What does fibrinogen mean. Fibrinogen - what it is, the norm in the analysis of blood in men or women, the causes of deviations and treatment. What to do at low indicators

Definition of fibrinogen, blood collection to establish a coagulation time. The norm of fibrinogen in human blood, fibrinolysis indicators, its meaning. Preparations for stabilizing the level of protease synthesis. Recommendations of specialists.

Fibrinogen - protein dissolved in the intercellular substance with liquid plasma of human blood, synthesized by the liver, turning in the process of coagulation of Wstybrin. This is the main substance of the formation of thromboms, to it are joined in the process of blood coagulation of platelets, forming a red thrombus.

Fibrinogen is an indicator homeostasis - bleeding Systems - fibrinolysis. In which two opposite reactions take part - blood thickening and its dissolution to pass through the vessels, the organism's arteries.

Fibrinolysis is the final stage of work gomeostasis - Dissolving the thrombus after repairing a damaged vessel, artery. The recovery system destroys the formed clot as the damaged cells are restored, this is the so-called factor Hageman. - Protez protein. In an inactive state, there is a plasma, the launch of the inner system of homeostasis when contact with collagen, in vitro with glass, metal - a negatively charged surface. The process is a protective mechanism mechanism, warning vessels from blocking blood vessels.

Trombus formation process:

• the cleavage of two peptides from the fibrinogen molecule to form a fibrin monomer;
• the transformation of the fibrin monomer in the fibrin-unit clot - the transition of the fibrin molecule from the state of the globule in the fibril;
• the fibrin aggregate is stabilized in a fibrin-polymer, insoluble in concentrated uric acid.

Homeostasis maintains a stable state of reducing functions of the blood system of the human body.

Fibrinolysis

The intensification of fibrinolysis is due to the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is inserted into the blood of adrenaline, stimulating Hagen-dependent additional fibrinolysis. In stressful situations - injuries, burns, childbirth, the protective mechanism of the human body, adjusting blood loss, is launched. Plasma ability to form turcomes protects against hemorrhages. There are inhibitors inhibitors in the blood, which prevent the process of fibrinolysis in the early and later stages to avoid the blockage of blood vessels.

Obviously on the example of the dynamic functioning of female pregnancy. In the initial periods, fibrinolysis activity is reduced, due to the natural suppression of immunity during pregnancy. Comes due to an increase in the natural inhibitors of the process - microphaggies, fibroblasts. This is a necessary factor for not the advent of the rejection of the embryo as an alien body in the body of a woman. Hormonal changes also reduce blood ability to coagulation. Over the term of pregnancy, everything changes - the functional activity of fibrinolysis increases, naturally preparing the body to the blood loss during childbirth.

Fibrinogen rate in blood

The norm in the blood in men and women is almost the same, consists of 3.1 to 3.1 g / l in adults, in children up to 3 years from 1.2 to 2.95 g / l.

Fibrinogen in blood in women during pregnancy decreases below the established level, rising over the course of pregnancy, the last trimester can be 5.5 g / l.

The norm in women after 50 years theoretically should not change. Practically - with age, chronic diseases appear, increases the level of cholesterol, creating plaques in the vessels - the norm increases due to violations of the work of the heart muscle, inflammatory processes in the joints, liver diseases, the gastrointestinal tract.

Any inflammatory diseases reduce the resistance of the body, negatively affecting the operation of the internal organs, even due to the reception of drugs. Medical treatment of ARVI, influenza increases the load on the liver toxins of the drug, which, in turn, negatively affects the flow of the fibrinolysis process.

Increased protease

The increase in this protein is a consequence of diseases of metabolism, inflammation, tissue necrosis:

• pararadontitis;
• polyarthritis;
• pneumonia;
• stroke;
• malignant neoplasms.

The diseases of the inflammatory nature, the formation of cancer cells, eliminating cells due to stroke, infarction leads to the difficulty of the final stage of homeostasis, which leads to complications in the form of hemorrhages. The increase in the level directly indicates the passage of the inflammatory process in the body of different location, stage.

Lower protease

Reducing the synthesis of protein occurs as a result:

• disorders of the normal functioning of the liver, kidneys, biliary tract, gastrointestinal tract - hepatitis, cirrhosis;
• lack of vitamin C, B12;
• embolism by oily waters;
• chronic myelolecosis;
• acceptance of anabolics.

Over time, neurohumoral regulation slows down due to unbalanced nutrition, cholesterol accumulation, disadvantage or excess of individual nutrients, enzymes, amino acids. What in turn, is an important component for the normal functioning of internal homeostasis systems. The violation of the equilibrium between the processes occurring in the body leads to concomitant diseases or arising against the background of the modified homeostasis. These factors violate adrenal works, the synthesis process in the liver.

The main causes of equilibrium disorders in the fibrinolysis system are inflammatory diseases of different genesis, which are stressing for the body that launch factor Hageman.

Violation of the synthesis of protein, blood formation, the activities of the central nervous system is characteristic of people with a deficit of vitamins C and B12. When avitaminosis of this group of vitamins is complicated by the formation of fibrinogen - protein synthesized by the liver, which is the basis of fibrinolysis.

When using anabolic preparations, the synthesis of nucleic acids increases, which leads to a violation of the synthesis of protease. There is a deficiency of protein compounds, leading to a decrease in the level of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen in the blood tends to decrease when taking steroids, hormonal drugs.

The excessive amount of protease protein leads to thrombosis, disadvantage - to hemorrhages. Dysfibrinogenemia is a liver disease at which fibrinogen synthesis is reduced. Hypophybrinogenemia - reduced plasma fibrinogen syndrome.

Blood fence on coatability

The study of the functionality of homeostasis or coagulological tests is carried out in two ways:

• local test;
• global test.

The local test characterizes the work of individual coagulation factors if it is necessary to determine the location of the factor. Global shows an integral picture of all changes, with the possible possible determination of possible hyper and hyposphate.

The test is carried out within the framework of the diagnostic survey, during dispensarization, to determine the individual coagulation rate within the framework of the general one. The fence of venous blood is made on an empty stomach, the reception of medical drugs, alcohol exclude 24 hours before the test.

With exacerbation of chronic diseases, colds, it is advisable to postpone the test to the complete disappearance of the symptoms of the disease.

Preparations for stabilization of protease synthesis

Fibrinogen- Biological protein preparation that increases the level of protein in plasma in cases of blood loss in operational intervention, in gynecological and obstetric practice, protease deficit syndrome. It is a protein compound of sodium citrate and glucose solution. Used in the form of droppers, intravenous injections.

Calcium chloride - medicinal substance Replenishing calcium deficiency, for the process of blood coagulation process. When intravenous administration stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to the emission of adrenaline. Which, being a stressful factor for the body, will launch the action of homeostasis.

Streptokinase - fibronolytic agent causing the degradation of plasma proteins causing thrombosis. It is a streptococcal protein with antigenic properties neutralized with antigens. Restores the passability of thrombic blood vessels. Activates fabric, systemic fibrinolysis.

Heparin - glycosaminoglycant, isolated from liver cells. It is used to maintain blood in a liquid state, with thrombosis, in the devices of artificial blood circulation. Produced in the form of sodium salt in 5 ml bottles. Used in heart disease, accompanied by blood circulation, thrombosis.

Fibrinogen in the blood is an important element of the coagulation system. There is no doubt that the blood coagulation system protects the body from serious problems associated with possible blood loss. In the list of coagulation factors, the fibrinogen is left first place not by chance.

It is the fibrinogen A, which is constantly located in a blood plasma with a concentration of about 2.0 - 4.0 grams per liter, is immediately included in the blood stop process in the occurrence of bleeding.

The fibrinogen level, as one of the coagulogram indicators, can specify the state of the coagulation system. Interested in fibrinogen and as a marker of inflammatory processes, since it is a protein of the acute phase.

The level of fibrinogen in the blood is the most important indicator of the state of the coagulation system of blood and one of the markers of inflammatory reactions. This high-molecular weight protein synthesized in the liver is the fibrin predecessor, which is the basis of the tomb, blocking the lumen of the damaged vessel during bleeding.

Fibrinogen is also called the first plasma factor in blood coagulation. The fibrinogen deficiency leads to a violation of blood coagulation, due to the impossibility of creating a stable thrombus and is manifested by increased bleeding.

Functions in the body

Reference. Damage to the vascular wall launches the cascade of reactions leading to the formation of blood clots - thrombus. The leading role in the process of coagulation of blood belongs to platelet cells and plasma proteins of blood.

The process of stopping bleeding consists of several stages. After the damaged vessel is spoken (this allows to reduce bleeding and create favorable conditions for the formation of a blood clots), the process of adhesion and aggregation aggregation is launched.

Connecting and bonding to each other, they form a primary thrombus (platelet cork). This clutch, formed only, is unstable and unreliable, so it can contribute to stopping bleeding only in small vessels.

In order to stop bleeding from a larger vessel, the participation of plasma blood coagulation factors. At this stage of hemostasis, fibrinogen is included in the process of forming a stable thrombus.

In order to formed a dense fibrin thrombus, a cascade of reactions activating the thrombin enzyme is launched in the body, which is responsible for the transformation of soluble fibrinogen in insoluble fibrin.

In order to stabilize the platelet cork, the fibrin threads are tightly soaked platelets (erythrocytes are also included in the thrombus structure), forming the so-called fibrin network. After the completion of this process, a stable fibrin trombo is formed, which tightly clogs the damaged vessel portion, preventing further blood loss. The process of transition of fibrinogen in fibrin is controlled by prothrombin and ions.

That is, the process of turning the fibrinogen in fibrin is the final stage of blood coagulation, without which the bleeding from the vessels of medium and large caliber is absolutely impossible.

Spicy phase protein

In addition to its main function of active participation in the process of hemostasis, fibrinogen also serves as a protein of the acute phase. The level of fibrinogen in the blood is significantly increased in the presence of an inflammatory process in the body.

02.12.2017

For evaluation of coagulation, fibrinogen is defining in the blood test. What is this role in the body playing? How does his decline or enhancement affect the state of health?

What is fibrinogen?

Fibrinogen - This is a colorless protein that is dissolved in the blood plasma. During bleeding, the coagulation system is activated and thrombin (enzyme) affects the fibrinogen, as a result of which the fibrinogen is converted into fibrin. Fibrin is the basis in the formation of thrombus, it fills the damaged wall of the vessel, preventing blood outlet.

Fibrinogen protein is synthesized by the liver. In the blood of fibrinogen performs the following functions:

• Participates in the process of blood coagulation.
• Promotes healing wounds.
• Removes the inflammation of the vessels.
• Participates in the process of fibrinolysis (dissolving blood clots and blood clots).

Analysis on fibrinogen, readings

To verify the fibrinogen level, a coagulogram is prescribed (analysis for coagulation). For this take blood from the vein. The collaboration analysis is carried out according to Claus, that is, a large amount of thrombin is added to a dissolved blood plasma and evaluate the clomba formation time. Also evaluate the following parameters affecting fibrin formation:

• coagulation rate (norm - 30 seconds - 3 min);
• protombain index, that is, the percentage of the ratio of the coagulation time of the blood sample under study to the control (the norm is 98-100%);
• the prothrombin period, that is, the time for which fibrinogen turns into fibrin (norm - 16-18 seconds).

The amount of fibrinogen as a separate element is determined in biochemical blood test.

Indications for blood testing on fibrinogen are:

• pregnancy;
• preparation for the operation;
• liver pathology;
• heart disease;
• increased bleeding;
• inflammation of unclear genes;
• suspicion of blood disease (hemophilia).

Preparation for the analysis on fibrinogen

To obtain the most accurate results, the following conditions must be observed for the fibrinogen blood:

• do not use the on the eve of the study of heavy food;
• refuse food and water 8 hours before analysis;
• do not smoke for 3 hours;
• during the day, avoid stress and physical stress;
• do not take medicines 24 hours before research, if it is impossible to refuse to inform about this doctor.

Fibrinogen is a protein component of the blood, which refers to the group of globulin. It is arranged in such a way that it is initially in the body in an inactive condition, and is activated only when the processes of blood clotting processes are launched under the action of blood cloth, for example, in the formation of blood clots on the site of damage to fabric or vessels. It should be noted that the fibrinogen is one of the main components in the coagulation system, without it, the blood plasma will be called serum.

Analysis on fibrinogen is necessary to analyze the state of a person in the postoperative period, during a perinatal study, as well as with suspected acute inflammatory and infectious diseases, damage or dieting organs and tissues. Sometimes, according to the results of the tests, high fibrinogen can be detected, with which it may be due to how to normalize the indicator, and whether it is necessary to beat the alarm, tell me in this article.

Fibrinogen above the norm, what does this mean?

The norm of fibrinogen in adults should be in the range of 2-4 g / l. If the indicator goes beyond the established values, the specialist concludes that fibrinogen is elevated.

Despite the fact that this protein substance is produced by the liver, an increase in fibrinogen, does not talk about violations of this body or about its excessive activity. Only with a decrease in the indicator, in some cases it is possible to judge the deterioration of hepatic functionality. Therefore, the high fibrinogen in the blood unequivocally means the presence of pathological forms of this substance, and is often considered as a sign of a serious deviation or illness, for example:

• severe inflammatory processes affecting an extensive area of \u200b\u200bfabrics or internal organs;
• pathological conditions, which are accompanied by the destruction of tissues and organs (sepsis, gangrene, lung abscess, etc.);
• autoimmune pathological conditions in the active stage;
• long-term reception of oral contraceptive estrogen-containing agents;
• strong dehydration, etc.
• heart attack and stroke.

Another particular formidable reason for which the increase in fibrinogen in the blood is noted is syndrome-in-law. This condition is characterized by excessively active synthesizing of the substance, the appearance of products of its decay and degradation, an increase in blood platelet in the blood. The launched stage of such a state leads to critical depletion of fibrinogen cells, and increase the risk of propagation of profuse bleeding.

Increased fibrinogen in the blood is most often accompanied by an increase in ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), which indicates the development of acute inflammatory disease.

Increased fibrinogen during pregnancy

The future mother constantly has to give all sorts of analyzes and conduct research so that the leading doctor can monitor its health and correctness of the child's development. Every time you have to hear all new terms and indicators.

One of these is the same analysis on fibrinogen protein, or a coagulogram. Blood for research is taken from a woman from a vein, strictly on an empty stomach, and each trimester need to repeat the analysis.

Increased fibrinogen during pregnancy is an option for the norm, but in permissible limits.

For pregnant women installed normative values \u200b\u200bof the level of fibrinogen, based on the period of pregnancy:

• I trimester: from 2.3 to 5.0 g / l;
• II trimester: 2.4 - 5.1 g / l;
• III trimester: 3.7-6.2 g / l.

If the result of the coagulogram showed that fibrinogen is too elevated during pregnancy, this may indicate an excessive density of blood, its concentration. Such a situation is very unfavorable for a woman, because at times it increases the risk of the formation of clots and blood clots in vessels, incl. In the placenta. It turns out that the child will not be able to receive oxygen and nutrients in sufficient quantities and the nutrients will suffer from hypoxia and begins to lag in development and growth.

In addition, high fibrinogen during pregnancy may indicate the development of pathologies in the body of a woman, they include:

• inflammatory processes occurring within the consequence of the development of viral and infectious lesions;
• pneumonia;
• the emergence of malignant formations;
• violation of the normal functioning of the thyroid gland;
• empting fabrics.

When pregnancy comes to an end, the doctor prescribes the analysis to assess the condition of a woman, as far as the body is ready for the upcoming birth and there is no risk of developing thrombosis. Therefore, if the fibrinogen is raised during pregnancy in the third trimester, in the future, the pregnancy will be pregnant with you, together with a hematologist (a blood specialist), which will observe you and, if necessary, will offer treatment options.

One way or another, even if the fibrinogen is revealed above the norm, the future mommies should not be frightened and even more so succumb to panic, it often happens that the concentration of this protein is increased due to the individual features transferred burns or operations. Also, the increase in coagulation can be preserved after taking drugs containing estrogen in the past.

How to lower fibrinogen

As a rule, if the fibrinogen in the blood is increased, it is necessary to reduce its level only in severe, critical situations. Before prescribing treatment, the patient must be fully examined and the cause of such a state should be revealed. Usually, to reduce the indicator, the following means and methods are applied:

• purpose of the patient of anticoagulants and fibrinolithics;
• reception of drugs with acetylsalicylic acid (eg aspirin, aspectrine, cardiomagnet, etc.);
• vitaminotherapy (receiving vitamins of group A, C, E, Omega-3 and Nicotinic acid);
• a person must adhere to a special diet that eliminates food intake with a high content of animal fats, as well as cholesterol products;
• physical exertion that lead to excessive muscle overpressure, also during treatment should be excluded.

Remember that the detection of a person of this state, as well as its correction and normalization, should be made only by a qualified physician.

Take care of your health!

If the fibrin indicators go beyond the framework of the norm, it speaks of pathological processes and can lead to poor consequences. Normally, an adult contains 2-4 grams per liter of blood, a newborn baby has a norm - 1.25-3 g / l. During pregnancy, the rule gradually rises. Thus, in the first trimester, the norm is 2.98 g / l, in the second trimester - 3.1 g / l and in the third reaches 6-7 g / l. During pregnancy, it is important to control this indicator and hold within the norm, perform the directions of the doctor, since very elevated fibrinogen in the blood is potentially dangerous for the fetus, which can lead to negative consequences. Under other circumstances, the increase in the norm of the protein most often suggests that the body is present in the body, and some other factors described below are also influenced.

Increased concentration of fibrinogen in the blood does not cause any symptoms, therefore it is not possible to associate a certain disorder with this factor. And quite often the high norm of this protein is not noticed, since the human body does not show any symptoms. Increased fibrinogen concentrations negatively affects human health, blood becomes blood thick and testifies to the presence and development of serious diseases. Below is a list of diseases that provoke fibrinogen protein increase:

• acute states of the body (inflammatory and infectious diseases);
• rheumatism;
• stroke, myocardial infarction;
• nephrotic syndrome;
• pneumonia, tuberculosis;
• light forms of hepatitis;
• tumors having malignant character;
• injuries, burns.

Also affect the increase can be an elderly age, poor heredity, smoking, negative living conditions.

When and how it is necessary to analyze the fibrinogen

Analysis is required in the occurrence of vascular diseases, which are accompanied by impaired bleeding, poor coatability, enhancement of bleeding, time of pregnancy, liver disease, when obtaining serious injuries and burns, and also if a person is preparing for operation.

Analysis for determining the level of fibrinogen is carried out on a blood sample taken from Vienna on an empty stomach. It is important before the study to comply with a number of rules in order to obtain reliable results, since non-compliance with them can increase or lower the indicator, as well as the result may affect the blood transfusion made during the previous month. So, it is important:

• three days before the blood fence, alcohol, smoking, sharp, oily food should be excluded;
• the last meal must be 6-8 hours before analysis;
• termination of drugs that may affect blood clotting, exceptions should be good circumstances;
• before passing an analysis, it is necessary to spend time in a calm state, eliminate any physical exertion.

As a rule, prescribed treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of the increase in blood protein. Your attending physician appoints the course of use of the necessary drugs, such medications are usually assigned:

• Tiklopidine;
• fibrinolics;
• beta-adrenoreceptor blockers.

The number of vegetables and fruits also reduce the indicator. Regular use of fresh cucumbers, tomatoes, garlic, different types of grapes, lemon, raspberry perfectly affect the decrease in fibrogen. In addition, it should be introduced into the diet of seafood, bitter chocolate, cranberry morse, cocoa. The attending physician may assign the use of medicinal herbs: aloe juice, calangean juice, decoction of peony root. Do not neglect such appointments of doctors.

It is important to control the level of fibrin in the blood. Its high concentration can lead to the formation of thromboms, low indicators say that a person will be quite difficult to stop bleeding, since with a low fibrin value, blood clotting is worse. We conclude that the fibrinogen is an important substance in the hematopoietic system of the human body.