Florida (Peninsula). B. due to higher summer temperatures
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Examination tasks with a detailed answer.
1.In the Moscow region a long-term Merzlota is absent, and in the south
Transbaikalsky region it is widespread. What features of climate
Transbaikal Territory contribute to the preservation of many years of
merzlot? Specify two features. If you specify more than two features,
only two, specified first, will be evaluated.
1.Perennial Merzlota greatly complicates economic activities, much
appeals construction works. The city of Chita is located on the latitude of Saratov, however
its surroundings are multi-neglected soils are widespread. What
the characteristics of the Transbaikal climate explains the preservation in the vicinity of Chita
perennial marbles? Specify two features. If you specify more than two
features, only two, indicated by the first, will be evaluated. (Supports of the same type,
therefore, the answer is one)
The reason for the formation of many years of permits in the Trans-Baikal Territory
(in Chita) are:
A. Surovable Lightweight Winters, Short Summer
B. the average annual temperature is below 0 ° C.
2. Why on the Florida Peninsula The swamps and wetlands are wetted
earth? One of the reasons is the proliferation of waterproof (or clay and clay)
deposits. Specify two reasons.
A. Peninsula has a flat relief, so the stock is insignificant
B. A large amount of precipitation (or the amount of precipitation exceeds them
evaporation).
3. Why Peninsula Yamal with a small amount of precipitation is characterized
high Warry? Specify two reasons.
A. The amount of precipitation exceeds them evaporation low evaporation
B. Eternal Merzlota prevents moisture seeping
4It takes out that the average salinity of the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean
the greatest compared to other oceans. However, in the Guinean bay it is lower.
Specify two reasons.
A. In the Guinean Bay, the Niger Rivers and Congo, which dismissed the water
5. The salinity of ocean water in the Gulf of Gulf is lower than in the Persian Gulf.
Specify two reasons.
A.V. Guinea Bay falls by the Rivers Niger and Congo, which are despicable water
B. Guinea Bay is located in the equatorial belt where many falls
precipitation, and the Persian Bay is in a tropical belt, alone
significantly less.
6. Why the average salinity of surface waters Baltic Sea much lower
the average salinity of the Atlantic Ocean. For two reasons.
A. The Baltic Sea falls on rivers that have an extensive influence
B. Baltic Sea Interior or Baltic Sea has a weak connection with
7. The soil zone steppes have a much more powerful humus horizon and
A. The taiga falls more precipitation than in the steppe, so humus in the taiga
washed into the bottom horizons.
B. Favon steppes is greater than a vegetable can be in a taiga.
8. What are negative consequences Forest cutting on the southern slopes of the Himalayas?
Specify two reasons.
A. Soil erosion increases or landslide processes are enhanced
B. Flooding during monsoon rains become stronger or declining
soil ability to delay moisture
9. What are negative consequences for ambient may have
construction of a power station cascade on a flat river? Specify two consequences.
A. Construction of a cascade of power plants on a flat river may lead to
that that fertile flooding soil will be derived from turnover or
soils will occur due to the lifting of groundwater.
B. Slowly decreases fish catch.
10. Scientists of many countriesProduction against danger global warming. According to them
calculations by the end of the XXI century air temperature will increase by 6 ° C, and the sea level
rises 88 centimeters. Explain the reasons for the warming of climate and
enhance sea level.
A. The atmosphere increases the number carbon dioxide Because of burning
mineral fuel
B. Melting of mountain and coating glaciers leads to an increase in the level of world
11. Why on the western slopes of the Andes on the latitude of 50 ° snow line passes more than
3000 m lower than 20 ° latitude.
BUT. On latitude 50 ° precipitates more than 20 ° latitude
B. The climate is colder than 20 ° in the same latitude.
12. Why the natural zone of the Volgograd region is replaced by deserts and
semi-deserts of the Astrakhan region?
A. due to fewer precipitation
B. because of higher summer temperatures
radiation more than on Malacca Peninsula?
BUT. On the Arabian Peninsula The angle of falling sunlight is more
B. On the Arabian Peninsula above the transparency of the air
B. On the Peninsula Malacca more cloudy
14. Usually on the coasts of the oceans drops a significant amount of precipitation. but
on the west coasts of the continents in the tropical latitudes of precipitation falls.
Why? Specify two reasons.
A. Along the Western banks of the mainland in tropical latitudes are cold
B. In most cases, winds do not blow from the oceans.
15. The cities of Yaroslavl and Perm are located about the same latitude and
the temperature of January in Perm is significant, than in Yaroslavl. Explain what it is
related by specifying one reason.
winds coming from the Atlantic. The Atlantic Air is the main
it is in this direction that the continentality of the climate is growing, i.e. height
severness winters. Yaroslavl is located west of Perm, so there is warmer.
16. Cities Voronezh and Orenburg are approximately the same latitude and
approximately at the same height above sea level. Nevertheless, the average monthly
the January temperature in Orenburg is significantly lower than in Voronezh. Explain what
East European plain in winter is under the influence of Western
winds coming from the Atlantic. In winter, the Atlantic air is the main
source of heat. Therefore, winter temperatures are replaced from west to east,
them eN but in this direction the continentality of the climate is growing, i.e. height
severness winters. Orenburg is east of Voronezh, so it is colder there.
17.The average saline of the World Ocean -35% Oh, but in its water areas it differs.
For example, in the Baltic Sea, the middle salting is lower than the average: in the straits,
connecting the Baltic Maures Ocean, it is 17-20% o, in the central part
the sea is 6-8% o, in a combat boss 2-4% about. Why the average salinity of the waters of the Baltic
seas below average salinity of the world's ocean? Specify two reasons.
A. Reduced salinity of the Baltic Sea's waters is explained by the fact that in the sea
there are quite a lot of rivers, the fresh waters of which are lowering salinity.
B. Baltic Sea has a weak connection with the ocean or evaporation from the surface
the sea is less than the number of falling precipitation.
18. Why in the pre-rally edge deflection karst form relief
are widespread than in the Urals?
Karst form of relief are formed if the territory is composed by soluble
rocks (gypsum, salts, limestone). For pre-Uralsky
regional deflection more characteristic sediment rocks (Many of which
dissolved when exposed to water). In the Duraral soluble breed less
solid crystalline rocks are prevalent. In addition, in
Pre-rally falls more Osdiaxz than in the Urals.
19.In which region of Russia: Arkhangelsk or Saratov region -
give more attention to measures warning the development of water erosion? Its own
justify the answer.
The intensity of water erosion is determined by the number of drop-down
precipitation, their character, extremes of absolute elevation of relief and degree
deploying the territory. The amount of precipitation that falls within
these territories differ slightly, but height differences in
The Saratov region is more than the Arkhangelsk. Also degree of deposit
territory in the Saratov region is more than in Arkhangelsk. Therefore B.
Saratov region Water erosion is a greater danger than in
water erosion.
20. Creation of the reservoir, the verse put the end of the spring floods below it
flow, but after a while the owners of the farms below
the flow, the reducing productivity of the land, located below
justify.
Can. After the spring floods, a layer of fertile ral remained on the flood.
The cessation of floods led to the termination of it on floodplain, which
could cause a decline in fertility.
21. Read information about the city of Lower Sergi (Sverdlovsk region),
placed on the Internet.
"Historical essay: the city was founded in 1743 as a village during the construction of Ivan
Demidov ChuchuNo-smelter and iron custody of the Lower Seregorginsky plant on r.
Serga. Economy: ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, Lespromhoz. Architecture,
attractions: The city is located in
libery natural intergranta basin, among fir and fir forest. Prevailing
one-storey residential building. In the center of the city -namental buildings. "
Suggest at what time of year and why in the city of Lower Sergi is observed
maximum air pollution.
The city of Lower Sergi is located in the Sverdlovsk region. Winter there usually
the anticyclone with a downward movement of air is dominated. Position B.
the intermountain basin further contributes to the stress of air in the surface
layer and accumulation in it harmful substances.
22. What negative consequences can cause rapid growth gOthe genus located
on the banks of the river, for the rural settlements below?
Justify your answer.
In addition to the possible strengthening of the water pollution of the river, household and
industrial sewage can enhance the spills of the river during the rain period and
melting of the snow and the crust of the river in the arid summer period. Such consequences
may be associated with the destruction of natural vegetation in the river basin
underground flow, which is a river regulator, and increasing
surface drain.
23. What negative consequences can cause forest cutting on the slopes of Caucasian
mountains? Specify at least two consequences.
Cutting down forests leads to a decrease in the soil ability to delay moisture,
strengthening surface runoff, so in the mountainous areas the destruction of forests on
slopes leads, on the one hand, to strengthen the river spill, causing floods,
on the other hand - to strengthen the aquatic erosion, the development of landslides, which causes
damage to agricultural land and populated points.
24. Forest cutting leads to numerous negative change in nature.
Name Possible unfavorable changes in rivers regime related
man of forests in the waterborne basins of rivers. Specify two consequences. If you
specify more than two wowthe consequences will be evaluated only two specified by the first.
Forest vegetation delays surface drain during rain or
melting of snow and contributes to the seeping of water under the ground. Minding forests
leads to strengthening the intensity of the surface drain and reducing
underground. Of - for this, the intensity of the salons and floods increases that
mO it takes to bring to floods, and the water level in the rivers during the domestic
becomes, on the contrary, below, which may make shipping or provision
water consumers.
25. In the tropical latitudes of the southern hemisphere on the Western coasts of the mainland
South America, Africa, Australia are desert. What are the reasons s
the emergence of such deserts? Specify two reasons.
A. B. tropical climatic belts dominual high atmospheric
pressure. The air is lowered down and removed from the saturation of moisture.
B. Another reason is the passage of cold trends along the shores. They are
also do not contribute to the formation of precipitation.
26. At high vertices of the Andes of the Andes are formed by glaciers. They are especially much in temperate
latitudes on the slopes facing the Pacific Ocean. Explain why moderate
latures on the tops of the Andes are formed by glaciers.
A. In moderate latitudes, the Western winds are dominant, which carry on the slopes
mountains are wet air from the Pacific Ocean. When a collision with mountains is wet air
rises up, cooled, and precipitation occurs.
B. Because high in the air temperature is low, sediment falls out
in the form of snow, during the warm season, the fallen snow does not have time to melt,
it accumulates, and glaciers are formed.
27. The Alps and the Scandinavian Mountains are located in Europe. The number of high-rise belts and
the variety of landscapes in the Alps is greater than in the Scandinavian mountains. Explain, S.
what is due to the difference in the amount and composition of the height belts of these two mining systems.
The number of high-rise belts depends on the height of the mountains and their geographical
provisions. The closer the mountains are located and what they are higher, the more
Physical geography of the continents and oceans
North America: North American East
Geographical position. Under the name coastal plains, lowlands are combined on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, along the lower flow of Mississippi, on the Florida Peninsula and on the Atlantic Ocean coast south of the Chesapeake Bay (see the map of the physico-geographical zoning of North America with reference to the photographs of the nature of this region).
Small heights above sea level, plain relief and subtropical climate - the most typical of their features, reflected in the nature of soil and vegetation.
Geological structure. The entire band of lowlands was formed on the site of the immersion of Paleozoic folded structures to which the Appalachi and the Mountains of Woshito also belong. Bending the surface and accumulation of precipitation occurred from the beginning of the chalk period to neogen. In some sections of the coast, for example, in the state of Louisiana, lowering continues and now, reaching considerable quantities, in the middle of about 11 cm for 100 years, and in places and more than 1 cm per year.
The band of the lowlands, the shocking coast of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, is composed of the thickness of the chalk and canine sediments (clay, limestones, sandstones), which are horizontally or obliquely. The lowland of Lower Mississippi is a giant deflection filled with alluvial sediments.
The coastal part of the Primexic Lowland and the Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico is one of the largest oil and gas areas of the mainland. It limits 4,600 petroleum and 3,900 gas fields dedicated to the meso-canine case of a young epigaigzin platform, where hydrocarbons are often accumulated in salt domes. The genetically pool of the Mexican Gulf is associated with an extensive depression, the inside of which is filled with marine waters. Florida Peninsula is known for large phosphorite deposits. The width of the 250-kilometer phosphoritone belt in the north of the peninsula ranges from 10 to 40 km.
Relief. For the relief of the coastal plains, the presence of clearly pronounced steps, which were formed during the sushi consistent lift. In the rear part, the processes of erosion and selective denunciation created a series of Couest, the largest of which ("black prairies") is timed to the outputs on the surface of Eocene limestone and stretches along the preammed lowland for hundreds of kilometers. At the same time, the nature of the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean testifies to recent lowering.
The main feature of the Eastern and South Coast of the United States is the presence of the world's largest system of barrier islands, or island bars. Such islands will be expensive from sushi by 3-30 km and often stretch out several tens of kilometers along the coast, while their width usually does not exceed 2-5 km. Over the past decades, the intensive errors of the barrier islands and their overall shift towards sushi are manifested. Despite the significant dynamism of the barrier system, its island is intensively mastered by a person, many of them are connected to the mainland and are used under the city development.
Of the 282 barrier islands (121 - the Eastern Coast, the rest - at the southern) approximately 70 urbanized, they are large-name -atlantik City, Virginia Beach, etc., Port Galveston, the world famous resort Miami Beach. On the Barrier Island of Merritt, the Eastern Coast of Florida on Cape Canaveral is located John Kennedy space cosmodrome. About 80 islands are assigned to local recreational areas or reserves. Fifteen largest barrier islands acquired by the federal government to organize natural reserves and national coastal reserves. The remaining 120 islands are in private property and are mainly not mastered.
To the south of New York, the flooded river mouths, which turned into the lowering of the sushi in the wide sea bays, penetrated into the mainland before the foot of the Piedmont plateau and dismembered the coastal plain on the peninsular sections, little interconnected. Thanks to such features of the coastline structure, the largest cities of this area are at the same time large ocean ports. An example is the Philadelphia on the Delaware River 160 km from the ocean, Baltimore on the banks of the Chesapeake Bay, Washington in the lower reaches of the Potomac River.
The Florida Peninsula is a hollow raising with a height of not more than 100 m, whose edges are flooded by the sea. The edges of the peninsula are relatively recently freed from the water and differ exclusively flat relief. Karst processes are widely developed on the limestone surface of the peninsula. There are large karst depressions (valleys, wells, caves with strongly branched underground galleries), underground lakes and rivers.
Useful Fossils. Oil and other minerals are mined here.
Climatic conditions. In summer, coastal plains are under the influence of tropical air mass. The air from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mexican Bay penetrates into the inner parts of the mainland in the form of a summer southeast monsoon, bringing a large amount of moisture. In winter, there is a relatively coolest and dry continental air of moderate latitudes. Throughout the area, the amount of precipitation exceeds 1000 mm, and in some areas (in the south-east) it reaches even 1500 mm. Climate humidity, relief leveling and poor soil drainage contribute to the spread of swamps, which still occupy significant areas, both on the coasts and in the inner areas.
The abundance of moisture is combined with high annual temperatures. Summer temperatures on average exceeds 25 ° C. Heat and abundance of moisture make summer favorable for the cultivation of subtropical cultures, but for the health of people such conditions are heavy. But winter, especially in Florida, is the most favorable time of the year (Fig. 70).
Fig. 70. The annual movement of temperatures, precipitation and relative humidity in Florida
The average winter temperature varies from the north to south of coastal plains from 4 to 16 ° C, in the south of Florida, the middle January temperature is 20 ° C. However, cold air masses often penetrate from the north, which causes short-term frosts and snowfall. Even in the south of Florida there are decreases of temperatures up to 0 ° C and snow falls. Despite this, Florida is considered the best winter resort of North America.
In the summer, due to the meridional movement of air masses and the passage of cyclone depresses over the coastal plains, strong hurricanes are often penetrated, accompanied by shrins. They cause catastrophic floods and cause great disasters to the population. In August 1992, Hurricane Endrew inflicted a huge damage to the Western coast of the Florida Peninsula. In recent years, the repeatability and strength of these natural phenomena increased; Now hurricanes happen not only in summer, but also in transition seasons.
Vegetation. The highest and dry hilly sandy sections of the plains are covered with leached red and yellow and yellow-tempered soils; Previously, they were engaged in pine forests of subtropical species - whip (Pinus Caribaea), torch (Pinus Taeda) and others, as well as thickets of a dwarf American Palm of Sabal, which is a relic of a smoother time. In some areas, especially in the eastern part of the subsection lowland and the eastern coast of Florida, subtropical pine forests have been preserved until now and are an important source of wood and raw materials for the production of turpidar.
In more wet places, mixed monsoon forests made of ash, poplar, magnolia, with lots of lian and epiphytes. Specific vegetation have swamps, widespread on lowlands. On flooded and wetlands, trees grow with wild roots ropes. The so-called swamp cypress is the most characteristic - a tree from the Taxodium family, with a red-brown resistant to rotting wood and cone-shaped respiratory roots. Between the trees there is a lot of reeds, Oskock and other swamp herbs that form impassable thickets, alternating with sections of water free from vegetation.
Animal peace. The swamps serve as a refuge of the rich fauna. There you can meet alligators, turtles and giant frogs. Especially large areas are occupied by the Missisypian lowland and north of the Florida Peninsula, on the border of Virginia and North Carolina.
Population and environmental problems. In the south of Florida, there is a huge Boloto Te-Everglades, covered with thickets of marsh cypress, swamp pine (Pinus Palustris), Osk and cane interrupted by sections clean water. In 1947, on the square of more than 550 thousand hectares, the National Park was created here, subsequently included UNESCO to the system of biosphere reserves of the world and to the list of world cultural and natural heritage. Alligators, turtles, otters, various marsh birds are found there. From the North-West to the National Park, the Big Sipres Reserve, created in 1974, was adjacent as a water-protection zone, providing fresh water to the limits of those Everglades. The central part of the park is occupied by an extensive shallow side lake, which earlier strong winds It came out of the shores and flooded the ambient lowland. Currently, pumping channels have been carried out to prevent flooding from the lake. Also, large areas of the marshes outside the protected area were also underwent, which violated the peculiar natural systems of this peninsula, led to the depletion of the organic world and deprived the foundations of the existence of a few groups of Indians who lived by hunting and fishing in its inner areas.
Natural conditions for coastal plains are favorable for subtropical agriculture. Large squares still in the nearby past were busy under the plantation of cotton. This is the so-called "cotton belt" stretching on both sides of Lower Mississippi. But now the cotton is gradually displaced by seeded herbs, peanuts, vegetable and fruit crops. On wet areas of the roast southern coast, rice, sugar cane, tobacco (in the south-east) are cultured. Large areas are occupied by citrus plantations, vineyards. Florida is the largest resort area of \u200b\u200bthe United States.
A significant role in the formation of modern landscapes of coastal plains plays the rapid development of industry, oil production and other minerals, the growth of cities both on the coast itself and in the depths of the region.
Option number 1
Part I)
1. Choose a climate feature characteristic of a subtropical belt:
A. There is approximately the same temperature during the year.
B. During the year, two air masses dominate.
V. The precipitate falls predominantly in the form of snow.
G. All year the trade winds blow.
2.This mainland can be called the thinm: A. Africa B. South America in Australia
3. In the pool of this river there is the highest waterfall of the world A. Congo B. Amazon V. Zambezi, Orinoco
4. Here you live the highest people (Carable) and the lowest (Pygmeni) A. Africa B. South America V. Australia, Eurasia
5. Africa from Eurasia separates: A. Gibraltar Strait B. Suezstsky V. V. Strait Bosphorus Panaman Canal
6. Select the lake located in South America: A. Tantganik B. Victoria V. Titicaca G. Air
7. Passats are: A. Permanent winds from 30 latitudes to the equator B. Winds that have been sushi in summer B. Winds, Thard of the Sea G. Winds caused by tides and lowers
8. The boundaries of lithospheric plates, the direction and speed of their movement, the zone of faults on land and at the bottom of the oceans are indicated on: A. Map of Natural Zones. B. Physical map. B. Comprehensive map. Tectonic map.
9. The air temperature decreases from the equator to the poles, as it changes: A. The angle of falling sunlight. B. Air composition. B. Thickness of the troposphere. The direction of permanent winds.
10. In which part of North America are Appalachi Mountains?
Part 2
.
1. Atlantic Ocean A. Yellow Sea
2. Pacific Ocean B. White Sea
3. Indian Ocean B. Black Sea
4. Northern Arctic Ocean Krasnaya Sea
AT 2. Set the match between the continent and living there with animals 1. Africa A. Echidna 2. Australia B. Koyote 3. South America V. Cabybara 4. North America
B.3. What three of the listed rivers are on the mainland North America? 1. Parana 5. Mackenzie 2. Mississippi 6. Orinoco 3. Saint Lawrence 7. Zambezi 4. Murray 8. Orange B4 Set the correspondence between the mainland and growing there with a plant 1. Africa A. Eucalyptus 2. Australia B. Baobab 3. South America V. Sequoia 4. North America G. Saibi
Part - 3.1. Why did the swamps are widespread on the Florida Peninsula? Specify at least two reasons.
Final test Geography in grade 7
Option number 2. Part I.1.This mainland can be called the hottest: A. Africa B. South America V. Australia G.Serena America
2. The fastest river of the world A.Aamazka B. Congo V. Mississippi Yenisei
3. The highest top of the Earth is a mountain: A. Akonkagua B. Kilimanjaro V. Jomolungma, Elbrus
4. What is explained by the high salinity of the Red Sea? A. Strong evaporation in a desert tropical climate B. The features of the underwater world V. Neighborhood with Sugar Desert Powerful water pollution
5. Passs in the southern hemisphere are deviated to the left and blow from the south-east to the north-west, since they affect their direction: A. The appeal of the Earth around the Sun B. Rotation of the Earth around its axis B. Change the number of precipitation in tropical and equatorial latitudes G. Direction of large mountain ranges
6. The main value of the ozone layer for the Earth is that it: A. Protects the Earth from the fall of cosmic bodies B. Holds the Ultraviolet Radiation of the Sun B. Protects the Earth from overheating G. promotes water cycle in nature
7. In the subeupvatory climatic belt of the northern hemisphere in winter, air masses act: A. Equatorial V. Moderate V. Tropical Arctic
8. The direction of winds on the climate card is shown: A. Isolastic B. Arrows V. Color Background Numbers
9. In which part of Africa is the Atlas Mountains? A. North B.yezhny V. Western city East
10. What climatic belt is in South America unlike Africa?
A. Tropical B. Sub Escavatorial V. Subtropical Moderate
PART 2
B1. Install the correspondence between the sea and the ocean to which it belongs
1. Atlantic Ocean A. Baltic Sea
2. Pacific Ocean B. Chukotka Sea
3. Indian Ocean V. Red Sea
4. Northern Arctic Ocean G. Japanese Sea
AT 2. Choose three faithful responses characterizing the natural zone - steppe
1. The zone consists of coniferous forests
2. There are trees such as oak, hop, beech
3. Scales of moss and lichen flora, and shrubs grow
4. Open the open plain landscapes. Various grains grow
5. Resistance is pretty scanty, there are no places, a typical plant of saksaul
6. Interaction is almost absent, there are only lichens and mosses
7. Soils predominantly chernozem
8. Mostly attenuation
IN 3. Insert the missed words in the sense in the text and write them down in order:
North America is completely located in _________, and in ________ hemispheres. In the east, the mainland stretched the mountains ________. The highest point of the mainland is in the mountains _________, this is -________.
AT 4. . Set the match between the continent and living there with animals
1.Africa A. Koala.
2.Avstralia B. Skuns.
3. Just America V. Gorilla
4. America G. Lama
Part - 3.
C.1 Why Barents Sea is significantly warmer than white?
1 option.
Part 1
1-B.
2-B.
3rd
4-A.
5-A.
6-B.
7-A.
8-G.
9-A.
10-G.
Part 2
B1 1-in
2-A.
3rd
4-B.
B2 1-g
2-A.
3-B.
4-B.
B3 2,3,5
B4 1-b
2-A.
3rd
4-B.
Part 3.
A large amount of precipitation, lowland.
Cold air penetrates far to the south, as the mountains are located meridional.
Answers:
Option 2.
Part 1
1-A.
2-A.
3-B.
4-A.
5 B
6-B.
7-B.
8-B.
9-A.
10-G.
Part 2
B1 1-A
2-G.
3-B.
4-B.
B2 4,7,8
B3 North, Western, Appalachi, Cordillera, Mac-Kinley
B4 1-in
2-A.
3rd
4-B.
Part 3.
The effect of warm current.
Tropical belt, descending air flows, there are no clouds, during the clear sky, it is very hot, at night - quickly cools.