) rue de notre ville. Ce mus? E est (c? L? Bre) que le Palais du Louvre. C'est (court) chemin pour aller? ce village. Moscou est (grand) que Saratov. Ces jeunes filles sont (appliqu? Es) de tout le groupe. La Russie est (grand) que la France. En hivers les jours sont (longs) qu'en? T ?. C'est (bon)? L? Ve de notre groupe. Elle a? T? tr? s malade; (petit) bruit l'aga? ait. C'est (beau) journ? E de ma vie. Le Luxembourg est (petit) pays de l'Europe. Ce sont (bon) sportif de notre? Quipe. Il surveillait (petit) paroles de ses interlicuteurs.

Correct answers (les r? Ponses): plus large, la plus? Troite, moins, le plus court, plus grand, les plus appliqu? Es, plus grande, plus longs, le plus bon, le plus petit, la plus belle, le plus petit, les plus bons, les plus petites.

38. Traduisez en fran? Ais (translate into French).

This room is larger and brighter than mine. This book is more interesting than the one you gave me. My suitcase is smaller than yours, but heavier. My best friend is leaving tomorrow. The Volga is the longest river in Europe. What's the best translation? This is the most interesting book I've ever read. This girl is more attentive and more diligent than her brother. Fruits are more expensive this year than last year. This is the best singer I've ever heard. I'll tell you an even more amazing story.

Who is the most attentive and diligent student in the class? This story is easier than you think. The Loire is wider than the Rhone, but less fast. The air is cleaner in the mountains than in the valleys. Nekrasov's poems are better known than his prose. The smallest were seated in the first row. He seems older than his brother, but they are twins.

39. Remplacez les points par les adjectifs possessifs (replace the blanks with possessive adjectives).

Tu habite avec ... parents. J'aime ... m? Re. J'aime ... enfants. Ils aiment ... enfants. Tu as un cahier, c'est ... cahier. Il a trois crayons, ce sont ... crayons. Ils ont trois chambers, ce sont ... chambers.

Correct answers (les r? Ponses): tes, ma, mes, leurs, ton, tes, leurs.

40. Traduisez en fran? Ais (translate into French).

I think about my wife and children. Duroy was now living in a new house, where he had transported his suitcase. At the opposite end of the hallway, I spot my wife and daughter. Everyone is doing their duty. I recognize my daughter by her red coat. I can't find my gloves. I have to visit my sick friend. We will never forget our French friends. Jean looked at his watch. When do you take your literature exam? Where did you put your notebooks? You are never happy with your pronunciation. They went to their friends. The teacher scolds me for my handwriting. My friends are taking an exam tomorrow.

41. Formez des phrases (make up phrases).

42. Traduisez les phrases (translate phrases).

Je peux le faire moi-m? Me. Je vais au travail tous les jours. Je n'ai aucune besoin de ton aide. Nous avons fait ces exercices plusieurs fois. Je vois mes parents chaque jour. C'est la plus grande maison du coron. Il boit aussi sobrement qu'il mange. Carmen? Tait plus jolie que toutes les femmes de sa nation que j'aie jamais rencontr? Es. Une bruit tombait, plus froide et plus p? N? Trante que la pluie. Jonnas apporte ses meilleurs vins. Jacqueline est ma meilleure copine. Debout elle? Tait aussi haute que sa grand-m? Re. Il? Tait devenu presque aussi nerveux que son compagnon. De ce que l'un? Tait l? G? Rement plus grand que l'autre, on conclut quil? Tait l? A? N ?. D? J? la souffrance devenait moins aigu ?. Fernand, que tu vois, est un des meilleurs p? Cheurs de Marseille.

43.? Crivez correctement "m? Me", "quelque", "tout", "certain", "tel", "nul", "maint" (write the correct pronouns).

La nuit? Tait noire. (Quelque) gouttes de pluie tombaient. (Tel) est la verit ?. Les enfants? Taient (tout) yeux et (tout) oreilles aux r? Cits de leur ma? Tre. Je vous rapporte ses paroles (tel quel). Comme elle avait? T? ? l'op? ra, une nuit d'hivers, elle rentra (tout) frissonnante. (Tel) fut mon entr? E dans Paris. ? (certain) regards,? (certain) r? flexion,? (certain) mots dissimulant mal leur signification v? ritable, il lui? tait arriv? de se sentir d? couvert. (Tel)? Taient les affreuses images, les songes de malade que la peur assemblait dans mon imagination. La chaumi? Re? Tait isol? E et (tout) basse sous de vieux h? Tres. Les ruisselets, (m? Me) les plus petits, finissent par porter leurs eaux? la mer. Petit Pierre, debout, ouvrait (tout) grands ses yeux profonds, ayant peur lui aussi. Les plus habiles s ’? Taient? Gar? S en (maint) endroits. C ’? Tait (tout) les jours, (tout) les nuits, le (m? Me) souffle r? Gulier, ti? De, exquis? respirer, et la (m? me) mer transparente.

44. Traduisez en fran? Ais (translate into French).

What watch did you buy? Do you know what answer he gave? What kind of students are you going to Paris? What interesting magazines he showed us! What a great exhibition! What are your plans? What a pleasant surprise! What is his state of health? She did not receive any letter. He will leave in a few days. He has no news of his brother. She doesn't go anywhere. Some animals sleep all winter. They live a few steps from the train station. I spoke to him about this several times. He didn't notice any changes. I'm a little tired today. I have no desire to go to the cinema today. These girls traveled all alone. Each child in kindergarten has its own locker. They could come for him every minute. Many students take part in the work of this circle. I don't see him anywhere.

45. Remplacez les points par les adjectifs "tout", "m? Me", "quelque", "quel" (replace the blanks with the appropriate adjectives).

Une heure ... les ateliers? Taient ferm? S ... les maison et ... les rues d? Sertes. Les braves chiens de berger ... suants ... affair? S apr? S leurs b? Tes, ne voient qu'elles ... les fen? Tres des fa? Ades s? Clairaient. De ... c? T? les lampes luisaient. La robe de cette fille? Tait ... mouil? E de l'eau. Nous sort? Mes; ... le village? Tait dans les rues. Elle? Tait ... frissonnante et se serrait contre moi au moindre bruit. Les enfants revinrent ... en larmes me conter ce qu’ils avaient vu ... les? Lev? S sont sages et appliqu? Es. Rose ferme sa porte? clef, se jette ... habill? e sue le lit, et, sa t? te brune enfouie dans l'oreiller, sanglote? perdument ... les probl? mes et ...

les questions soulev? s par le proc? s doivent? tre envisag? s. Elle ... p? Les se sont prises par la main, comme au-devant de la morte ... nuit lumineuse et bruyante? Santa Lucia? Je me mis? regarder Mademoiselle Perle: ...? ge avait-elle? Cet avion fait ... huits kilom? Tres? l'heure. Antoinette lui dit ... impertinence. On ne rencontrait dans les rues que ... rares passant. Les hommes ... les plus intelligents ont souvent besoin de conseils. Ils revenaient toujours sur les ... histoires.

46. ​​Remplacez les points par les adjectifs d? Monstratifs (replace omissions with demonstrative pronouns).

Et toujours l'on avait sous les yeux ... paysage de mer ... l'horizont illimit? ... en ciel bleu absolu, si pur, si propre, et ... mer, plus bleue encore, d'un bleu qui est presque noir les jours de temp? te. Ils? Taient si singuliers et si charmants, sur le pav? ... trois blonds v? Tus pauvrement de noir ... fille triste entre ... joli enfant et ... gar? On superbe, que les passants se retournaient avec des sourires. Dans ... petit coin remis neuf ... airs de danse ... tapage ... gaiet? d? bordante et triviale me serraient le c? ur. Elle avait bien ... air faussement doux ... amabilit? obs? quieuse des gens habitu? s au commerce. En entrant j'etais? Bloui ... cuivres ...? Tains ... r? Flecteurs de m? Tal blanc ... murs de cristal bomb? qui tournaient avec de grands cercles bleu? tres, tout ... miroitement, tout ... cliquetis de lumi? re me donnait un moment de vertige. Vous connaissez ... jolie griserie de l ’? Me n’est-ce pas?

it is yours husband?(possessive adjective)
Yes this my. (possessive pronoun)

Possessive - this means to some word, as it were, attracted (attraction), that is, indicate that who owns.

First of all does not exist the words "your own, yours, yours." For the French, this is too abstract, they like to emphasize the clear belonging of the subject (mine, yours, ours ...).

In French, there are several answers to the question “Whose? Whose? Whose?":

A qui est ce livre? - Whose book is this?
Il est à moi. - She is mine. (using a stressed pronoun with a preposition)
C "est mon livre. - This is my book. (Using a possessive adjective)
C "est le mien. - This is mine. (Using the possessive pronoun)

As you can see, in contrast to the Russian language, where, having given two answers to a similar question, we both times use the same word "mine", in French in the same position two different words: mon and le mien.

What is the difference?

Adjectives must necessarily be attached to a noun, that is, they do not exist without it. And they will be of the same kind and numbers as it is (as in Russian):

Mon fils. - My son.
Ta fille. - Your daughter.

And pronouns always stand by themselves, after them there will be no noun. They will be of the same kind and number as the word they are replaced:

C "est le mien. - This is my (son).
C "est la tienne. - This is your (daughter).

Je n "ai pas de stylos, tu pourras me prêter le tien? - I have no pen, you can lend me your?
Mon train est parti à l "heure, le sien est en retard. - My train left on time his(the train) is delayed.
Vous avez une belle voiture, la nôtre est toujours en panne. - You have a beautiful car our still broken.
Cette maison est aussi chouette que la vôtre. - This house is as wonderful as your.

Attention!

Il a son manuel. C "est le sien. - He has his textbook. This is his (tutorial).
Elle a son manuel. C "est le sien. - She has her textbook. This is her (textbook).

It doesn't matter "with her" or "with him"! It is important what kind and numbers in French the word "textbook" itself is. Therefore, in both cases, son manuel / le sien.

And we, of course, will translate into Russian the way it should sound in Russian :). In one case, “ his textbook ", and in another case" her textbook".

Elle a sa fille. C "est la sienne. - She has ( her) daughter... This is her (daughter).
Il a sa fille. C "est la sienne. - He has ( his) daughter... This is his (daughter).

In the case of the word "children", there is a plural agreement:

Il a ses e nfants. Ce sont les siens. - He has ( his) children... These are his (children).
Elle a ses enfants. Ce sont les siens. - She has ( her) children... These are her (children).
Ils ont leur enfant. C "est le leur. - They have ( their) child... This is their (child).
Ils ont leurs enfants. Ce sont les leurs. - They have ( their) children... These are their (children).

Since in the forms of possessive pronouns there is an article (le mien, la tienne, les leurs ...), important remember that:

if after the prepositionà there is a possessive pronoun with the article le or les (like a noun with the article le or les), then they merge with each other and give new forms:

a + le = au
à + les = aux

Est-ce que tu écris à tes parents? Moi, j "écris aux miens. (À + les miens) - Are you writing to your parents? I write my.
Est-ce que tu donnes des conseils a ton mari? Moi, je donne des conseils au mien. (a + le mien) - Do you give advice to your husband? I give advice to my.

if after the preposition de is a possessive pronoun with the article le or les (like a noun with the article le or les), then they merge with each other and give new forms:

de + le = du
de+ les = des

Je n "aime pas la couleur de mon pull, j" aime la couleur du vôtre. (de + le vôtre) - I don't like the color of my sweater, I like the color your his.
C "est la réponse de mes amis. Et c" est la réponse des vôtres. (de + les vôtres) - This is the answer of my friends. And this is the answer yours.

You probably already understood that the French are great aesthetes, and in the language they also constantly strive for the beauty of sound.

So, exclusively for the beauty of sound before nouns beginning on a vowel or unpronounceable h, use possessive adjectives male gender (even if the word itself is feminine):

une école - school (f.)
mon école - my school

If you need voice explanations of this grammatical topic, as well as an additional set of exercises, you can find it in our audio course.

Look! My parents gave me rollers for my birthday, and my grandmother - sneakers!

To each his own. Imagine that you are at a party and someone asks you:

Is this your glass or mine?

It's your. Mine is already empty.

There are situations when you cannot do without these words, otherwise there will be misunderstandings ...

• indicate the belonging of one or several items to one or more owners;
• have the following forms:

Mon, ton, son are also used before feminine names that begin with a vowel or h mute. Compare:

un réveil / mon réveil - my alarm clock

une table / ma table - my table

une école / mon école - my school

• replacing the article are consistent:

° in gender and number with a name indicating the subject of possession

In contrast to the Russian possessive pronoun, the possessive adjective in French is not oriented towards the owner's gender (cf. “his house”, “her house” - “his life”, “her life”). In French, the gender of the noun in question is decisive:

° in person and number with a word indicating the owner of the item

Roger a passé son examen. Roger passed mine exam.

Il a passé ses examens. He passed their exams.

Roger et daniel ont passé leur examen Roger and Daniel passed itsand exam.

Ils ont passé leurs examens. They passed their exams.

Compare the use of possessive adjectives in French and possessive pronouns in Russian:

Je ferme mon manuel. I am closing my / my tutorial.
Tu fermes ton manuel. You close your / your textbook.

II / elle ferme son manuel. He (she) closes his textbook.

Nous fermons notre manuel We are closing our / our tutorial.

Vous fermez votre manuel. You close your / your tutorial.

Ils / elles ferment leur manuel. They close their textbook.

When comparing French adjectifs possessifs and Russian pronominal possessive adjectives, one should first of all note a number of their significant differences in morphological and functional terms, related in general to the peculiarities of the grammatical structure of the French and Russian languages.

1. The use of adjectifs possessifs, like other determinants, in French is much wider than the use of the corresponding possessive pronouns in Russian. Therefore, individual uses of adjectifs possessifs in Russian will correspond to either zero equivalents or personal pronouns in case forms characteristic of the synthetic structure of the Russian language.

2. In the singular, French adjectifs possessifs always agree in gender with the noun denoting the object of possession: monlivre — mand maison, tonlivre- tamaison, sonlivre- samaison.

In Russian, such coordination is characteristic only of the first and second person forms: my home is my book, your home is your book, our home is our book, your home is your book. In the third person singular of the owner, the choice of the gender form depends on the subject of possession, for example: sonlivre- his / her book... In the plural of the owner, this opposition is neutralized in Russian, as well as in French: leurlivre, maison- their book, home.

The ambiguity of son, s a may entail in French the need to use additional means to express possessiveness:

- Elle m'a dit qu'elle aurait été heureuse de lе revoir avant son mariage. - She told me that she would be glad to see him again before the wedding.

- Avant son mariage à elle ou avant son mariage à lui? - Before her wedding or his?

3. In the Russian language there is a universal returnable form of the possessive, the functioning of which changes the entire paradigm of Russian possessive pronominal adjectives in comparison with adjectifs possessifs.

4. In all cases of the use of adjectifs possessifs in the possessive meaning with homogeneous members of the sentence, the repetition of Russian possessive pronouns is optional and, as a rule, in Russian, the possessive pronoun is used only before the first of the homogeneous members:

Et son malaise son besoin de départ augmentaient. Her anxiety and desire to leave grew stronger.