Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Moscow Region, Russia. Joint Nuclear Research Institute International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Postage stamp of the USSR, 1976

Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) - International Intergovernmental Research Organization in the Naukograd Dubna of the Moscow Region. The founders are 18 JINR member states. The main directions of theoretical and experimental studies in JINR - nuclear physics, physics of elementary particles and the study of the condensed state of the substance.

As a sign of recognition of an outstanding contribution of scientists in modern physics and chemistry, it is possible to address the decision of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry (Jouple) on the assignment of the 105th element of the Dubney name at the location of the JINR, and the 114th element is the names of Fleurian in honor of the JINR Coordinant and The long-term head of his laboratory of nuclear reactions Academician N. Flerov, where elements with numbers from 102 to 110 were synthesized during its activities.

History

The United Institute of Nuclear Research was created on the basis of an agreement signed on March 26, 1956 in Moscow by representatives of the Government of the Eleven founders in the aim of combining their scientific and material potential to study the fundamental properties of matter. At the same time, the contribution of the USSR was 50 percent, the People's Republic of China 20 percent. On February 1, 1957, JINR was registered by the UN. The institute is located in Dubna, 120 km north of Moscow.

By the time of the creation of JINR at the place of the future Dubna since the end of the 1940s, the Institute of Nuclear Problems (IiaP) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which launched a broad scientific program Fundamental and applied studies of nuclear material properties on the largest accelerator of charged particles - sync cyclotron. At the same time, the Electrophysical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences was formed here, in which, under the leadership of Academician V. I. Vexler, work was carried out to create a new accelerator - proton synchrophasotron - with a record 10 GeV energy for that time.

By the mid-1950s, an universal understanding was achieved in the world that nuclear science should not be closed in classified laboratories and that only broad cooperation can ensure the progressive development of this fundamental area of \u200b\u200bhuman knowledge, as well as the peaceful use of atomic energy. So, in 1954, near Geneva, a CERN was established (European Organization of Nuclear Research) to consolidate the efforts of Western European countries in the study of the fundamental properties of the micromir. At about the same time, countries belonging to the socialist community, at the initiative of the USSR government, decided to create a joint institution of nuclear research.

Professor D. I. Blochintsev was elected first director of the Joint Institute, who had just completed the creation of the first nuclear power plant in Obninsk first in the world. Professor M. Danysh (Poland) and V. Varububa (Czechoslovakia) were the first vice-directorists of JINR. One of the most difficult and responsible periods in the life of the Institute has fallen into the share of the first Directorate.

The history of the formation of the Joint Institute is associated with the names of the largest scientists and science managers, like N. N. Bogolyubov, L. Infeld, I. V. Kurchatov, Eneodnichansky, A. M. Petrosyanz, E. P. Slavsky, I. E . Tamm, A. V. Topchiev, H. Hulby, L. Janoshi and others.

In the formation of the main scientific areas and development of the institute, outstanding physics were involved: A. M. Baldin, Van Ganchan (Keith. 王淦昌 , eng. Wang Ganchang.), V. I. Veksler, N. N. Zolorun, M. Gmitito, V. P. Jeliepov, I. Zvara, I. Zlatiev (Bulg. Ivan Zlatiev), D. Kish, N. Kroo (Weng. Norbert Kroó.), Ya. Kohshevnik, K. Lanius, Le Van Thyem (English. Le Van Thiem.), A. A. Logunov, M. A. Markov, V. A. Matveyev, M. G. Meshcheryakov, Mr. Nguakov, Nguyen Van Kheeu, Yu. Ts. Oganesyan, L. Pal, Pose, B. M. Pontecorvo, V.P. Sarantsev, N. Sodom, R. Sosnovsky, A. SENDUSKI (Rum. Aureliu Săndulescu.), A. N. Tavhelidze, I. Todorov, I. Sella, I. Ursu, G. N. Flerov, I. M. Frank, H. Christ, A. Krykevich (Polish. Andrzej hrynkiewicz.), S. Tsitsaik, F. L. Shapiro, D. V. Shirskova, D. Ebert, E. Yinik (Polish. Jerzy Janik.) .

Achievements

In 1961, when the JINR Awards were established, the team of authors was received by this award, headed by Vladimir Iosifovich Waxler and Chinese professor Van Ganchan, for the opening of the anti-minus hyperon. No one has doubted that this is an elementary particle, but for several years later she was denied elementality, as, however, both proton, neutron, π- and k-mesons and other governments. These objects turned out to be complex particles composed of quarks and antiquarks. Dubne physicists contributed to the understanding of the quark structure of hadrons. This is the concept of color quarks, this is a quark model of hadrons, called the "Dubna Bag", etc.

In 1957, shortly after the creation of JINR, Bruno Pontecorvo put forward a hypothesis of neutrino oscillations. It took several decades to find an experimental confirmation of one of the central issues of modern physics of weak interactions - neutrino oscillations. In January 2005, at the 97th session of the JINR scientific Council for the proof of solar neutrino oscillations in the SNO experiment (Neutrino Observatory, Sudbery) was awarded to them. B. M. Pontecorvo director of the SNO project, professor of physicists of the Royal University (Kingston, Canada) Dr. A. McDonald.

JINR has half of discoveries (about 40) in the field of nuclear physics registered in the former USSR.

Synthesizing many new chemical elements and more than four hundred new isotopes, the institute has become one of the very few world leaders in this area. Including since 1998, all the new elements of the periodic system of chemical elements, starting from the 113rd, were prioritically synthesized.

Institute for the first time, elements of Nobels (102), Fleroviy (114), Moskiy (115), Livermiori (116), Tennessene (117), Oganeson (118) were synthesized. Also, the priority is equally applied according to the decision of the Jew, or remains controversial for a number of others synthesized in JINR elements: Lawrence (103), Rutinfords (104), Dubna (105), Bory (107).

Structure of the Institute

18 states are members of JINR:

At the government level, agreements on the cooperation of the Institute with Germany, Hungary, Italy and the South Africa Republic are concluded.

The senior governing body of the JINR is the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of All 18 Member States. The scientific policy of the institute generates a scientific council, which, in addition to large scientists, representing the participating countries, includes well-known physicists of Germany, Italy, USA, France, the European Organization of Nuclear Research (CERN).

Head of the Scientific Group of Experimental Installations of Liar Eduard Mikhailovich Kozulin is preparing equipment for experiments (2005)

Laboratories Institute

As part of JINR, seven laboratories, each of which is comparable to the scale of studies with a large institution.

At the Institute there are about 6,000 people, more than 1000 of them - researchers, including

(JINR) - the International Intergovernmental Research Organization, established on the basis of an agreement signed by eleven founding countries on March 26, 1956 and registered by the United Nations February 1, 1957. Located in Russian Federation, in Dubna, not far from Moscow.

The starting point for the formation of Scientific Dubna can be considered 1946, when, on the initiative of the head of the Soviet Atomic Project Igor Kurchatov, the Government of the USSR decided it was decided to build a proton accelerator in the village of Novo-Ivankovo \u200b\u200bin the area of \u200b\u200bthe Sync Churchlotron.

The Scientific Policy of the Institute develops the Scientific Council, which includes large scientists representing the participating countries, as well as well-known physicists of Germany, Greece, India, Italy, China, USA, France, Switzerland, CERN, etc.

From 2011, the director of JINR is the Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Viktor Matveyev.

As part of JINR, seven laboratories, each of which is comparable to the scale of studies with a large institution. The staff has about 5,000 people, of which more than 1,200 are researchers, about 2000 - engineering and technical staff.

The institute has a remarkable set of experimental physical installations: the only in Europe and Asia with a superconducting accelerator of nuclei and heavy ions - nuclotron, heavy ion cyclums for experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei, a unique neutron pulse reactor for research on neutron nuclear physics and condensed media, The proton accelerator is a phasotron that is used for radiation therapy. JINR has powerful high-performance computing means, which are integrated into world computer networks using high-speed communication channels.

At the end of 2008, a successful launch of the new basic installation of Irene-I, intended for research in the field of nuclear physics with the help of the gun methodology.

The Institute supports communication with almost 700 scientific centers and universities in 64 countries of the world. Only in Russia, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and firms from 43 Russian cities.

The Joint Institute actively cooperates with the European Organization of Nuclear Research in solving many theoretical and experimental tasks of high energies physics. JINR physics are involved in the works of 15 CERN projects. Scientists of the institute participated in the project "Great Hadron Collider (LHC)". They participated in the development and creation of separate systems of Atlas detectors, CMS, Alice and the LHC machine itself.

JINR physics are involved in preparation for a wide range of fundamental studies in the field of elementary particle physics on LHC. The central information and computing complex of the Institute is actively used for tasks related to experiments on LHC, and other scientific projects requiring large-scale computing.

Every year, in the editors of many journals and organizing committees of conferences, the Institute sends more than 1,500 scientific articles and reports, which represent about 3,000 authors. JINR Publications are sent in more than 50 countries of the world.

JINR participates in the implementation of the Dubna Innovation Belt Program. In 2005, the Government of the Russian Federation signed a decision "On the creation of a special economic zone of a technical and introduction type in the city of Dubna." The specifics of the JINR was reflected in the EEZ orientation: nuclear-physical and information technology. For implementation, more than 50 innovative projects have been prepared in the special economic zone of the United Institute, nine residents of the residents of the OEZ Dubna have their origins in JINR.

Material prepared on the basis of open sources information

The United Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) is an international intergovernmental research organization, created on the basis of an agreement signed by eleven founders on March 26, 1956 and a registered UN registered on February 1, 1957 located in Dubna, not far from Moscow, in the Russian Federation.

The Institute has been established to combine efforts, scientific and material potential of Member States to study the fundamental properties of matter. JINR members today are 18 states: Azerbaijan Republic, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Bulgaria, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Republic of Georgia, Republic of Kazakhstan, Korean People's Democratic Republic, Republic of Cuba, Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, Republic of Poland, Russian Federation, Romania , Slovak Republic, Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Ukraine, Czech Republic. The government level concluded agreements on cooperation of the Institute with Germany, Hungary and Italy.

The main directions of theoretical and experimental studies in JINR: physics of elementary particles, nuclear physics and physics of condensed media. Scientific policy of JINR develops the Scientific Council.

As part of JINR, seven major laboratories, each of which is comparable to the scale of research with a large institution. The staff consists of about 6,000 people, of which more than 1000 are researchers, about 2000 - engineering and technical staff.

An important aspect of JINR activities is broad international scientific and technical cooperation: the Institute supports links from almost 700 scientific centers and universities from 60 countries of the world. Only in Russia, the largest partner of JINR, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and firms from 40 Russian cities.

Every year, in the editorial office of many journals and organizing committees of conferences, the Institute sends more than 500 scientific articles and reports, which represent about 3,000 authors. JINR Publications are sent in more than 50 countries of the world.

JINR accounts for about 40 discoveries in the field of nuclear physics registered in the former USSR. As a sign of recognition of the outstanding contribution of scientists of the Institute in modern physics and chemistry, it is possible to address the decision of the International Union of Clean and Applied Chemistry about the assignment of the 105th element of the periodic system of elements of D. I. Mendeleev named "Dubney".

The Joint Nuclear Research Institute (JINR) was created on the basis of an agreement signed on March 26, 1956 in Moscow representatives of the Government of the eleven founders (Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, GDR, China, DPRK, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, the USSR, Czechoslovakia) In order to combine their scientific and material potential to study the fundamental properties of matter. Later, in September of the same year, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam joined them, in 1976 - the Republic of Cuba. After signing the agreement, specialists from all member countries came to the institute. The city of Dubna became international.

The prehistory of this scientific center in the city, located at the abandonment of the Dubna River to Volga (Moscow region). In the late 40s of the XX century. Here, then in the village of Novo-Ivankovo, an accelerator is put into operation the most powerful at that time in the world - sync cyclotron for fundamental studies in the field of physics of elementary particles and the atomic nucleus at high energies. It was started on the initiative of the Group of Domestic Scientists, headed by Academician Igor Kurchatov, for which the new laboratory was organized, which from 1947 to 1953, for considerations of secrecy, was listed by the branch of the Institute of Atomic Energy and was called the Hydrotechnical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and a little later received the status of an independent academic Institutions - Institute for Nuclear Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The further expansion of the research program caused the emergence in 1951 another scientific organization - the Electrophysical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where, under the leadership of Academician (since 1958), Vladimir Vexler launched work on the creation of a new accelerator - synchrophasotron, proton accelerator for energy 10 GeV - with Record to that time by parameters. The grand constructions, launched (as well as the first artificial satellite of the Earth), in 1957, became a symbol of achievements of domestic science.

So, the two of these major institutions were our launch platform. There were studied research on a large spectrum of the directions of nuclear physics, in which the scientific centers of the JINR member states were interested.

At the Moscow Meeting in March 1956, their representatives were elected by the First Director of the Institute of Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1958), Dmitry Blochintsev, who had previously led the construction of the world's first nuclear power plant (launched in 1954) in Obninsk (Kaluga region). Vice-Directors became Professor Marian Danysh (Poland) and Vaclav Varububa (Czechoslovakia).

The Charter of JINR was approved on September 23, 1956 at the first session of the Committee of Plenipotentiary Representatives of the JINR Member States; In a new edition, he was signed on June 23, 1992. In accordance with the Charter, the Institute operates on the principles of openness to participate all interested countries, their equal mutually beneficial cooperation.

The history of the formation of JINR is associated with the names of the largest scientists and science managers, like Nikolay Bogolyubov, Igor Tamm, Alexander Topchiev, Leopold Infeld, Horin Neo-Nodichansky, Horia Horoubie, Lyosh Yanoshi, and others. In the formation of the main scientific areas and the development of the institute, outstanding physics and Organizers of science Alexander Baldin, Dmitry Blochintsev, Van Ganchan, Vladimir Veksler, Nikolay Govorun, Marian Gmitito, Venedikt Jelpov, Ivo Zvara, Ivan Zlatiev, Vladimir Kadyshevsky, Bowls Kish, Norbert Kroo, Jan Kickhenechnik, Karl Lanius, Le Wang Thaim, Anatoly Logunov , Moses Markov, Victor Matveyev, Mikhail Meshcheryakov, Georgi Nadzhakov, Nguyen Van Hieua, Yuri Oganesyan, Lenard Pal, Gainz Pose, Bruno Pontecorvo, Vladislav Sarantsev, Namsarain Sodon, Ryrhard Sosnovski, Aureliu Sendulescu, Albert Tavhelidze, Ivan Todorov, Ivan Ion Ursu, Georgy Fleroov, Ilya Frank, Hristo Christ, Ange Khrykevich, Scherban Tsitysyak, Fyodor Shapiro, Dmitry Shirskova, Yezhi Yanik, etc. names of many of Their streets and alleys in Dubna are named.

According to the spectrum of the activities of JINR, is a unique international scientific organization, but not the first in time of appearance on the scientific map of the world. Almost two years earlier near Geneva, the European Nuclear Research Organization (CERN) was formed in Switzerland and France, designed to consolidate the efforts of Western European countries to study the fundamental properties of matter. It accelerated the formation of our institute as an institution that united the scientific potential of Eastern European countries and a number of Asia states (not by chance in one of the first documents of the JINR, called the Eastern Institute of Nuclear Research).

All this was the result of an understanding that no area of \u200b\u200bfundamental science is comparable to nuclear physics, and develop this scope of knowledge alone - a low-job occupation, besides, it acts as a generator of ideas, it stimulates not only many other natural sciences, but and technical progress in general. In addition, only openness and internationally are a guarantee of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

And the preparation of accelerated proton beams on a synchrophasotron with an energy of up to 10 GeV allowed JINR to immediately engage in the search for new elementary particles and the previously unknown laws of the mysterious microworld. With unprecedented enthusiasm and innovation in Dubna, they did something that there were no analogues and what newspapers were invariably writing "for the first time in the world."

Thus, at the International Conference on High Energy Physics of 1959 in Kiev (i.e., only two years after the launch of synchrophasotron), the first results were presented to study the properties of the birth of strange particles in peony-nucleon interactions at energies above 6 GeV. In particular, Vladimir Veksler, Van Ganchang, Mikhail Soloviev reported the discovery of the well-known law of conservation of the baryon charge of heavy elementary particles, which include nucleons, hyperons, etc. Particles, as well as new data on the properties of the KSI-minus hyperonov, antiprotons and the hyperonov anti-grades generated in the above interactions.

At the Rochester Conference in Berkeley (USA) in 1960, the physics of the same group again announced the detection of cases of multiple (more than two) formations of strange particles (it includes k-mesons, hyperons, etc.), the establishment of the phenomenon The growth of cross sections of the formation of cows and the KSI-minus hyperonov with the energy of the flushing peonies, as well as on cases of the formation and decay of the new antiparticle - antisigma-minus hyperona. It was the triumph of Dubna scientists.

And a year later, at the conference at CERP, the same group of scientists first demonstrated data on the abundant birth of resonances with the participation of strange particles and reported on the previously unknown resonance F0 (980) - a meson disintegrating on two short-lived neutral casons (the same as - Seasons). This phenomenon is included in the world data tables about particles with reference to the work of the High Energy Laboratory of the JINR.

At the same time, there were original techniques here, for the first time in the world, large hydrogen and propane-freon cameras, etc., were constructed in the world. And the synchrophasotron eventually turned into an accelerator of relativistic nuclei. In addition, it was on it that accelerated polarized deuterons before the record energies of 4.5 GeV on the nucleon.

One of the first topics developed in Dubna was associated with the knowledge of the structure of radioactive nuclei, obtained by irradiation of targets from different substances by protons on the synchrocyclotron. Studies conducted an international team in the scientific and experimental department of nuclear spectroscopy and radiochemistry of the laboratory of nuclear problems. The obtained long-lived isotopes were sent to explore Warsaw, Dresden, Kiev, Krakow, Leningrad, Moscow, Prague, Tashkent, Tbilisi, as well as some scientific centers of non-participating countries.

The world's first pulse reactor IBR (fast neutron reactor), created in the neutron physics laboratory (LTF), also became the center of attraction of physicists from the participating countries of JINR. Many experts of Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, Germany, DPRK, Mongolia, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, etc. have been held here. Subsequently, whole groups of employees with equipment specially prepared for relevant experiments began to come from the participating countries.

One of the most striking examples of international cooperation was the development of the next impulse reactor - the IBR-2 complex, which was attended by institutes and enterprises of Hungary, Poland, Romania, the USSR. Launched in 1984, he gave a powerful impetus to research on physics of condensed media using neutron scattering.

Now the new form of cooperation in IBR-2 has been developed: scientists of any country can submit proposals to hold the experiments they need on the installations acting on the bunches of this reactor. The appropriate expert committee considers the proposal, assesses it. Their recommendations are mandatory for execution, and within the prescribed time the author of the idea together with LNF specialists conducts an experiment. Further studies with the results obtained, the physicist conducts on its main work in contact with our specialists with the help of modern communications.

In the 70s - 80s, scientific centers and enterprises of the participating countries have made a significant contribution to the creation of experimental equipment for the cyclotron U-400. Together with the specialists of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Bucharest, Romania), they accounted for a technical task for the project and production in Romania the transportation system of derived cyclotron beams. And at the Institute of Nuclear Research in reconciliation (Poland) developed a receiving device for observing and identifying charged particles on the focal plane of the MPS-144 magnetic spectrometer. As a result, scientists of the participating countries have helped to create a large experimental installation of Phobos and other attitudes for our laboratory of nuclear reactions, on which unique research is carried out today.

It is appropriate to remember another opening "at the tip of the pen": after a long and unsuccessful attempts of many specialists in the field of high-energy physics to find the so-called top quark (sixth, the last and the hardest particle in this family) a group of theoretics in which the key Scientists of the Dubnensk Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (LTF) played the role. N. N. Bogolyubova, predicted a rather narrow interval of the masses of the masses, where it was necessary to look for a top quark. There this particle and found experimenters of the national accelerating laboratory them. E. Fermi (USA). And recently, our employees in the composition of the collaboration in the Farmievian laboratory have contributed to the measurement of the mass of the top quark: the result is obtained in world practice.

It should be emphasized that the modern quark model is unthinkable without fundamental works of Dubnen theorists: the hypothesis of color quarks, a quark bag, etc. (Nikolay Bogolyubov, Albert Tavhelidze, Viktor Matveyev, etc.).

Many nuclear scientific centers of the participating countries their appearance are largely obliged to Dubna: thanks to JINR, their experimental base has developed, large nuclear and physical installations have been created. Currently, collaboration on the construction of a cyclotron for Slovakia continues. In December 2003, in Astana on the Collegium of the Ministry of Energy and natural resources The Republic of Kazakhstan approved a joint project for the creation for Eurasian National University. L. N. Gumileva Interdisciplinary Research Complex based on the DC-60 heavy ion accelerator developed in JINR. At the end of 2005, the creation of an accelerator was completed.

At the turn of the 1980s - 1990s, we survived a hard time. Perestroika, the collapse of the USSR and the Socialist Commonwealth, the cardinal socio-political changes and the cruel economic crisis in most of the countries mentioned - all this made the position of the institute almost critical. However, he survived, primarily due to the highest level of theoretical and experimental studies conducted in it, the traditions of its scientific schools, a unique scientific base and a selfless dedication to the science of a highly qualified team of scientists, specialists, workers. In this transition period, the Directorate of the Institute led by Academician Vladimir Kadyshevsky conducted a lot of work to preserve a unique scientific center, maintaining its international relations and the further development of its scientific and technical cooperation.

Exclusively an important event For the Institute, the Federal Law "On Ratification of Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on Location and Conditions of the United Institution of Nuclear Research in the Russian Federation" has become for the institute. It formulates the conditions that Russia undertakes to adhere to the JINR activities to be successful and fruitful. Thus, we were confirmed by legal guarantees that correspond to generally accepted international standards.

At this stage of our development, it became clear that the cooperation of the participating countries at our institute should gain a qualitatively new character: to be mutually beneficial, based on the real possibilities of relevant states. These are the current principles of the Institute's activities that determine its strategy, development prospects, priority areas of research.

JINR members today are 18 states: Azerbaijan Republic, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Bulgaria, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Republic of Georgia, Republic of Kazakhstan, Korean People's Democratic Republic, Republic of Cuba, Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, Republic of Poland, Russian Federation, Romania , Slovak Republic, Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukrainian Republic, Czech Republic. At the government level, agreements on cooperation of the Institute with Germany, Hungary, Italy and South Africa are concluded.

JINR is still truly an international scientific center. His senior governing body is the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of All 18 Member States. He discusses the budget, plans scientific research and capital construction, reception of new states in the members of the Institute, etc.

The Scientific Policy of the Institute develops the Scientific Council, which, in addition to representatives of the participating countries, includes well-known physicists from CERN, Germany, Italy, China, USA, France, Greece, Belgium, the Netherlands, India and other countries.

The permanent authority is the Board of JINR, elected by the Committee of Plenipotentiaries. Leading specialists of the institute member states are elected to senior senior positions.

Since the formation of JINR, a wide range of studies has been completed here and scientific cadres of higher qualifications have been prepared for the participating countries of the Institute, including many scientists, now occupying leading positions in science. Among them are the presidents of the National Academies of Sciences, the leaders of the largest nuclear institutions and universities.

As part of JINR, eight laboratories, each of which is comparable to the scale of research with a large institution. In total, we have about 6,000 people, of which more than 1,200 are researchers, including real members and correspondent members of the National Academies of Sciences, over 260 doctors and 630 candidates of science, dozens of laureates of international and state premiums, about 2,000 engineers and technicians.

So, LTF them. N. N. Bogolyubova is one of the world's largest centers of theoretical studies in the field of particle physics and quantum field theory, nuclear physics and physics of condensed media. Current findings in the listed areas are successfully combined here with effective theoretical support for experiments. A distinctive feature of Dubna theorists is a wide range of scientific interests in combination with the brightness of physical ideas and the severity of mathematical research. Important component of LTF activities - development of cooperation in the field educational programs With JINR member countries and attracting talented young employees, students, graduate students.

Experimental studies in the physics of elementary particles are actively carried out in JINR from the moment of its formation. The study of the processes of birth and interaction of elementary particles is the direct path of knowledge of the structure of matter. Scientists of particle physicists (LFC) and laboratories of nuclear problems (LDAP). V. P. Jelepov conducts experiments on this program not only in Dubna, but also at the largest accelerators at CERN, the Institute of High Energy Physics (Protvino, Russia), the National Acceleration Laboratory. E. Fermi (Batavia, USA), Brookhewen National Laboratory (Upton, USA), German Syncrotron (Hamburg, Germany). At the same time, a new form of cooperation of scientific groups was born first different countries - "Physics at a distance", which allowed the teams to engage in scientific research to scientists who would not be able to carry out similar work on the largest accelerators.

Let's say, the Lump is among the leading world centers operating in the field of high, low and intermediate energies. The most important, promising experiments - in particle physics, including neutrine studies, the study of nuclear structure, including relativistic nuclear physics and nuclear spectroscopy; Study of the properties of condensed media, the creation of new accelerators, biological and biomedical research on the Dubna phasotron. Nowadays, the students of the laboratory are headed by scientific teams in Protvino (Moscow region) and Gatchina (St. Petersburg), leading institutions, higher educational institutions and major laboratories in Belarus, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, other countries.

High Energy Lab (LVE). V.I. Veksler and A. M. Baddina - an accelerator center for a wide range of relevant studies in such an interval of beam energy, where the transition from the effects of the nucleon structure of the kernel to the manifestations of the asymptotic behavior of the characteristics of its interactions occurs. The laboratory carries out extensive international scientific cooperation with CERN, physical centers of Russia, USA, Germany, Japan, India, Egypt and other countries. Over the years, 9 discoveries have been made here. For the successful implementation of the research program on relativistic nuclear physics, they put forward the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a new specialized superconducting accelerator - Nuclotron. It was commissioned in 1993 and at the end of 1999 completed the creation of a slow output system of the beam of accelerated protons.

Today, Nuclotron is the only similar complex, which can provide a large variety of beams for experiments for experiments (from protons to iron nuclei) and satisfy such conditions as: precision energy change, the required level of intensity, long stretching and uniformity of the temporary structure of the output beams, Their profile required for experiments.

Work on the synthesis of new heavy and superheavy elements, the study of their physical and chemical properties was and remain the main direction of the scientific program of the laboratory of nuclear reactions (LAR). G. N. Flerova. For 5. recent years Here, 17 isotopes of new chemical elements with atomic numbers from 112 to 118 were synthesized. The observation of dozens of decay events of new superheavy nuclei became possible after a significant improvement of accelerators used and experimental methods. Today, the Institute is the world leader in the synthesis of superheavy nuclei, enriching the Mendeleev table with new synthesized elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 116, 118. Recognition of the outstanding contribution of our scientists in modern physics and chemistry was the decision of the International Union of Clean and Applied Chemistry for Assignment 105th element of the periodic system of elements D. I. Mendeleev named "Dubney".

Laboratory of neutron physics (LDF) them. I. M. Frank is an active member of the world community of neutroners. Here are studying physical phenomena in solid bodies and liquids, new properties of materials. Conduct theoretical and experimental studies of high-temperature superconductivity, compounds with complex structures, which is especially important for biology, chemistry, pharmacology. A number of scientific developments developed in world science are initiated by the works first made in LNF. We mention the study of the properties of ultracold neutrons, effects of spatial parity in neutron resonances, the effects of pulsed magnetic fields on the structure of a substance, the use of a small-angle technique.

Extremely important area - information technology, computer networks and computing physics. These works are focused on the laboratory of information technologies created by the Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Mikhail Meshcheryakov. Specialists of this laboratory carefully analyze the achievements in the field of computer technologies and seek to develop everything current and promising. Their main task is successfully solved - providing modern telecommunications, network and information and computational means of theoretical and experimental studies.

The particle physics laboratory was formed in 1988 to conduct relevant experimental studies at the advanced accelerators of the world. The scientific programs of the laboratory involved the institutions of the JINR member countries, which makes it possible to concentrate intelligent and material resources, thereby ensuring a significant contribution to international projects.

The laboratory of radiation biology is the youngest "young" in JINR - was established in 2005 on the basis of separation of radiation and radiobiological studies. Methods of nuclear physics are used here to study the mechanisms for the interaction of ionizing radiation with a substance, and the basic settings of the institute are used when carrying out interesting radiobiological experiments. On the account of Dubna Radiobiologists, many achievements that were highly appreciated by the international scientific community. Thus, in 1985, in Prague in the XIX European Conference on Radiation Biology, a message was made about the theory of impact of radiation on living cells, for the first time in the world proposed by our specialists. The reaction to this was the desire of scientists of the Netherlands, Germany and other countries to cooperate with JINR, exchange research results.

It is important that the institute has created excellent conditions for teaching talented youth. In 1991, in Dubna on the basis of Dubne branches of the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics. D. V. Skobeltsyn MSU, Moscow State Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation, Basic Department of MFTI, MEPhi discovered an educational and scientific center for specialized physics learning. Here, students are completing training, taking practice in the laboratories of the institute and prepare thesis work Under the guidance of leading scientists. The institute has a graduate school. Here students are constantly trained from universities in CIS countries, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Germany, etc., the workshops on our installations annually organize. By the way, we use all the possibilities to support students. One example is a UNESCO Grant, obtained under the JINR Agreement with UNESCO and intended for practical training and research in Dubna within two months. The participants of these workshops were 18 young scientists from Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Poland and Russia.

In 1994, at the initiative of the JINR Directorate, with the active participation of the administrations of the Moscow Region and the City, the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, the International University of Nature, Society and Man "Dubna" was established.

For 50 years of its existence, JINR was a kind of bridge between the West and the East, contributing to the development of extensive international scientific and technical cooperation. We support links with more than 700 scientific centers and universities in 60 countries of the world. Only in Russia, our largest partner, cooperation with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and firms from 40 cities.

On a mutually beneficial basis, support contacts with the IAEA, UNESCO, the European individual, the international center of theoretical physics in Trieste. Over a thousand scientists come to Dubna annually, and we have scholarships from developing countries.

The volume of joint work is allocated collaboration with scientific centers of France and Italy. In 1957, Dubna visited the laureate of the Nobel Prize Jean-Frederick Jolio-Curie (Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1947). In memory of his visit, one of the streets of Dubna is named after him. Interest in us was also manifested by the Commissariat for the Atomic Energy of France - our institute took the High Commissioner of this organization Francois Persian. In 1972, a protocol was signed on cooperation between JINR and the National Institute of Nuclei Physics and Elementary Particles (France). In 1992, a new, general agreement on the future of our development was concluded. It is not by chance that one of the streets of the French city of Kan is called "Avenue de Dubna", which symbolizes the fruitful scientific relations of the National Laboratory of Ganil (a large national accelerator of heavy ions) located in this city, from JINR. Joint experimental studies of stability boundaries, light exotic cores in 1994 were supported by a special grant of the French government, in 1997 he was extended for another three years. But that general work It did not end: in particular, an agreement was reached that LAR focuses on the synthesis of superheavy elements, and Ganil will explore the behavior of exotic cores. At the same time, joint groups of scientists and specialists will work in Dubna and in Cana.

Currently, our and Italian scientists unites the International Project Borsecino on measuring the solar thread of the solar neutrino and the study of the neutrinos oscillation phenomenon using a low-phoned calorimetric detector with a liquid scintillator created in the underground laboratory of Grand Sasso (Italy). A group of Dubna employees has made a great contribution to the creation of a prototype of this installation, as well as data analysis and obtaining the first results. In 2000, the Joint Protocol on Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Italian Republic and the Russian Federation assigned the first priority project, and in 2003 it was transferred to the discharge of experiments of particular importance.

Starting from the 1970s, after individual scientific contacts with American colleagues, closer JINR connections are developing with US national centers. This stage opened a visit to Dubna in 1969, Tlenna Siborg, who was then the chairman of the US atomic energy commission. In 1972, when the National Acceleration Laboratory them. E. Fermi derived its accelerator to the working mode, in the first experiments on it, American physicists invited our colleagues to participate. By the time, the original hydrogen gas target was made in Dubna, similar to those who later equipped the leading scientific centers of the United States and European countries. And today, the same American partners continue to actively cooperate with us: so, on the proton accelerator - Tevatron - a large international team, including from Dubna, performs a number of major projects.

However, today JINR has extensive connections with more than 70 American laboratories and universities in all areas of its activities, among them Brookhewan and Livermore National Labs.

For many decades, fruitful cooperation of JINR and CERN has been developing. Created half a century ago in the conditions of confrontation between two military blocks, they did not stop intensive cooperation even at the most dark years of the Cold War. During this time, dozens of joint experiments are performed by them. The first one of them is Na-4 to deeply scattering muons, which was performed in the collaboration of Bologna-Cerner-Dubna-Munich-Sakle. For the experimental installation, we manufactured a 50-meter magnet core and 80 proportional cameras. In addition, our scientists have made a great contribution to the scientific search itself, ranging from the development of a physical proposal before receiving results.

Today's cooperation is the participation of JINR in 27 major projects of CERN, including in three of the four experiments on the Great Hadron Collider: Atlas, CMS and Alice. This accelerator will allow you to penetrate as deeply inside the matter, shed light on many secrets of the universe (the conditions of the early Universe will be recreated - 10-21 seconds after a large explosion); It will help to solve one of the cornerstone puzzles of physics - to reveal the nature of the particles; Thereby make a high-quality leap in the development of scientific worldview, technology and technology. On this collider (LHC), the circumference of 27 km will accelerate two beam moving in opposite directions. At the points of their intersection there are four huge in size and the most complicated installation. In 2007, they must earn, and since each second of them will be over a billion collisions, it can be represented as an inexhaustible flow of information to be collapsed into physicists ...

On the basis of its supercomputer center, our Institute takes part in creating a Russian regional data center with LHC, which will be an integral part of the project of the European Union "HEP EU-GRID".

I will note that JINR and CERN annually since 1997 conduct a joint exhibition "Science Rates Peoples." She successfully passed in Oslo, Paris, Geneva, Brussels, Moscow, Bucharest, Dubna, Yerevan and Thessaloniki.

JINR scientists are indispensable participants in many international and national scientific conferences. A good tradition was the holding of schools of young scientists. So, for the third year, the conference "Methods of nuclear physics and accelerators in biology and medicine" is successfully successful.

Every year, in the editorial office of many journals and organizing committees of conferences, the Institute sends more than 1,500 articles and reports, which represent about 3,000 authors. It is interesting to note that in a number of scientific and educational centers operating in Russia, JINR in the number of publications per year (and a number of other integral indicators) is steadily included in the top five.

At the session of the Committee of Plenipotentiary Representatives of JINR, it was decided to support the project for the creation of a special economic zone of the Dubna technopark, which is supposed to be implemented on the basis of a private-state partnership in a course of transformations occurring in Russia and in the interests of the participating countries of JINR.

The organization of such a zone will benefit the scoundrels, will allow you to attract the necessary investments. Promotes this and adopted in 2005 federal law "On Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation". According to the results of the relevant competition announced by the Government of the Russian Federation, Dubna received the status of a special economic zone of a technical and introduction type. Here, around the only international intergovernmental scientific center in Russia, an "innovative belt" will be created, which has already expressed interest to a number of companies in JINR member countries. The technical and introduction zone "Dubna" will develop in collaboration with colleagues - scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Rosatom, as well as with partners in industry and business.

For 50 years, the Joint Nuclear Research Institute has been developing as a major multidimensional international scientific center, which successfully integrated fundamental theoretical and experimental studies, the development and application of the latest technologies, university education in the relevant areas of knowledge.

Professor Alexey Sisakian, Director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research