Who invented the bed. The origin of the word "bed". The bed is a very familiar piece of furniture. And we are little thinking what historical path of development. She has undergone before purchasing a modern appearance.

The bed is a very familiar piece of furniture. And we are little thinking what historical path of development, it has undergone before it has acquired a modern appearance.

For a long time, people slept in groups. And the more those were, the safer the dream was considered. Even now in some African, Guinean and Australian tribes, the tradition of community sleep has been alive. For him, a large building is distinguished, in which the whole tribe is located with the onset of the night.

At the dawn of civilization, people slept together. And, of course, they slept on Earth, her grass, trees, trees or animal skins. Everything has changed when houses appear. They began to stand out separate rooms for sleep. Naturally, there was a place for sleep in the bedroom, but it was no longer a laying, but a rather noticeable elevation.
True, it was tough and narrow. And nevertheless, on such an uncomfortable bed, he slept - Sumerian, Assyrian, Egyptian.

But the ancient Romans such a askey was not likely. Warm patriots most appreciated their own comfort and wanted to sleep with all sorts of amenities. This desire led to the appearance of a bed, or rather her speculation. He was an exaltation covered with rich fabrics and fur. At such a bed, the approximate emperor was not safe.

It was from their number that the governors were chosen. They drove to the land conquered by Rome and brought there their habits, traditions, household items and furnishings. The last one was primarily a bed.
The situation has changed only in the Middle Ages. At this time, stone houses and castles began to build in Europe. That is what gave a push to arrange a bed.
It began his elevation. The reason for this was a banal cold. Rather, not cold, but drafts on the housing floors.

Therefore, the bed began to grow above the floor, and rather rapidly. At first, the bed was arranged on a small pedestal. Then he began to lead several steps to him. And after some time there were such beds for which it was necessary to climb the stairs.

Gradually, the beds became a real work of art. They were made of the most valuable wood, covered with surprisingly thin carvings and decorated with various figures. Such products had tremendous value, they even became military prey.

In the Middle Ages there was another transformation - a canopy to the canopy. The Romans often walked their bed with translucent matter, which defended his sleeping from insects. In medieval Europe, this light canopy was transformed into the Baldahin, enveloping the bed from all sides. Dense fabric did not so much protected from flies and mosquitoes, how much from the cold.

The royal "restructuring" did not affect the peasant families. There, as before, continued to sleep on the yield - highly arranged wooden flooring. There was another place to sleep - the Russian oven, which during the whole night retained her warmth and warmed lying.

It was the most cozy corner in the house, so he was given to old men, sick and young children. Adults and healthy people were ordered to sleep on the reagents. In many peasant families, such a way was preserved up to the twentieth century.

As for the merchant families, it also reigned strictly defined way. The bedroom contained a standard set of items, starting with the bed and ending with a slide where the dishes were kept, as well as a constant silver samovar.

The setting of the bedroom was dowry wives. Her parents are more expensive than the bed. It was huge, with a lush pariina and many pillows, which thoroughly scrambled and stacked one to another. Perf Perina caused only contempt. You can even say - disgraced the bride's family. The price was fluff. Therefore, the mother prepared dowry for her daughter almost immediately after her birth.

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In China, the attributes of fertility always decorated bed linen. Mainly on it appeared fish and small Chinese clarops. They have always been depicted in a very bright background - predominantly pink and red. Eastern people Never neglected the psychology of color and believed that bright laundry promotes married harmony, and also makes the room more cozy.
Russian people have always been very carefully prepared for the departure to sleep. At first, children were laid and infant babies. Only when complete silence was reigned in the house, the hostess could do his own person.

We were lucky more than those who lived to us. Progress - Great thing! We can choose a bed of different designs, with different functions. From the classics to Heytec, from the water bed to the bed on the airbag.

From the last bedtop trends, you can select the following:

Advanced linen box. It is done, for example, spherical shape.
The headboard began to equip the shelves and lamps. Both innovations will especially delight those who like to read before bedtime. The shelf in the headboard can become an alternative to the bedside table for those who fight for the free space in the bedroom.
Soft backs: and learn comfortably, and looks like a bed more comfortable.

Trendy for living room combined wood (nut, cherry) and glass got to bedrooms. Also from living rooms and dining rooms in the bedroom swore fashion for silk-glossy surfaces.
For the decor, inserts from a natural tree or from a film imitating its texture.

Naturally, the "bed" production is based on the most general principle of a healthy lifestyle. Hence the orthopedic prefix to many mattresses and lattices.

Who invented the bed? When there were no beds, people slept on Earth or on the floor of their home. Of course, it was inconvenient, so with the times the sleeping place began to do on the elevation. For a long time, household items served as the beds: chests, boxes, shops. So realized a peculiar savings of space: the day all these items played one role, at night another. IN Ancient Egypt The bed first became a separate piece of furniture. It was the ancient Egyptians that came up with lifting bed above the ground - at least, the archaeologists consider so much. First of all, she appeared in houses of secured people. For such owners, a rather complicated furniture for sleep was made enough. In the corners from the bed, the columns were left, on which the roof was attached above the sleeping place. On the bus itself led the steps. It was fenced with curtains. In general, such beds were pretty comfortable, and when they began to decorate decorative elements, to break the curtains of the Baldakhin and so on, they became also very beautiful. IN Ancient Rome The beds were so necessary for people to taste that they began to equip them hardly in each room. In the bedroom stood a sleeping bed, in the dining room was drinking. Imagine, for students there was even a training bed, on which it was possible to lie to rest after the lesson or reflect on some difficult task. That's how the bed has become not so many furniture for sleep, how much is the likeness of the chair or chairs. Beds were even equipped with some theaters. People could sit down on them and watch performances. By the way, this is even in modern worldBeds are in the auditorium of one of the foreign cinemas. The complex design of beds, as well as their rich decoration was adopted in Russia. Wood carving, the gilding of the details richly decorated the beds and did not just make them products for everyday use, but luxury objects. The mirror over the bedroom is also russian invention. The reflecting surfaces made of fine metal began to do on the "roof" of the beds in approximately the XVII century. Beautiful products cost fabulous money! In those days, a comfortable bed for sleep was available only to the richest and most significant person, and the simple people spent the night on the yield and shops. One of the most luxurious examples of beds "classic" design to this day is located in the bedroom of King Louis (King Sun) in Versailles. There was time, and the beds began to become more practical and laconic performed, and therefore more accessible simple people. So they began to "settle" ordinary houses. People usually did them from the bars and boards. Of course, when moving "into the people", the beds were lost first the roof, then the columns, and finally ceased to the base on the four legs. Now it is these beds that are familiar to our view and cause our most obvious sympathy, despite the fact that it is a reduced and defective version with historical positions. In the evolution of beds there were a lot of bizarre turns. For example, in the Middle Ages in large families it was customary to do just giant beds. They were made by such not because there were a lot of space in homes, and not because people wanted to build super beds for comfortable sleep. Thus, people saved space - they all slept in one place, and each member of numerous families did not need to organize individual bed seats and sleep rooms. In addition, at home they were not heated, so it was still a little warmer to sleep together. Interestingly, if a guest came to the house and remained to spend the night, he was invited to lie down everything on the same bed, along with the owners and their children. If you continue the conversation about the large beds, the beds of La Paisa, who lived in France, was more than a decent magnitude. The dimensional number of the then beds did not know this maximalism: the total area of \u200b\u200bthe bed was 10 square meters. Of course, this "out of the rank" product was made not because the lady loved to smoke in a dream. Currently, beds are a great set, they are very different in appearance and design. But, despite the fact that each person has the opportunity to choose furniture for sleep, ideally corresponding to his personal ideas about comfort, many of us do not. Not intentionally, of course: just in the existing manifold is very difficult to navigate. In addition, not everyone knows what is better and more useful to sleep - on the sofa, beds or something else. But this is another story ... which can be found in our "Studio-comfort." Kopeisk, Pr. Slav, d. 5 A #Custom-made furniture # Kopeisk # Studio_YUT74 # Frescoes

Currently, it is impossible to imagine a children's room without a baby cot or cradle, which today are essential attributes for children and, as a rule, are purchased by parents even before the birth of a small one. However, such a procedure for things still a couple of centuries ago simply did not exist.
The baby, as a rule, young mothers laid the tayushki with a sideproof with them or struck some room space for these purposes (most often curtain). In the latter case, the curtain was intended to, in order to say modern tongue, to ensure the kid "personal space" for sleep. Baby sleeping facilities up to the seventeenth century remained luxury, which could only afford that the most privileged individuals.

First childrensky crits - These are cradle or cradle. The cradle, or Sybka - usually the name of the false crib, it swung, fixed under the ceiling. Easy Sybka (bodywork), cradle woven from pine shoes, suspended on cherochovy handles to the eye and had a footboard for swing. Point is a flexible pole attached to the ceiling math. According to the legends of some indigenous peoples of Siberia, the gods descended the first person from heaven in the cradle, rocking on the golden chain. And every new little man seemed to "descended from the sky" in his cradle suspended under the ceiling. Sometimes a children's bed - the cradle - was some "hoops", which were spent behind the corners on the ropes. To swing the cradle could not only on the ropes, but also with the help of the stand.

Floor cradle "Vanka-stand"
And in the folk destroyer of the city there was another shape of the cradle - the floor, which swung on the principle of "Vanki-standing".

In the old peasant family in the Russian peasant families, when the child came out of his prayer, he was able to sleep in the bed, where parents or senior brothers and sisters slept.
The first cribs were made for newborns, of course, from the tree, and the manufacture of them was structural handicraft. The first cots for newborns had some functionality. For example, many samples preserved to our times are endowed with a special functional stand, which assumes swaying a bed from side to side. Such cradles most often made from different varieties Tree, they were produced, as they say, at home.

It was worth the kid a little to grow up and learn to sit on his own, as it was immediately deprived of a cozy town in their own cradle and shifted in small sizes, which was also performed from wood and stored under the foundation of a large parent bed. Later, for the purposes of the greatest convenience of storage, such cribs began to produce on special wooden wheels, which allowed to move a crib for a newborn baby to a large bed of parents or to another place.
In the eighteenth century in European countries, handicraft carpentry production cribs for newborns has become a profitable business and acquired massive popularity. It was worth such cribs that there were all reliable historical sources in this, so not many parents could afford to have such a luxury in their own house. With the eighteenth century, many functional developments associated with the cradles, the aggregate of which to the top-middle of the next, nineteenth century, allowed us to close to the creation of those sample prototypes of modern baby cots for newborns, to which we, modern inhabitants have been accustomed to.

However, as long as the process of making baby beds remained the work of the hands of single masters, the prices of this item of children's furniture remained very high, and, therefore, cots were considered a luxury, only an elite. It is not surprising that in many families cots for newborns were transmitted, as they say, from the Father to the Son, and had the status of a certain family relic. As a rule, baby cots were used as a sleeping place for many karapusov alternately: as soon as the child grown out of the bed, his place occupied a newborn.

By the beginning of the twentieth century there is a splash of popularity of cots for newborns. This is due, first of all, with the development of the industry and the production of the beds on the production conveyor. In the twentieth century, they received fame and so familiar to the modern understanding of the concept of "children's room", "Baby bed", "Cot for newborns" and so on. Appearance And the functional sings of cots for newborns have undergone a significant evolution, but also in century by twentieth, as well as, and twenty-first, their strength and comfort are considered the main qualities of the baby cub.

Currently, there are quite rigorous safety standards for the production of newborns for newborns, which are updated from year to year, walking down a foot with the development of the most massive cribs industry. Newest Development In the field of production of modern beds for newborns are subject to mandatory testing for safety and safety for kids. But despite this, and today's parents, like hundreds of years ago, follows the safety and comfort of the baby even in the most modern bed for newborns.

Date Date: 2014-11-30

Why did the bed named the "bed"?

This word comes from Greek, "Krabbation" - so in ancient Greek named lodge,
on which people slept or rested. In Russian, this word connected with the original Slavic "shelter",
So the word "bed" arose. The more accurate word "bed" from "go to bed, put" is now considered obsolete.

Pleasure not for everyone

The usual for everyone and such a necessary bed was once available not to all.
The bed became an indicator of the development of material culture and appeared at a certain stage of civilization.
Primitive people They knew only the litter from the skins or moss. The first primitive bed resembled a big bark and slept in it the whole family,
Several people. With the development of civilization, individual places for sleep appeared, but they were first of the privilege of rulers - for example,
The tombs have retained for us flat Lodge Pharaohs.

When in the store you decide which bed to choose, try to include imagination and penetrate into the depths of centuries.
It turns out that the Greeks and the Romans slept on the sample of a modern frame bed that stand in furniture stores.

The frame was usually bronze or wooden, it was decorated with ivory and precious metals.
The role of the "orthopedic mattress" performed hay, leaves or bags filled with cotton or wool.
But the poor still spread the skins or their simple things to sleep.

European style

In medieval Europe wide, up to 4 meters the width of the bed were, according to the ancient custom, multi-site, the whole family slept there.
An welcome guest in respect of the owners was invited to divide the bed with them. Only noble people slept in the private bed.
But the climate of Europe, not as soft, as in Greece, contributed its adjustments to the culture of sleep. In the gaming houses it was possible to make it possible only to a hot spot or in a warm bed.
Sleep on health cheese did not add. Therefore, in the Middle Ages, the beds raised on the platform, to which several steps were led.
The bedside table appeared in Europe for the same reason: it was very cold, and people came up with supplying the bed of the roof with which the dense curtains descended.
And once again seeing cozy beds in the film about knights with a canopy, unwittingly think: romantic, but cold!

Revival bed

The revival era elevated a separate bed hardly in the royal san. The bed began to symbolize the well-being and a happy maritime union.
Bed owners strongly emphasized this: they decorated their lyrics with gold, intimidately painted with paints, inlaid the head of the head of the head of the head. The first sleeping headsets appear and the bedroom assembly is already needed.
Any expensive canopy and bedspreads needed to change every day.
All this emphasized the status of the owners. The nobles were considered to be attended by the wake of the king and stood around the bed in rank,
Depending on the personal merit or whims of the sovereign, the closer to the royal lie, the more prestigious.
In the baroque era, that is, in the 17-18th centuries, it entered the custom of taking visitors, not rising from the bed.
Louis 14 gave audience, aplex on his luxurious bed.
The bed was a piece goods, the work of art, new models of beds with various novelties entered fashion like dresses:
The Baldakhin appeared, they came up with putting the curtains on the hoop, the lush sultans appeared in the decoration.

And how about us?

We have a dream in Russia and read, the pious people necessarily rested after lunch.
Fabric beds for the sovereign were brought by the sea through the Archangel ports.
Until the mid-19th century, a simple person and even sometimes the merchants slept in a simple way, on the furnace, on the climb or on the shops.
The merchants even slept with merchant scope. Their beds were unusual height and were considered the highest. A bed, as in many epochs, was an indicator of wealth.
The best beds of German production laid lush down festivals. You just do not lie like this bed. The merchants stacked to sleep, only substituting the ladder or chair.
Urban residents put on the beds of Perina or mattresses, stood the bed with a cover or a quilted blanket. Embroidered or lace seats are included, as well as a pyramid of pillows, with a touching small pad at the top.

Sleep is harmful?

As for a primitive person with disabilities and a modern person, sophisticated by all the benefits of civilization, a place to relax is of great importance. The history of the development of the bed reflects the stages of the development of society and technical progress.

Archaeologists argue that the most ancient objects of furniture that acting the role of the bed were reminded, rather, a large quiet, designed immediately for several people. Primitive people slept on Earth, making a small deepening corresponding to human growth. This deepening was dried with branches, grass and animal skins.

The Egyptians were the first guessed to lift the bed over the ground, creating the first similarity of the modern bed. Egyptian bronze-century wooden beds were a rectangular frame on four legs in the form of a paw of animal, covered with belts or ropes in the form of a grid. They published this bed covered with the Golden Shell, reminded the proudly of a walking lion or a wolf, on the back of which a sleeping man could lie. The ancient Egyptian pharaohs rested on beautifully decorated benches, and the simple Egyptians slept on elevations from boards and stones, and sometimes on mattresses with hay.

Ancient Roman bronze bed benches also had a slightly raised headboard. It was in Rome that a wooden bed (lectus) arose with a back in the headboard, decorated with bronze linings. Pillows and mattresses were stuffed with ordinary wool, and later - familiar already goose feathers. The Romans walked their sleeping place with expensive translucent matter, which later became a canopy. In the XII century, the Baldakhins were attached to the ceiling beams, and a little later (in the XIV-XV centuries) - to the frame. In the XVI-XVII centuries, Baldakhins spread throughout Europe, turning into real tents.

Greek bed for sleep was called "Crabbation". Apparently, from this word there is a modern name of such an indispensable interior object as "bed". On the bed for the meal (wedge) during lunch, Greek men were alert, and women were usually sitting on chairs. The wedge was different with curly legs, magnificent mattress and a characteristic low headboard.

Eastern beds were decorated with exquisite curtains or canopy. In the Epoch of the Early Middle Ages, the beds were peculiar to luxury and delightful inlay from gems and ivory at the head of the head of the head. In the Middle Ages, the beds raised higher and higher above the floor due to the elementary cold and banal drafts. As a result, people climbed the stairs on the bed. Then the sleeping places began to turn into real works of art. They were made from valuable trees, decorated with ornament and painstakingly covered their finest threads. Such beds because of their high cost even became military prey.

In the Middle Ages on the bed were only rich people. Under the pillows in the pillowcases put the rollers. Mattures were covered with parina on which two sheets were cast. In the houses of poor people, the bed penetrates only in the era of the late Middle Ages in the form of a large bed, on which all the households slept.

In Russia, they learned about the beds at the beginning of the XVII century, but they became popular only under Peter I and then only among the nobility. The peasants were content with wooden flooring or traditional Russian oven until the XIX century. From the entire setting of the bedroom, as a rule, it was most expensive than the bed with a lush perina, a huge amount of pillows and fluff or feather perina.

In the XVIII century there were 2 varieties of beds: "French" (with one back) and "Polish" (with backs along the wall and on both sides). The first was placed in the center of the bedroom, and the second was usually put in Alcove. At the end of the XVIII century, bed design is noticeably simplified, and only drapery is used to decorate.

In 1824, the French Master Master made a noticeable invention - he invented a spring grid. Metal pipes changed the tree in the production of beds, and the ideas of inventors were based on such a metal structure until the middle of the XX century.

In the middle of the XX century, a sofa bed began to appear in small apartments. In 1968, Ch. Hall with his team created a water bed whose popularity has increased in the 70s. In 1990, a master of the name of Murphy was designed for his patent on the wall of the wall. These models can be found in fashionable furniture catalogs even today.

Currently, the choice of beds is simply huge. The progress of the XXI century allowed to create beds of any design, of any size, height, widths, with a whole set of diverse functions: from a classic bed to a stunning high-tec, from the bed on the airbags to the water mattress. The main thing when choosing a bed do not forget that your sleep, health, health and, as a result, success in all endeavors depends on its convenience.