Types of creative activities presentation. Kinds of art. Drawing up a chain of associations

Brief description: An artist is a person who makes his living by drawing. Although artistic creativity may not generate income (like Van Gogh), if this is the main type of activity, then such a person can still be considered a representative of this profession.

Personal qualities and abilities creative personality rich imagination the ability to perceive and distinguish a wide range of colors and their shades originality, resourcefulness developed spatial-figurative thinking independence observation (the ability to notice even minor details and shortcomings) openness to perceive new things a sense of harmony and taste

Medical contraindications: problems with color vision, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, especially impaired hand movement. (Although there are also cases where people who have no hands at all became artists! They were able to learn to hold instruments with their mouths or feet, and the work they produced was very talented). significant decrease in visual acuity; allergy to paints and solvents.

Working hours: The working day of an artist is often associated with maximum freedom. There is even the expression “free artist”; it is applied not only to representatives of this profession, but to all those who can afford not to adhere to a schedule, but to work according to inspiration, whenever and however their heart desires. Indeed, some artists live like this: they create in the studio or at home, outdoors or on the street. Their workday can be spent at a computer or at a desk, at an easel or on scaffolding, standing or sitting, and sometimes even lying down! You can work to order, looking for clients and/or distribution channels for your works on your own, or in various companies. Freelance artists have the opportunity to submit their works to various galleries and shops.

Social significance: if the work of artists is in demand, this means that people have everything they need for life and they can afford the hobby of thinking and talking about art. In other words, the passion for fine arts depends on the economic situation in the country.

Demand on the labor market: What is more in demand is not painters who create monumental canvases, but specialists in decorative and applied arts, graphic designers. However, real works of art are always appreciated, and with the appearance of a name, the value of the artist’s work increases greatly. Some artists have customers waiting in line for years, and their works cost exorbitant amounts of money. There is also the prospect of opening my own art salon and studio.

Design

This is a clearly presented system of methods for connecting and interacting parts of a product, as well as the material from which these parts should be made. If the design is an invention, i.e. a new, previously non-existent engineering solution, then its innovative nature must be documented and the discovery patented. Therefore, every inventor, so as not to open
Americas
, must be an erudite specialist with a good understanding of what is being done in his field.
Creative
In action

Ideas for creativity
life itself throws you, you don’t need to invent them! Tell the world about your desire to write a novel/painting, make a panel out of straw, or sew a doll. How to declare? Whatever you like best: you can write down your intention in large multi-colored letters in your diary, you can shout it in an open field, you can sing it or compose a ditty-declaration. That's all.
See the world with your eyes wide open
, live your life, look at the horizon more often, write daily and take a walk alone. Thousands of ideas will come to your mind! Don’t rely on memory, always keep a notepad with you and write down even the strangest and completely misunderstood thoughts. And here either quantity will one day turn into quality, or a rare pearl will be found among the river sand, or, as happens most often, both will happen.
And the last thing...
Don't treat
developing your creative abilities
like a serious event. The search for inner treasures is an exciting game, and not a scientific expedition to the depths of our
unconscious
. Play lightly and cheerfully, and let enjoyment be the main criterion.
Creation

Creation
- this is an activity that generates something qualitatively new and is distinguished by uniqueness, originality and socio-historical uniqueness. Creativity is specific to humans, since it always presupposes a creator - a subject of creative activity.
"Creativity is an activity
aimed at creating something
fundamentally new. Exactly
This is the value of every creator."
The creative process, in particular technical creativity, is always carried out in stages and includes the following procedures:
Awareness of contradictions, creation and justification of ideas;
Technical development of the task and practical work on it (design and construction);
Testing an object in operation and evaluating the result of a creative solution.

The first procedure ends with the creation of a general plan, idea, concept for solving the problem (the general principle of operation of systems of this type).
Construction

This is the development of a detailed diagram of the implementation of the intended object (system) and working drawings of all parts and individual parts of the machine.

First, a prototype is made according to preliminary drawings and calculations. Next, all calculations are clarified, working drawings and technical documentation are drawn up for their use in production. The result of design is a specific design of the product.
Meditation in motion

In the religious traditions of the world, walking is considered a kind of meditation. English poets were famous lovers of wandering through alleys in search of a muse. Augustine the Blessed wrote: “
Save yourself by walking
", Søren Kierkegaard warned: "Never deny yourself a walk: I walk every day, all my best ideas came to me while walking." The measured rhythm of walking calms the mind and allows the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with each other. At this time, you fantasize and dream, problems are solved by themselves, and a way out of any dead end is found without effort. Daily walking is the time when you pay attention to your inner child, your inner artist - and he will take care of filling your consciousness with new images.
The concept of creativity and the development of creative abilities
Prepared by a technology teacher at Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 12 in Magnitogorsk
Zemlyanskaya
Elena Nikolaevna
Development of creative abilities

Who is she,
creative person
? First of all, he is a versatile person, open to everything new and not afraid of change. There is a child in each of us, dreamy and enthusiastic. He wants to play and do stupid things. So take a step towards yourself, your
inner child
who is already tired of the idleness and boredom of your insipid spiritual life. Promise yourself to sign up for some courses every six months and learn the basics of this or that art. Remember how Richard's hero
Gira
at a very advanced age I made my first dance steps. Remember how Louise
Hey
, being retired, enrolled in an art school. Try new things, don't be afraid to seem clumsy or amateur.
Learn the basics of several types of dances
, several styles of drawing... and even basket weaving! Do not strive for perfection - this is a false and boring path. Just learn new things, go forward and look for your own. One day during this inspired journey (when you yourself forget that you are looking for your
talent
), you will definitely find what attracts you most. Who knows, maybe the teddy bears you sew will be sold at auctions, and Irish dancing will forever remain a pleasant and favorite hobby.
Technical creativity.
Technical creativity

involves obtaining new results in the field of technology in the form of technical ideas, drawings, drawings embodied in real technical objects.
The design process can be represented as follows:
Research search for the best solution to a technical problem;
Formulation of technical specifications;
Technical proposal (advanced project);
Schematic design;
Technical design;
Detailed design.
There are different types of creativity:
scientific
,
technical
,
artistic
. The stages and procedures of the creative process are most easily illustrated using examples of technical creativity.

From this excursion into technical creativity it is clear that the main qualities necessary for success in any business are:
creative mind
,
focus on creativity
,
willingness to solve emerging problems and problems
, and the most seemingly unexpected ones. Psychology has created effective algorithms and methods for solving problems that develop creative abilities.
Thank you for your attention!

Originality
lies in the necessity of a creative product for the creator himself or for society. I will note that the more valuable is the creativity that is important first for the creator, and then for society. Otherwise, when creating for others, the creator sometimes loses himself, loses much of what he likes and what is dear to him. Thus, he curtails his freedom and becomes dependent on society. The end result may be a loss of love for your work. And love is the most valuable thing in creativity. It needs to be protected and increased.

Socio-historical uniqueness
is a function of creativity. The fact is that any creativity reflects not only the creator, but also the stage of development of society as a whole, historical events, contradictions in society, the tasks of humanity and much more. Creativity not only describes society in a certain period, but also preserves and makes it possible to understand its spirit in a certain period of time. For example, to fully understand the history of the 16th century, it is necessary to get acquainted and study the literature, science and works of art of this period, etc.
Society selects and preserves only those creations that most fully reflect a certain stage of development of society. Therefore, the better and more complete the creativity, the more important it is for society and for future generations. For this reason, many creators try to generalize, and the higher the degree of generalization, the more significant a person is for society. Creators who have managed to generalize sufficiently are considered great.
For example,
Antonio Carlos
Jobima
, who not only created many magnificent works, but also founded a whole movement in jazz - Bossa Nova, which is admired by the whole world. In Brazil
Jobima
considered a national hero.
Design

This is the development and justification of a machine design abstracted from the material form. Design precedes construction and represents a search for scientifically sound, technically feasible and economically feasible engineering solutions. The design result is
project

the object being developed (texts, graphs, drawings, calculations, models, etc.)

Slide 1

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Creative activity is a specific type of human activity aimed at knowledge and creative transformation of the surrounding world, including oneself.

Slide 4

The incentive to do so is a problematic situation that cannot be resolved by traditional methods. An original product of activity is obtained as a result of formulating a non-standard hypothesis, considering non-traditional relationships between elements of a problem situation, attracting implicitly related elements, and establishing new types of interdependence between them.

Slide 5

The prerequisites for this type of thinking are flexibility of thinking (the ability to vary solutions), criticality (the ability to abandon unproductive strategies), the ability to bring together and link concepts, integrity of perception, etc. The makings of creative abilities are inherent in any person, any normal child. You need to be able to reveal them and develop them. Manifestations of creative abilities vary from large and bright talents to modest and inconspicuous ones. But the essence of the creative process is the same for everyone. The difference lies in the specific material of creativity, the scale of achievements and their societies, and significance.

Slide 6

An important place in creative activity is occupied by combining and varying existing knowledge and known methods of action. The need that motivates activity can be a source of imagination, fantasy, that is, reflection in a person’s consciousness of the phenomena of reality in new, unusual, unexpected combinations and connections. The most important mechanism of creativity is intuition - knowledge, the conditions for obtaining which are not realized.

Slide 7

Creativity is the process of creating a subjectively new thing, based on the ability to generate original ideas and use non-standard methods of activity. In fact, creativity is “the ability to create any fundamentally new opportunity” (G.S. Batishchev).

Slide 8

Creativity can be considered in various aspects: the product of creativity is what is created; creative process - how it is created; the process of preparing for creativity - how to develop creativity.

Slide 9

Products of creativity are not only material products - buildings, cars, etc., but also new thoughts, ideas, solutions that may not immediately have material embodiment. In other words, creativity is the creation of new things on different plans and scales.

Slide 10

STRUCTURE OF CREATIVE ACTIVITY 1. Accumulation of knowledge and skills necessary for a clear presentation and formation of a problem, the emergence of a problem (setting tasks). 2. Concentrating efforts and searching for additional information, preparing to solve the problem. 3. Avoiding the problem, switching to other activities (incubation period). 4. Illumination or insight (a brilliant idea and a simple guess of modest proportions - that is, a logical break, a leap in thinking, obtaining a result that does not clearly follow from the premises) 5. Testing and finalizing the plan, its implementation.

Introduction to the psychology of creative activity

MBOU "Secondary School No. 31"

G. Simferopol

Sevastyanova Irina Valerievna

Creativity is:

An activity that generates something qualitatively new that has never existed before;

Creating something new, valuable not only for one person, but also for others;

The process of creating subjective values.

Vitaly Tepikin, a researcher of the human creative factor and the phenomenon of the intelligentsia, identifies the following types of creativity:

• artistic,
• scientific,
• technical,
• sports-tactical, in
• military-tactical creativity

Stages of Creative Thinking G. Wallace

• Preparation- formulation of the problem; attempts to solve it.
• Incubation- temporary distraction from the task.
• Insight - emergence of an intuitive solution.
• Examination- testing and/or implementation of the solution.

Stages of the inventive process

P.K. Engelmeyer(1910) believed that work inventor consists of three acts:

desire, knowledge, ability.

• Desire and intuition, the origin of the plan. This stage begins with an intuitive glimpse of an idea and ends with its understanding by the inventor. A plausible principle emerges inventions. In scientific creativity this stage corresponds to a hypothesis, in artistic creativity it corresponds to a plan.
• Knowledge and reasoning, developing a scheme or plan. Developing a complete, detailed idea of ​​the invention. Production of experiments - mental and actual.
• Skill, constructive execution of the invention. Assembly of the invention. Doesn't require creativity.

Artistic creativity begins with keen attention to the phenomena of the world and presupposes “rare impressions”, the ability to keep them in memory and comprehend them.

An important psychological factor in artistic creativity is memory. For an artist, it is not mirror-like, selective and of a creative nature.

The creative process is unthinkable without imagination, which allows us to reproduce a chain of ideas and impressions stored in memory.

Consciousness and subconsciousness, reason and intuition participate in artistic creativity. In this case, subconscious processes play a special role here.

• Scientific creativity, in contrast to artistic creativity, is an activity aimed at producing new knowledge, which receives social approval and is included in the system of science. Creativity in science requires, first of all, the acquisition of fundamentally new socially significant knowledge; this has always been the most important social function of science. The process of creative activity can be divided into the stage of finding the principle of the solution and the stage of applying the solution.
• Scientific creativity is impossible without a high level of development of general and professional intelligence, spatial concepts and imagination, the ability to learn and business communication, i.e. without manifestation of social activity of the individual.

Types of creativity, its functions and results:

• artistic creativity - the creation of new emotions - works of art;
• technical creativity - the creation of new means and objects of labor - technical improvement, - scientific creativity - the creation of new knowledge and inventions;
• sports creativity - creation (achievement) of new results - record holders

The influence of creative activity on the development of personality traits.

10 simple and at the same time capacious commandments of the Creative Personality:

• Be the master of your destiny.
• Be successful at what you love.
• Make your constructive contribution to the common cause.
• Build your relationships with people on trust.
• Develop your creativity.
• Cultivate courage in yourself.
• Take care of your health.
• Don't lose faith in yourself.
• Try to think positively.
• Combine material well-being with spiritual satisfaction.

Exercise 1. Solving drudlov

Droodles(or droodles in English) is an interesting invention by the American humorist Roger Price and creative producer Leonard Stern, proposed by them in the 1950s. The name droodle comes from a combination of three words “doodle” (doodle), “drawing” (drawing) and “riddle” (riddle). Even the name of the invention entirely reflects the creative thinking of its authors.

Exercise 2.

Drawing up a chain of associations.

Choose any word and start building a chain of associations from it, writing them down on paper.

For example, “trainings - courses - lessons - 4brain.ru”.

Try to write down associations as quickly as possible, and make the connections as unusual as possible.

Exercise 3.

Search for missing associations.

Choose any two words or phrases that should have as little in common as possible. Try to build an association that connects these two words.

For example, for the words “morning” and “food” the element complementing the associative series will be the word “breakfast”.

Try to find the missing link for the words:

• movie and dream
• elevator and car,
• flower and skyscraper.

Exercise 4.

Suitable associations.

Choose two words and try to name associations that are suitable for each of these words at the same time. For example, for the words “white” and “light” one can name the following associations: snow, fluff, feather, etc. To complicate the exercise, you can choose not two, but three or even more words.

Exercise 5.

Unusual associations.

To develop associative thinking for the purpose of better memorization, it is useful to be able to look for the most striking and non-standard associations. In this case, the image will be better fixed in memory. Most people will give the following associations for these words and phrases:

Russian poet- Pushkin

Domestic bird- chicken

Fruit- apple

Part of the face- nose

Try to come up with other, less popular associations with the same words.

Exercise 6 .

You need to make a chain of associations, starting with any word and writing down on paper everything that comes to mind in connection with this word. You need to write down your associations quickly, and come up with unusual connections.

For example: face-nose-potatoes-garden-village-grandfather-old horseradish-radish-bitter, etc.

Art is aesthetic
activities of people according to laws
beauty

The question of what art is is both easy and difficult to answer. It’s easier to say: art is fiction, music,

painting,
theater, cinema, architecture, etc. But this will not
answer, but only a listing of the different types
art. It is much more difficult to give a logical
defining different types of art, i.e.
point out the common ground that underlies all these
species.

We can say this: art is an aesthetic human activity. Is he writing a novel, a picture, dancing in ballet or

designs
monument – ​​it creates aesthetic value. IN
in turn, aesthetic activity
performed according to the laws of beauty, aimed at
creation of beauty and excitement
positive emotions.

Beauty in art is more than pretty and pleasant. It is inseparable from fortitude, harmony, inner

nature and character. About
The sculptor Rodin said this very figuratively: “In art
Only the characteristic is beautiful. Character is deep
the truth of any phenomenon of nature and society, all the same -
whether it is beautiful or ugly.” Thus,
aesthetic value of any work of art
determined by the measure of its internal truth, i.e.
reflection quality. Let's remember how he played the role in the movie
Baba Yaga famous actor Milyar: not at all likeable
the image in his work turned into a masterpiece. Why?
Yes, because this is exactly the kind of Baba Yaga we imagine
imagined from children's fairy tales.

Artistic image The essence of this phenomenon lies in the fact that it expresses limitless content in a limited form, in

expresses little
the many, in the individual – the universal. That's why
feelings expressed by art are special, not
just like in everyday life. They are great
large-scale, they remove the boundaries between
individual and the whole of humanity.

The aesthetic reflection of reality is thereby also its knowledge. But art not only cognizes, but also creates, creates.

After all, every work of art is
poem, film, painting - represents a unique
a beautiful item created by an inimitable
master. Perhaps the most important thing in art is that
it brings people together, creates spiritual and moral
a society that has enormous power
formation and education of personality.

Let us summarize: Firstly, art is an element of spiritual culture. The decisive thing in it is the ideological content.

Therefore, monuments of art, although
their ideological content does not exist outside
material embodiment, cannot be
identified with monuments of material
culture.
Secondly, art is a form
social consciousness, specifically
reflecting reality. Specifics
art as a form of reflection of real life
lies in the fact that it perceives the world in the form
artistic images.

Thirdly, art is not a mirror reproduction of reality, but its creative processing. Process

processing represents
rethinking reality from the perspective
a certain ideal, the artist’s development of his
relationship to reality, its assessment. Hence,
art is not only a reflection of reality, but also
special is the artist’s creative attitude towards it.
Finally, fourthly, art is a sphere
human labor, a special area of ​​spiritual
production, the result of which is designed to
satisfaction of spiritual needs.

All this allows us to define art as a special form of social consciousness and human activity, in which

the artistic and figurative are organically combined
knowledge of life with creativity according to the laws
beauty.
Art is a multi-species phenomenon. In all my ways
diversity, it is divided into certain
species that differ from each other in their
material form, specific
content and method of creation
artistic image. Thereby
Each type has its own special meaning in
public life.

Born at the dawn of human society, art not only has not lost its role in human life, but has risen even further.

more
a high step on the spiritual ladder
values.
Thus, art not only cognizes, but also
creates society. Its role and significance
cannot be overestimated in history: on the brightest
it showed people examples of its masterpieces
what can a person achieve who combines
your talent with hard work and courage.

Literature as a form of art The word literature comes from the Latin litera - letter, i.e. what is written is writing.

Naturally, even before the invention
writing, among different peoples, in different
the periods of their activity were oral folk
creativity (folklore). Therefore we have the right
to say that this art originated with
the birth of culture.

The best writers of all countries of the world in all centuries were thinkers who thought deeply about the fate of man and society. Here

Why
the most creative people were those writers who
whose position is clearly visible,
attitude towards what he writes about, that he
considers it important, necessary and relevant.
A real writer knows how to abstract himself from
personal and express what will be understandable and
important to other people. Therefore, basically
significant literary work is always
it is worth deep penetration into the life of society,
to which you belong and the person
who lives in it.

The best writers can be safely compared with the scouts of the future, with those brave conquerors of new unknown spaces, oh

which were written by the famous Norwegian
traveler Fridtjev Nansen “Let’s follow
narrow trail of runners, behind small black
points laid like a rail
a path into the very heart of the unknown. The wind blows and
rushes through these leading through the snowy desert
footprints. Soon they will disappear. But the path is paved
we have acquired new knowledge, and this feat will be
shine forever and ever."

Fine arts Painting, graphics, sculpture and architecture are called fine arts because they

images exist in reality
visible forms. Unlike literature,
music, theater, cinema and other visual arts
the arts are not capable of conveying the world to
time, in movement, in development. They
limited to just one moment. Images
fine arts do not exist in
time, but in space.

Fine art reflects reality in visible forms. But this does not mean at all that it only shows us

the external side of life without revealing to us
the spiritual world of people and the inner world of events.
Fine art conveys in its own way
essence and teaches us to see and understand what we
surrounds. “Painting is a poem to paints,
poetry is a picture in words.” Ancient Chinese artist Wang Wei.

Mona Lisa
from 1503 to 1506
"Mona Lisa" is perhaps the most famous
a work of art in the world. Leonardo wrote
famous portrait from 1503 to 1506 Gioconda became
the most mystical picture of all eras. She became
subject of artistic technique research for
masters of the 15th century. During the era of romanticism, artists and
critics admired her mystique. By the way,
It is to the figures of this era that we owe such
a magnificent aura of mystery,
accompanying the Mona Lisa. The era of romanticism in
art simply could not do without the mystical
surroundings inherent in all brilliant masters and their
works.
The inspired hands of Mona Lisa as well
beautiful, like the light smile on her face and
primeval rocky landscape in the foggy distance.
Gioconda is known as an image of a mysterious, even
femme fatale, however this interpretation
belongs to the 19th century. It is more likely that for
Leonardo this painting was the most complex and
a successful exercise in the use of sfumato, and the background
the paintings are the result of his research in the field
geology. Regardless of whether there was a plot
secular or religious, landscape revealing
“bones of the earth”, constantly found in creativity
Leonardo.

Portrait of Maria Ivanovna Lopukhina
Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky
Landscape in the vicinity of St. Petersburg
Sylvester Fedorovich Shchedrin

"Soft Hours" ("Persistence of Memory").
“Why do your watches spread out?” They ask me.
-But the point is not that they spread! The point is that my watch
show the exact time."

Music Music represents a complex structure of sounding forms and meanings. First of all, this is the musical sound itself with its

features,
lack of external objectivity in
sound expression and even image; this and
temporary nature of the sound flow, and
appeal to the auditory (subjective) sense
person. Its most important means
expressiveness are melody, rhythm, tempo,
timbre, intonation.

The specificity of musical content lies in the reflection of movements and characters, and not the external outlines of objects. Music to certain

influences listeners in a way, finds
response in the depths of a person’s soul and forms in
in his mind the musical images are original
language - pulsating rhythms, increasing and
declines in melody, dynamics, timbre and others
expressive means. Precisely because
that music does not appeal to the objective
forms of objects and phenomena of reality,
to comprehend it requires accurate
orientation in the system of musical language.

Undoubtedly, any psychologically deep embodiment of the spiritual world of people teaches a person to better understand complex, sometimes

conflicting feelings as well
perceive all the richness of a person’s inner life,
fosters a culture of feelings. And this is an important line
educational influence of many great examples
artistic creativity, which are remarkable as
times the depth and versatility of emotional
characteristics. It is also important to note the following: to
works of art had a certain influence
on the inner world of a person, he must be prepared
to this, must be able to understand it, comprehend it,
to perceive and experience, to be imbued with the expressed
her ideas and feelings, get pleasure from her.

“Art is inexhaustible, like life, and nothing allows us to feel this better than inexhaustible music, than the ocean

music,
filling the centuries" - vividly noted
famous writer R. Rolland. "Music -
the wide sky above all the arts: she
limitless, its laws apply to everyone
types and genres of artistic creativity.
Musicality is perhaps the highest praise
any work of art. Music is
the sound of time, its spirit" - these are the words of the great
sculptor S.T. Konenkova.

Theater as an art form.

Each art, having special means of influence, can
and should contribute to the general system of aesthetic education
person.
Theater, like no other art form, has the greatest
"capacity". He absorbs the ability of literature in words
recreate life in its external and internal manifestations, but the word
this is not narrative, but live-sounding, direct
effective. Moreover, unlike literature, theater recreates
reality is not in the reader's mind, but as an objective
existing pictures of life located in space
(performance). And in this respect, theater comes closer to painting. But
theatrical performance is in continuous movement, it
develops over time - and in this way it is close to music. Immersion in
the world of the viewer's experiences is akin to the state experienced
music listener immersed in his own world of subjective perception
sounds.

Of course, theater in no way replaces
are other types of art.
The specificity of the theater is that it has “properties”
literature, painting and music carries through
the image of a living, active person. This
direct human material for
other types of art is only
the starting point of creativity. For the theater
“nature” serves not only as a material, but also
remains in its immediate
liveliness. As the philosopher G. G. Shpet noted:
“An actor creates himself in a double sense: how
every artist, from his creative
imagination and specifically having in his
own person the material from which
an artistic image is created"

The art of theater has an amazing ability to merge with
life. Even though the stage show takes place on the other side
ramps, in moments of highest tension blurs the line between art
and life and is perceived by the audience as reality itself.
The attractive power of theater lies in the fact that “life on stage”
freely asserts itself in the viewer’s imagination.
The basic law of the theater is the internal participation of the audience in what is happening.
on the stage of events - implies stimulation of the imagination,
independent, internal creativity in each of the viewers. This
the viewer is captured by the action and differs from the indifferent one
observer. The spectator, in contrast to the actor, the active artist, is
a contemplative artist.

Consciousness of artistic reality in the process of perceiving themes
deeper, the more fully the viewer is immersed in the sphere of experience than
Art enters the human soul in many layers. Here at this junction of two spheres
- unconscious experience and conscious perception of art and
there is imagination. It is inherent in the human psyche from the very beginning,
organically, accessible to every person and can be significantly developed in
during the accumulation of aesthetic experience.
Aesthetic perception is the creativity of the viewer, and it can reach
high intensity. The richer the nature of the viewer himself, the more
his aesthetic sense is developed, the more complete his artistic experience, the more
his imagination is more active and his theatrical impressions are richer.

Spectator culture largely depends
from the nature of the art that
is offered to the viewer. The more difficult it will be
the task assigned to him -
aesthetic, ethical, philosophical, themes
thought becomes more intense, sharper
experiences, a subtler manifestation of taste
viewer. Because what we call culture
reader, listener, viewer,
directly related to
development of a person’s personality depends on his spiritual growth and
influences his further spiritual growth.
The significance of the task that the theater poses to the viewer in
psychologically, is that the artistic image,
given in all its complexity and inconsistency, the viewer perceives
first as a real, objectively existing character, and then,
as you get used to the image and reflect on its actions, it reveals (as if
independently) its inner essence, its generalizing meaning.
In terms of aesthetics, the difficulty of the task is that the viewer
perceived stage imagery not only according to the criteria of truth, but also
knew how (learned) to decipher its poetic metaphorical meaning.

So, the specificity of theatrical art is a living person, like
directly experiencing the hero and as directly creating
artist is an artist, and the most important law of theater is direct
impact on the viewer.
The “effect of the theater” and its clarity are determined not only
the dignity of creativity itself, but also the dignity, aesthetic
the culture of the auditorium. About the viewer as an obligatory co-creator
performances are written and spoken most often by theater practitioners themselves (directors
and actors).
“There is no theatrical performance without the participation
audience, and the play has a chance of success only if the audience
he himself “loses” the game, i.e., he accepts its rules and
plays the role of an empathetic person or
self-eliminating" Patrice Pavy "Dictionary of the Theater"

Theater Theater, as an art form, has a special quality that is unique to it alone. At each performance the actor seems to be anew

creates
your role. Any new performance is different
reveals destinies, speaks about life in its own way
of people. The theater spectator sees on stage
the character of a person with his joys and
suffering, thoughts and actions and
sympathizes or is indignant with what is happening on
in his eyes. In this living and immediate
interaction, empathy of the actor and
The enormous power of the art of theater lies hidden within the viewer.

While remaining faithful to the details, settings, and traits inherent in specific people, the theater is designed to portray typical characters in typical

circumstances. That's why
viewers often recognize themselves, their
contemporaries, even in the performance of historical plays.
(Remember “The Inspector General” or “Woe from Wit”). Theater by
in Mayakovsky’s figurative expression, “not reflecting
a mirror, and a magnifying glass.” No matter how
theatrical technique developed - from the dawn of this type
art in ancient Greece to the present day
the main creators of theatrical art were
the playwright, director and actor remain. Without them art
the theater could not exist.

In fact, the play (drama) provides the theater with the main material for the performance, in which its content is revealed by specific

theatrical means. At the same time, the playwright
as if explaining his idea to the director, and he, in
in turn, adapts it for specific
actors. The intention of the playwright and director
the actor conveys to the viewer. The performance turns out well
truly interesting for the viewer if
its content contains a conflict situation,
which is realized by the talented performance of the actor.

At the same time, the best actors are those who live the life of their hero on stage and make the viewer believe it. “Indeed,” wrote

Belinsky
about the theater, to see all of Rus' on stage, with its goodness and
evil, with its high and funny, hear
speaking her valiant heroes summoned from
the coffin by the power of fantasy, to see the beating
the pulse of her mighty life... O step into
theater, live and die in it if you can.”

Electronic scientific journal
"Pedagogy of Art"
Nekrasova L.M.

Cinema Cinema, the youngest of the arts, appeared at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The main medium of cinema is the image (shot on film

people, events,
objects, landscapes and sounds.) Thanks to this
cinema combines elements of others
arts: literature, painting, theater, music
etc. That is why it is so rich in its
expressive means and artistic
opportunities. There is inseparable space in it,
time and movement, his works are accessible,
visual, impressive.

Cinema and culture

First of all, cinema is different from other types of
art (in particular, from the theater) in that it
takes up much more sociocultural
space, goes far beyond
artistic circle. If the theater, conditionally
speaking, gathered around art, then cinema
covers literally everything with its influence, from
spiritual ideals to etiquette and fashion.
But getting into the cultural debate, let's say that
culture is, first of all, a measure of organization,
order, “order” of human activity,
reflecting its fundamental
socio-historical characteristics.
Implement a cultural approach to
cinema means to consider it as
way and form of organizing the ideological and artistic life of his time, in
which, like in a mirror, reflects all this
life and which, at the same time, is one
of the essential aspects of this life.

General role

The overall role of mass communication is best
considered through function analysis,
implemented QMS:
1.
information function coinciding with
increase and (or) change in the composition of knowledge of
audience representatives;
2.
function of education, coinciding with
formation or change in intensity and
the orientation of a certain type of installation;
3.
behavior organization function,
coinciding with the termination, change or
staging any action;
4.
entertainment function matching
changes in the complex of psychological,
physiological (fatigue, irritation) and so on
similar characteristics using effects
distractions, switching attention, created
situation for venting feelings;
5.
communication function coinciding with
strengthening, maintaining or weakening connections
between members of the audience.

Cinema not only synthesizes the means of other forms of art, but also has its own expressive capabilities.

First of all, this is a change of plans, angles, their
connection, association (installation). Installation -
is a selection of people, objects, events in
certain rhythm and tempo, their peculiar
interpretation.

Rich possibilities lie in speeding up and slowing down shooting, in the use of trick and combined shots. In other words

through cinema it is possible to truthfully and completely
depict everything: time and people, cities and countries,
feelings and thoughts. In the cinema, any fantasy
becomes reality and vice versa. Another
the advantage of cinema is the opportunity
unlimited replication
works. At the same time, one and the same copy
you can demonstrate unlimited
number of times. It makes cinema accessible
millions, mass art.

The art of cinema, like no other, meets the needs of people in a synthetic work that comprehensively covers human life

and society,
striving for perfection.