Is it possible to put an internal bearing. Blog locksmith repair and mechanics for equipment setup. Preliminary preparation for the installation of bearings
For once again they made sure that the Bearings DPI and KDYD are frank trash! On the electric motor of the spindle of the program Tokarnoo Machine with CNC, the bearing worked only two months! After that, crumbled and jammed. Another miracle that the engine did not burn. I attach some photos of these "Chyudo" bearings:
bearing DPI - Frank trash! 
dPI bearing - Frank trash
People, appreciate your work and does not allow your bosses to buy such lumps - DPI KDYD bearing will not work long!
I advise you to buy and install or Russian or Ukrainian or SKF. Another alternative does not exist. Do not even think to install details made in China on the equipment you repair.
After this breakdown bearing was removed, for interest, they were treated with an ordinary file sawing the bearing housing and balls. The result is a terrible - a file with almost no voltage left a chamfer and on the body of the bearing and on the balls!
So make conclusions.
The thrust ball bearing perceives only axial loads.
The main feature of the design of the stubborn bearing - which you need to remember when installing is Various internal diameters Rings of the subpoch. Ie a stubborn bearing one ring free - It is free, with a gap, moves along the shaft, and the second Tight - On the shaft, this ring is installed with tension.
The figure shows the installation scheme of a thrust ball bearing.
Some explanations to the drawing:
- - body - mean a fixed body part of the machine;
- - The shaft is a rotating part of the machine to which the axial load is valid.
When installing a stubborn tide main conditionthat need to remember: free Ring is installed in the housing (still detail), and tight Ring - on the shaft. With this scheme of installation, the shaft during rotation will not rub in a thrust bearing, as it (shaft) will rotate in the free ring.
The bearing designation can consist of two designations: the main and optional. Basically, the following information is encoded: the size of the bearing, its type and constructive execution. This, by the way, for us the most important information. Additional designation can be located before and after the main one. In an additional designation (which is facing the main), such information is encoded: the accuracy class, the inner gap and the torque of the bearing. In an additional designation (which stands after the main) is encoded: Bearing material, special technical requirements, type of lubricant, etc. But you should know that if the bearing is available without special requirements for lubrication, the size of the gap, etc., then the notation is not set.
1. Basic conditional designation.
Conditional bearing designation, in which the diameter of the holes from 10 to 500 mm. For such bearings, in the main designation, the numbers are arranged in this way:
In the main designation, the order of the location and reading of the figures is to right left. The numbers can be from two to seven.
Numbers standing at number 1 and 2 Denote the inner diameter of the bearing. At the same time, for some diameters there is a strict compliance with the conditional designation:
|
Internal bearing diameter, mm |
Symbol |
Internal diameters from 20 to 495 mm are mainly denoted by the formula: Diameter divided by 5.
Here it is necessary to remember that with the same inner diameter, the outer diameter of the bearing and the width can be different. This is because the industry produces bearings of various carrying capacity and structures.
Number 3indicates a series of diameters.
Number 7indicates a series of shirin.
These series (series of diameters and widths) determine the outer diameter and width of the bearing.
Number 4indicates the type of bearing.
| Type of bearing |
Designation |
| Ball radial | |
| Ball radial spherical | |
| Roller radial with short cylindrical rollers | |
| Roller radial with spherical rollers | |
| Roller radial with long cylindrical or needle rollers | |
| Roller radial with twisted rollers | |
| Radial-resistant ball | |
| Roller conical | |
| Ball resistant, ballproof radial | |
| Roller resistant, roller stubborn-radial |
Numbers standing at number 5 and 6 encode the structural design of the bearing.
Consider EXAMPLE Conditional designation of the Bearing "Millionnik" 1180304 . This is a ball radial one-row with a bilateral seal.
04 3 - series of diameter; 0 - type of bearing; 18 - constructive execution; 1 - series of width.
Consider EXAMPLE Legend bearing 304 . This is a ball radial one-row.
04 - diameter of the hole (calculated: 04 * 5 \u003d 20 mm); 3 - series of diameter; 0 - type of bearing; 00 - constructive execution; 0 - series of width.
Installation (or landing) bearing into the case. Basically, the sizes of the subwoys in the machines are small, and therefore the installation of subpochings is performed without heating the bearings themselves - it is in a cold state. Installation occurs according to such a scheme:
The arrows in the picture shows the application of force. It is very important. Since the bearing is mounted in the housing, the outer ring perceives all the effort.
IN general There is a rule, as when - the force of installation in no case should be transmitted through the body of rolling!
Installation is performed using pipe cutting. Health also worth paying attention to that the pipe must be triggered on turning machine - In general, the clip must be smooth. None flattened pipes Do not suit! You can spoil the bearing - an uneven pipe can roll and damage the separator. The diameter of the pipe is selected by the diameter of the outer ring.
Before starting work, a little lubricate the outer ring and manually align the bearing in the case. Now you can start to start the bearing - first with light blows - here you need to control the absence of skew, and then catch the bearing slightly stronger to the body.
In spindle anyone milling machine The radial roller bearing of the 3182xxx series is the main bearing of the spindle that carries the radial load and is responsible for the radial backlash spindle.
Adjusting the radial roller bearing is reduced to the installation of remote semi-colts (or one remote ring - depending on the spindle design) between the spindle border and the inner bearing rope.
How to correctly determine the thickness of the remote rings.
The conical neck of the spindle is cleaned from the dirt, to examine on the availability of scaling or care. In case of detection of such defects, carefully clean (velvet file and small sandpaper).
Now we have a slight movement with a radial roller bearing on a cone. The bearing must fix on the taper neck of the spindle. Most spindle designs this tension will be enough. Now it is necessary to measure the gap between the spindle brewing and the inner bearing rope. This is done using end measures (tiles). Accuracy of measurements + -0.005 mm. Measurements to produce at least three places.
- The first is the most important condition that must be observed when installing rolling bearings is a guarantee of the purity of the bearing. Ie, if the bearing is new, then it is necessary to remove the conservation lubrication. If the bearing was already in operation, then it is necessary to remove the remains of the former lubricant. The bearings are better in kerosene, or, if it is impossible to get kerosene, in a diesel population. As a rule, in almost any production, these liquids can be found.
- The second is an external inspection. Bearings should not be visible damage to the separator, protective washers. It is also necessary to check the ease of rotation and no noise during rotation.
- Third. Inspection of the surface to which installation will be made - the surface must be clean, smooth, without scaling and care.
Installation. Applied devices.
Important: When mounting the bearings, the force of pressure will never be transmitted through the rolling bodies.
If the bearing is mounted on the shaft, the force must be transmitted through the inner ring if the bearing is mounted in the housing, then the force must be transmitted through the outer ring.
A pipe is used as a copper to the ring diameter.
Effort when mounting the bearing is desirable to create on the press. Of course, it is not always, more precisely, rarely when the bearing unit is possible to assemble under the press, therefore this method is used: tolaying with a hammer - through a coppure.
The needle bearing in its design has cylindrical shapes of small diameter, with a large attitude of the length of the roller to the roller diameter. Rollers are located without a separator, one to one. It is this execution (without separator) most applicable in the mechanics of machine tools and equipment.
Bearings are designed to perceive significant radial and axial loads. The maximum axial load should not exceed 80% unused allowable radial load.
Series 6000. - It has a removable, which allows producing separate installation of internal and outer rings.
Series 36000, 46000 and 66000 - Local.
The axial carrying capacity of the bearing depends on the corner of the contact body and rolling track. The carrying capacity of the radial-thrust ball bearing increases with increasing contact angle.
Radial-resistant single-row bearings of the series 6000, 36000, 46000, 66000 can perceive the axial load in one direction only in one direction, and therefore for fixing the shaft in both such bearings are usually installed two on the shaft or two in the support.
Installation scheme Two balls of radially resistant bearings.
This installation scheme is used in almost all spindles of milling machines. "A" and "B" - complete rings - needed
to create a pre-tension in a set of two bearings (this is necessary for the uniform distribution of external loads with meshop bearings). The preliminary tension is achieved by the difference in the thickness of the rings "A" and "B". To select the gaps, it is necessary to grind (to reduce the thickness) outer ring "B".
Installation of bearings
TO Manager:
Rolling bearings
Installation of bearings
Requirements for workplace. As practice shows, cleanliness and order in the assembly room have a direct impact on the durability of the bearing.
Production conditions in which assembly work with sliding bearings are produced or manufactured and which are usually characterized by a common mud on the workbenches, tools and devices, on the floor, etc., are not at all suitable for mounting rolling bearings.
Each of us enjoys clock, but not everyone knows that bearings are performed with more accurate tolerances than wrist hours: this old example is very bright emphasizes the accuracy of the manufacture of bearings. And if everyone is clear that the clock can not be repaired on a dirty workbench and a dirty tool, put on dirty supports, etc., then not everyone represents that this is the same extent refers to the repair of bearings. The fact is that entering the clock and the bearing of small particles has almost the same action and on the course of hours and on the durability of the bearing.
From here follow unconditional rules:
- Production conditions and culture of routing with bearings must correspond to the accuracy with which bearings are manufactured and which provide settlement durability;
- Bearing lubricant should be stored only in closed banks;
- To remove lubrication, wooden blades or rusty metal plates cannot be used;
- For wipes, bearing can not use the ends and darling rags;
- the workbench should be covered with sheet durelea or textolite;
- For short-term storage, the bearing is best put in the bags of polychlorvinyl or polyethylene film; The bags from the film are well protected by the bearing from foreign particles and it is easy to contain in perfect purity, washing in gasoline;
- If there is more than 2 hours between flushing and installation of the bearing, then the bearing must be put into the excitator or wrap in paper impregnated with a volatile inhibitor.
If bearings mounted on the rotor shaft cannot quickly complete the final installation in the machine, they need to be lubricated by the working lubricant and carefully close the piece of polychlorvinyl film.
Planting bearings. Bearings are mounted on the rotor shaft and into the bearing shield with a certain tension or gap. The magnitude of the tight or gap is determined by the installed planting. To assimilate the subsequent material and explanation of terms used in the text, it is necessary to bring some information from the theory of tolerances and landings.
The size tolerance or permissible size is called the difference between the greatest and the lowest limits. Limit sizes are dimensions, beyond the limits of which the part cannot be out. This means that one item from another size may differ no more than the value of the tolerance (allowable deviation). The more tolerance, the easier it is to make parts. The value of admission is chosen from the condition of the work of the mechanism.
The difference between the diameter of the hole and the shaft diameter is called a gap. If the diameter of the shaft is greater than the diameter of the hole, the difference between the shaft diameter and the hole diameter is called tension.
The nature of the conjugation of two details is called landing. In other words, landing shows one detail relative to another with a gap or with tension and what their magnitude.
There are two main landing groups: fixed and movable. Transitional landings between the first and second groups are sliding.
In electrical machines of small and medium power and in most cars special purpose They were mainly used intense landing on the shaft and dense in the housing. They are indicated by NP and PP, respectively. Recently, landings have begun with smaller stretching - dense on the shaft and sliding (SP) in the bearing shield.
In miniature electrical machines and some special purpose machines mainly use a dense landing on the shaft and slip in the bearing shield. Slip landing is less likely to fit both on the shaft and in the case.
A number of high power machines are used and tight landing (TP) of the inner ring of bearing on the shaft.
The outer rings of the detachable bearings are roller bearings with short cylindrical rollers, radially resistant magnets bearings, etc. - are ingencing into the case usually on a dense landing.
When mounting the bearing in the housing and, z aluminum Alloys landing is carried out with a large tension (usually one landing above). For greater reliability in the work in the body of aluminum alloys, they put a steel sleeve. In this case, weakening the landing due to the difference in the coefficients of linear extensions of steel and aluminum alloy does not occur.
It should be paid to the fact that landing for bearings on tolerances differ from landing of a public-union tolerance system towards large testes and stipulate GOST 3325-66. To distinguish them, the landing index is added index n (bearing).
Installed bearing landings are provided with minimal tights: fracturing the inner ring on the shaft, as well as a small rotation of the outer ring and the possibility of its axial movement at the landing place.
Planting bearings on the shaft and in the case it is necessary to strictly withstand. In the case of a weak planting, the inner ring will turn on the shaft and the contact corrosion will occur. As a result, the shaft wear, scope and even heating the rings are obtained. With a strong heating (above 120 ° C), the durability of the bearing is sharply reduced and it can be swamped. Significant shaft wear causes the vibration of the machine.
Landing with large tights In addition, it makes it difficult. Minding and disassembly, cause a significant decrease in radial gaps: the inner ring when landing is distributed and an increase in the rolling track diameter. Reducing gaps, and in the worst case, their complete sample lead to the bearing output. In addition, from excessive tight inner ring can break.
As noted above, landing the outer ring is chosen such that under the action of vibration it could turn a little, but not rotate. This contributes to the consistent loading of the rolling track and increasing the functionality of the ring. When applying ball radial single-row bearings as a floating support, the possibility of axial movement of the rings at the landing site eliminates the appearance of significant axial loads from the temperature expansion of the shaft.
When planting the bearing on the shaft with a tension, the inner ring takes the shape of the shaft. With the ovality of the shaft, the rolling track rings also becomes oval. Radial clearances in the bearing are changed. In some places, the gaps decrease, and in others increase. When working such a bearing in places of passage of rolling through small load clearances, vibrations appear. When landing the outer ring in the oval case, the movement of the ring is hampered due to the local increase in the tension. This leads to increased loads on the rolling track of the ring.
When planting an inner ring on a shaft having a suspension of the landing place, the ring will also take the shape of the shaft.
Check and training seats. Before mounting the bearing, you need to carefully examine the seats on the rotor shaft and in the (bearing shield.
Obsoles, burgers, slop, small metal swelling from local runs should be carefully cleaned with a personal file, shallow sandpaper or
Tumblers shaft and housing (bearing shield)! In which rings are removed during installation (Fig. 1), should be strictly perpendicular to the axis of the landing space for the bearing. The perpendicularity of the cloaker is of great importance for the work of bearings, especially single-row having a relatively small width. The low width of the bearing seat does not provide the correct bearing position.
Fig. 1. Planting surfaces on the shaft and in the case.
Fig. 2. The position of the bearing ring with a blowset, not perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
rent a scraper. When cleaning, it is necessary to remove the metal only at the place of the swelling, without affecting places that do not have a defect. The larger the landing area will be cleaned, the greater the correct geometric form will be disturbed, therefore, worse for the bearing work. Therefore, significant ceases of landing space are not derived due to the loss of the right geometric shape. The item in this case must be sent to
Although the jackets, risks, excessive slope and fears on the seating rings of the bearing are rarely found because of the big difference in the hardness rings of the bearing rings and the rotor shaft in the general purpose machines, their excretion is made by sandpaper in compliance with all the requirements described above.
In this case, it is necessary to measure the inner diameter of the ring, ovality and taper. These measurements should also be carried out if the rings on the mounting surfaces are traces of wear due to turning on the shaft or in the case.
Deviations in diameters can be more similarly to repaired bearings, but in this case the necessary landing must be selected due to the conjugated part (shaft or body). The ovality and the taper of the ring must be within the admission to the landing diameter. The taper of the holes in the bearing classes of the accuracy of the VP and is higher is no more than 50% of the tolerance for the landing diameter.
After inspecting the seats on the shaft and in the bearing shield they must be measured.
When repeatedly removing the bearing or wear from turning the rings, the landing may be "sweating". Measuring seats on the shaft is usually produced by a micrometer, and in the bearing panels (housing), the indicator gutter with a zero-class indicator. Installing the indicator on the size is performed on the tiles block or on a specially made reference ring. Measurements can be made by another tool that have the same or higher accuracy. Measurements are made in several places so that, in addition to the size of the diameter, establish the value of ovality and the taper of the landing place.
calibrations that detect local swelling, pasting the tension when landing the ring. When measurements, these protrusions are usually not detected by the usual measurement tool.
After looking at the shaft on the shaft and in the bearing shield, it is also necessary to thoroughly inspect the thrust blowers and the kallers from him. Metal's swelling from caustic is neatly removed by a scraper, a file or sandpaper.
The perpendicularity of the cashter to the shaft axis is checked in centers using the indicator, as shown in Fig. 3, a. The rotating shaft is determined by the magnitude of the lateral beating of the blower.
In fig. 2 shows the position of the bearing ring with imperpendicular cassette to the shaft axis. Due to the deformation, the ring took an incorrect position, which will lead to a decrease in the durability of the bearing. With large and heavy shafts, when checking the caskets in the centers is difficult, the perpendicularity of the blower can be checked by the cocelter, as shown in Fig. 3, However, this method of checking does not differ with great accuracy and can only be recommended if the indicator is not possible.
It is also necessary to check the height of the blower. Its height is usually equal to about 1/2 the width of the end of the inner ring (Fig. 4, a). With large axial loads, the blow should be even higher. At low altitude (Fig. 4) from the actions of the axial loads, the jacket will be frozen. The molding of the blower also occurs if it is performed by conical (Fig. 4, B).
With a high height of the jacket (Fig. 4, d), it is impossible to remove the bearing for the inner ring. Removing the bearing for the outer ring leads to damage to rolling tracks.
When inspection, the shaft cartarer draws attention to the absence of traces of touch rings. With a radius of cartel, more than the chamfer ring, the latter will rest in the quillection (Fig. 5, a).
Fig. 3. Verification of the beagi indicator of the shaft of the shaft and the carbon correctness of the cashter.
The carter is performed inaccurate. Therefore, the rings are possible. The radius of the shaft cartel should always be less than the ring chamfer radius (Fig. 5,).
Before mounting the bearing seats on the shaft and in the bearing shield, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse with gasoline and coat with a thin layer of working lubrication.
Fig. 24. The height of the blower. a - normal height; b - the height of Mala; B - the Pester is made conical; G is a high height.
Fig. 5. Ring position on the shaft. A - Radius Tallers of the shaft Great: The ring rests on the cartel; B-correct position of the rings on the shaft: the radius of the tree quilt is less than the ring chamfer radius.
Installation of bearings. The new bearing is removed from the packaging and is washed in hot mineral oil and gasoline immediately before installation. Closed bearings of types 180000, 80,000, bolted with working lubricant on bearing factories, and bearings of types 520000 and 140000, having felt seals, are not washed.
From the outer surfaces, the conservation lubrication is removed with clean napkins.
Before setting in the car, the bearing is inspected to make sure there is no corrosion and damage. Checked ease of move. From the hands of the axial gap is pretending. The working bearing is removed from the film or packaging, too, only before installation.
The most advanced devices for pressing bearings on the shaft are hydraulic or manual presses, which provide a smooth fit of the bearing on the shaft (Fig. 6).
When mounting the bearing, the pricing force is transmitted "A inner ring through a mounting glass. The hole in the glass should be slightly larger than the bearing hole, and the thickness of its walls is slightly less than the width of the end of the inner ring.
Fig. 7. Installation of bearing on the shaft using a mounting pipe.
Emphasis of the bearing with both rings in a wide installation glass is not allowed, since in this case the load can be transmitted through the outer ring and separator.
Before pressing the bearing you need to install strictly coaxially with the shaft, then apply a small load and make sure that there is no skewer. The bearing is jamming indicates its skew. In this case, further pressing leads to a landing place, distorting its shape and improper bearing landing.
The described method of pressing is used for low weight rotors.
Installation of bearings on the shafts of heavy rotors is made using a mounting pipe. The pipe is made of soft metal (small carbon steel, etc.). In its upper part, the plug is inserted for uniform transmission of blows to the outer ring.
To reduce the likelihood of the landing mow and the intercession of the inner ring on the shaft, it is advisable to heat the bearings in oil. Installation of bearings
heated was widely used for electrical machines of small and medium-sized facilities due to the convenience of mounting with ease of installation for heating.
The oil temperature in the bath must be no higher than 90-100 ° C. When the temperature is raised above 120 ° C, the rings and rolling bodies may occur, which sharply reduce the durability of the bearing. So it is necessary to strictly monitor the temperature of the oil bath. This is the more necessary that external signs On the details of the bearing from overheating and vacation does not remain. To obtain colors of passion on the parts of the bearing, the heating should be significantly higher than can be achieved in the oil bath. True, the leave of the rings can be set to reduce hardness when measurements on devices. However, these measurements after heating bearings never do. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the purity of the oil in the bath. When contamination, the oil must be changed so as not to contaminate the bearings.
When boarding the bearing on the tree heated, the bearing must be periodically adjusted to the stubborn one before cooling the rings. Proach the bearing to the blowing is usually carried out using a mounting pipe with light hammer blows.
After installing the bearing on the rotor shaft, check the installation correctness. If the bearing landing on the shaft is heated, then checking the correct installation must be carried out after cooling the bearing. When checking, you need:
make sure that the bearing is close pressed against the blow; The probe with a thickness of 0.03 mm should not be included between the blow and the ring; Verification is made at several points around the circumference; Let us allow only the local gap from stripping the defect of the blower;
check your hand Availability of axial game in the bearing after cooling; Lack of axial game or a small amount of it indicate insufficient radial gaps. This check is made only in ball radial single-row bearings;
check the ease of rotation of the bearing from the manual; The rotation of the bearing must be without local jamming and slow-moving.
In special purpose machines having adjustable radially resistant and thrust ball bearings, after mounting the rotor, you need to adjust the axial bearing games, the value of which is usually indicated in the instructions for each machine and should be maintained very carefully.
After mounting the rotor shaft in the car you need to check the assembly of sealing devices in bearing panels or ring gaps in maze seals and, if possible, scroll the rotor shaft from hand. Rotation should be without jog and jamming.
With a trial start of a machine, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the bearing shield and the bearing noise. Properly mounted and having normal gaps The bearing works exactly, without any noise, jolts and vibrations. With increased gaps, vibrations appear in the bearing. Deaf uneven noise indicates the contamination of the bearing. Increased temperature also indicates abnormalities in the bearing.
The alignment of landing places in bearing panels, accuracy of static and dynamic rotor balancing and other factors that can increase the load on the bearing can be very important.
Selection of substitute bearings. In the absence of the required bearing, you can choose a substitute bearing without prejudice to the operation of the machine. These substitute bearings have the estimated service life of no less service life of the main bearing, are produced by the domestic industry, have the same dimensions and their installation does not require any improvements of nodes and conjugates details. Separate bearings are wider, which is specifically stipulated.
TO Manager: - Rolling bearings
Installation of bearings guarantees long-term normal operation of the node only with a combination of the following main factors:
- lack of pollution;
- the required level of technical competence and the artist's locksmith skills;
- availability of the appropriate tool and equipment;
- proper preparation of mounting places and bearing;
- compliance with the procedure and rules of assembly;
- lubricant;
- check the quality of work performed.
Preliminary preparation for the installation of bearings
The procedure for the preparation of mounting places and general preparation activities:
- prepare a workplace, reducing the risk of pollution and dumping in the process of work;
- prepare a measuring and assembly tool, clean it;
- inspect and clean the landing places for the installation of bearings: jackets of caschers, fears, burrs, slop, small metal intimction should be carefully removed by a shabra, a file, shallow sandpaper or with a machine fleet;
- mean seats and record the results;
- check the shafts for the rectinity of the axis (no bending): it is advisable to test when the shaft is rotated in the centers using special devices (an increase in the eccentricity from the cross section to the section in the direction from the edge to the middle indicates the curvature of the shaft and leads to the need to replace it);
- according to the results of the inspection and measurements of the landing place, establish its compliance with the requirements of GOST 3325 through the tolerances, landings, roughness requirements, form and location deviations;
- if necessary, fix the seats or replace the items to new with the necessary parameters;
- clean the channels for the supply of lubricant from chips, dust and other contaminants, blow with compressed air;
- prepare lubricant.
- on the shaft - micrometer;
- in the housing (bearing panels) - indicator chute.
Measurements are made in several places so that, in addition to the size of the diameter, establish the value of ovality and the taper of the landing place. The size is defined as the arithmetic average of three dimensions in each of the planes with a rotation in series by a third of the circle (120 °).
Bearings are mounted on the rotor shaft and into the housing (bearing shield) with a certain tension or gap. The difference between the diameter of the bearing hole and the shaft diameter in favor of the first is called the gap. If the diameter of the shaft is greater than the diameter of the bearing hole, then the difference between them is called tension. The nature and magnitude of the tension or gap during the conjugation of two parts is called landing.
In the analysis of measurements, it should be remembered that most often if the technical documentation and construction of the node does not provide for otherwise, when installing the bearing, one ring should have a press fit with a tension in 0.01-0.03 mm, and another - landing slip with a gap from 0 to 0.03-0.04 mm.
The pressing landing of the inner ring of the bearing and the sliding outdoor ring is used in cases where the rotating part is shaft (for example, the shafts of the transmission change of transmission, the main transmission transmission, etc.).
If the part of the node rotates on a fixed neck (for example, on the wheel hub), then the pressing landing should have an outer ring of the bearing, and the moving is internal.
In the press landing, the ring is warned by the wear of the rotating part (shaft shaft, hub, etc.), and with a moving landing of another ring, it can be slightly shigned, which eliminates the one-sided load of rolling bodies on the ring, reduces its wear and increases the overall life of the bearing.
Constructions are found with simultaneous landing and outdoor, and the inner ring, which should be taken into account when interpreting the results of measurements and the selection of mounting equipment.
The landing place can also be washed with a special caliber of the desired size, while the bearing itself is not recommended.
The normal height of the stubborn coaster (plug) of the conjugated part should be approximately equal to half the bearing ring thickness. This is necessary in order for the sidewall surface of the ring of the ring, the rings can be captured by the puller to extract the bearing. For fixing in the axial direction, except forlers can apply spacening bushings, spring stop rings, various nuts, etc.
Preparation of bearing to install
If there is such an opportunity, then the actual sizes of the shaft or body should produce selective selection of the bearing of several. The choice should be stopped on the bearing, in which the size of the outer and inner rings in combination with the real size of the landing place will provide the necessary landing. This will avoid excessively free or unacceptably dense landing, which means to avoid abnormal bearing work, incl. overheating due to reducing the necessary radial gap in it.
The procedure for preparing the bearing to install:
- remove the bearing from the factory packaging to check (performed immediately before installing the bearing in the node);
- make sure that on labeling and appearance The bearing corresponds to the required;
- conduct a preliminary test of the state by inspection: the open type bearing should not have visible defects - colors of running, rust, cracks, calamity, scratches, should be a complete set of rolling bodies (balls or rollers) and rivets (or other connecting elements), the separator should not have damage;
- closed-type bearings check the absence of damage to seals or protective washers;
- carry out the widths of the width, the external and internal diameters of the bearing with a special tool and make sure to meet the landing places;
- smooth and rinse the bearing, if it is not directly prohibited by its manufacturer;
- check out the ease of travel: the rotation must be smooth without jamming (it should be remembered that the bearing of the rings of open bearings in a dry state before washing is categorically not recommended to eliminate the risk of abrasive damage to the rolling surfaces due to the possible presence of contaminants);
- change the radial gap: For this, one of the bearing rings is fixed with the horizontal position of the axis and determine the clearance using the indicator, shifting the free ring under the action of measuring force in the radial direction into two diametrically opposite positions (the difference of indicator readings is the desired value of the radial gap) ;
- to carry out the axial gap measurements, in the same way as it was done when determining the radial gap, only this time the measurement is made at the vertical position of the axis: to fix one of the rings, to otherwise shifted in the axial direction into two extreme positions under the action of measuring force and fix the difference of indicator readings;
- apply lubricant in sufficient quantities if the lubricant is not applied by the manufacturer.
Bearing decons
Removal of the surface conservation layer is made with a napkin that does not leave the pile.
Careful reducing bearing and washing it is performed using one of the following sections to choose from:
- preheated oil with a temperature of about 80 degrees Celsius;
- anti-corrosion solution;
- gasoline or kerosene in pure form;
- mix of oil and gasoline (kerosene).
When using preheated oil or anti-corrosion composition, their temperature should be maintained at about 80 ° C, while the temperature rise above is 120 ° C is not allowed, because the rings and bodies of rolling can occur, which will sharply reduce the durability of the bearing. Externally leave not to determine (the colors of victim appear with much higher temperatures), and the fixation of the drop in hardness through a special device at this stage is not usually done - that is why it is worth clearly controlling the temperature of the detergent.
The reducing bearing can be carried out from 10 to 20 minutes, during which it is useful to periodically shake it and scroll into the final rinsing cycle, and then dry in place inaccessible for dust.
After drying, the bearing for short-term storage is necessary until the installation of the installation is put in a clean plastic bag (soup) to protect against dust. If before installing the bearing is expected for more than two hours, it is recommended to be wrapped in pure paper and remove in cardboard packaging for storage. If the storage time after the decomposition exceeded two hours, it is recommended to check it on the absence of corrosion traces before installing the bearing.
Bearing lubrication must be performed before installation in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The labeling of the bearing for domestic format may contain information about the required plastic lubricant. For cyatima-201, which is accepted by default standard bearings, marking does not apply. For other options, labeling with the letter "C" is applied:
C1 - OKB-122-7
C2 - CIATIM-221
C3 - VNIIINP-201
C4 - cyatim-221c
C5 - cyatim-202
C6 - PFMS-4C
C7 - VNIIINP-221
C8 - VNIIINP-235
C9 - LZ-31
C10 - № 158
C11 - Siol
C12 - VNIIINP-260
C13 - VNIIINP-281
C14 - Fiol-2
C15 - VNIIINP-207
C16 - VNIIIINP-246
C17 - Litol.
C18 - VNIIINP-233
C20 - VNIIINP-274
C21 - Era
C22 - Sobem.
C23 - Shrus-4
C24 - Sada
C25 - Inde
C26 - LDS-3
C27 - Fangol.
C28 - Chevron SRI-2
C29 - RobotEmp
C30 - UNOLA
C31 - Litin
C32 - № 158m
C33 - Fiol-2MR
C34 - SHRUS-4M
C35 - BERUTOX FE 18 EP
C36 - VN-14
Bearing manufacturers Some types of their products make maintenance. The friction pairs in such bearings in the factory conditions with strict control are special lubricant for the entire service life. It is not recommended to carry out the containment of bearings in the method described above and independently lubricate it is not recommended, since gasoline (kerosene) or heated oil will contribute to the removal of the factory lubricating composition, and the addition of plastic lubrication will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the factory tribological bearing system.
Closed maintenanceable bearings sufficiently subjected to outdoor wipes moistened in a napkin, not leaving a pile.
Correct installation of bearing
Hydraulic or manual presses provide smooth and smooth installation of bearings with a minimum risk of damage to parts when using the appropriate mandrel and accuracy of the work.
When installing bearings, the assembly force must be transmitted only through a hand-held ring:
- through the internal - when installing on the shaft;
- through the outer - when installing into the housing;
- on the ends of both rings - if a structural bearing is simultaneously mounted on the shaft and into the housing.
When installing bearings, the pricing force is transmitted evenly on the entire circumference of the corresponding bearing ring through a special mounting glass. If there is no such glass, you can use a smoothly unfolded tube of unkilled steel with suitable inner and outer diameters. At the free end of the pipe, the plug should be installed with a spherical outer surface to which an effort should be applied. Of course, the inner surface of the pipe should be clean and dry to eliminate the contamination of any type of bearing when performing work.
The inner diameter of the mounting glass (pipe) When installing the bearing should be slightly larger than the opening of the bearing ring, to which the force must be applied, and the outer diameter of the glass (pipes) is slightly less than the external diameter of this ring.
The correct setting of the bearing is performed in the following order:
- seating shaft, housing and bearing cover with a thin layer of working lubrication (this may also be cyatima, litol or their analogues);
- determine the side to put the bearing (as a general rule, the party on which the factory stamp is applied, should be outside);
- put a mounting glass with an emphasis on the appropriate bearing ring;
- exactly along the axes, it is mutually positioning the mating part, bearing, mounting glass and a work plane of the press;
- ensure in the exemplary correspondence between the mutual position of the grease feeding in the housings with lubricant holes in the outer rings of bearings (it is necessary where it provides for the design of the bearing assembly);
- attach a small load and make sure that there is no skew at the very beginning of the installation (the bearing will point to the skew, it needs to be eliminated);
- apply a valid and move assembly force by controlling the bearing setting into place;
- needle roller bearings Mount according to assembly units either on the shaft, or into the hole covering the part;
- to set the needle bearings in the opening of the covering part, use the mounting sleeve: the surface of the hole is covered with a thin layer of lubricant and insert the sleeve (its diameter should be 0.1-0.2 mm less than the diameter of the shaft shaft), and needle rollers to enter into the gap (last The roller must enter freely with a gap from 0.5 to 1 diameter of the needle), after which you set the restrictive rings and the working axis to push the mounting sleeve;
- outdoor rings of spherical sliding bearings, fastened by bolts, installed in the initial state without loosening the tightening of the bolts;
- conical roller bearings Mount from individual assembly units: the inner ring with rollers to press on the shaft, the outer ring is separately installed in the housing, and adjust the radial gap between the outer ring and rollers (for example, gaskets under the cover before the final tightening screws, unless otherwise provided by the knot design );
- in constructions with adjustable radial-resistant and thrust ball bearings after installation, it is also necessary to adjust the axial "games" of bearings;
- adjusting the bearings of the relevant systems is made until the parameters set in the instructions on this machine are reached;
- install the lock ring, spacer sleeve, gland, gasket, cover, or fasten the bearing in a different way, as it provides for the design;
- complete installation or securely cover the bearing node from dust and other contaminants on it to full assembly.
Installing bearing, as indicated above, is performed using a manual or hydraulic press. In exceptional cases, in the absence of a press for mounting with small tights of small-dimensional bearings, it is permissible to apply non-molk drive through the mounting tube with a plug. At the same time, the direction of the strikes should be as accurate as possible with the axis of the bearing ascended.
When installing bearings, it is necessary to carefully monitor the provision of uniform, without skew, the axial movement of the hand-held ring. The blocking during installation leads to the formation of bumps on the planting surface and improperly installing the bearing, which reduces its service life or may end damage.
The necessary precautions to exclude the contamination to the bearing should be taken at all stages: in the preparation of the bearing and the interface, when installing and related operations, up to the full end of work with a collector assembly or unit.
It is also necessary to perform all assembly operations, taking into account the design features in such a way that the lubricant of the desired quality was sufficient, and during operation it was not thrown away by the working machine and did not flow out spontaneously. For this, rolling bearings are closed with covers or set sealing devices - felt (felt) rings, cuffs, protective flanges, protective washers, labyrinth seals, etc. For integrity and proper installation of these components, you should trace particularly.
And, finally, a qualified installation of bearings in compliance with the accuracy, proper fit, and adjustment is another key factor in the sibling operation and a pledge of a large resource.
Installing bearing heating
Heating often significantly facilitates the installation of bearings, since the metal property is used to expand with increasing temperature. The installation of large-scale bearings in the cold state is impossible, since the required force increases significantly with increasing size.
When the bearing is installed on the shaft heats the bearing itself, while, as a rule, there is enough temperature difference from 60 to 80 ° C between the environment and a heated inner ring.
When installing the bearing in the body, the latter is subjected to the latter. The temperature difference is directly dependent on the degree of stretch and the diameter of the seating area. Usually enough moderate heating.
As in the case of the decomposition and flushing, the bearing temperature in any case should not be lifted above 120 ° C to prevent the leave of the rings and rolling bodies with the subsequent significant reduction in service life. Bearing heating also should not exceed temperature limitations for conjugate components, such as non-metallic seals.
Bearing heating is made in an oil bath or with an induction heater.
Modern special induction heaters used to install heating bearings have a number of benefits:
- fast and uniform heating of metal;
- protection against overheating by built-in thermostat;
- automatic demagnetization after heating;
- non-metallic bearing components are not subject to direct thermal exposure;
- safety of work.
Meeting recommendations use strong cooling for mounting bearing inevitably lead to the formation of condensate with the risk of corrosion. Therefore, for example, SKF does not recommend resorting to this method.
Check the quality of the installation of bearings
After installing the bearing, check the correctness of the work performed. If the mounting of the bearing is carried out with heating, then the check must be carried out after complete cooling the part to the temperature ambient.
At the same time:
- verify at several points around the circle to make sure that the bearing is close pressed against the blow: a dipstick is a thickness of 0.03 mm (or of a different size, if it is installed by the manufacturer) should not be taken between the ends of the bearing rings and the brutal case of the mechanism or shaft;
- check the ease of rotation of the bearing by hand: it should be even with a uniform slowdown without local jams and other visible deviations;
- in the ball radial single-row bearings, check from the hands of the presence of a normal axial gap (after cooling, if the installation was produced with heating): no rolling or a small value indicate insufficient radial gaps;
- if there is reason to check that the radial gap value in millimeters after assembling the node for bearings made with the gaps of the normal group, there was no less minimally permissible according to GOST 24810 (approximately determined by the formula SMIN \u003d D / 3000, where D is the nominal hole diameter Bearing, mm);
- at bearings with cylindrical rollers and without sides After installation, check the relative displacement of the outer and inner rings in the axial direction: it should not be more than 0.5-1.5 mm for bearings with short rollers and more than 1-2 mm - for bearings with long rollers (the larger size has a bearing, the closer it is possible to shift to the specified maximum values);
- make sure the assembly of sealing devices in the housings (bearing panels) or ring gaps in labyrinth seals;
- ensure in accurate correspondence between the mutual position of the grease supply in the housings with lubricating holes in the outer rings of bearings (where it provides for the design of the bearing assembly);
- create a trial start of a machine without load and listen to the work of the assembled bearing assembly with a stethoscope or pipe: the bearings in normal condition create a quiet, continuous and uniform noise, vibration and shocks in the assembly unit;
- trace the temperature: in the correctly assembled node, the bearing when working under normal conditions should not overheat more than 30 ° C relative to the ambient temperature.
To assess the state of the collected bearing assemblies without breaking and disassembly, the best results will give the use of methods and devices of vibroacoustic diagnostics and devices for evaluating the impact vibration according to the method described in GOST R 50891-96 (Appendix B).
If the tool control is not available, then when listening should pay attention to the following explicit signs The disadvantages of the work performed and the unacceptable state of the bearing assembly:
- vibrations - with increased gaps in the bearing;
- uneven loud noise - strong damage to the bearing;
- deaf uneven noise, including knocking sounds - bearing contamination;
- whistling noise - friction between contacting details, incl. due to insufficient lubrication;
- ringing metal sound is too small gap in the bearing friction pairs;
- uniform vibrating sound - the ingress of foreign particles on the rolling track of the outer ring;
- the noise that occurs from time to time at a constant speed of rotation - damage to the rolling bodies;
- the noise manifested when changing the speed of rotation is damage to the rings as a result of mounting or painting on rolling surfaces.
The reason for the elevated bearing temperature can be:
small gap in the bearing;
overly large tension;
lack or lack of lubrication between friction couples;
increased friction due to wear of working surfaces, mutual skewers of the rings and some other reasons;
the combination of the reasons listed above.
Conclusion
The correct installation of bearings requires a certain qualification in terms of locksmith skills, an accurate measuring instrument and a special snap, high accuracy of work in compliance with the established rules.
The necessary measures to exclude ingress into the bearing of pollution should be made at all stages of work until the machine is fully assembled.
It is also necessary to install bearings and all assembly operations, taking into account design features in such a way that the lubrication of the desired quality is sufficiently, has not flowed spontaneously and did not sprinkle.
Bearings in the normal state when working is created by a quiet, continuous and uniform noise, vibrations, sticking and jigs in the assembly unit must be absent, and the temperature of the bearings typically should not exceed the ambient temperature by more than 30 ° C.
Checks and maintenance after installing bearing must be performed taking into account the manufacturer's recommendations.
General rules for installation and dismantling Bearings Knowledge of business and professionalism of installation staff bearings Must be carried out away from machines producing a metal chips and waste oil with the maintenance of the necessary tool, fixtures and materials. The presence and compliance with instructions, drawings and technologies check the accuracy of the size and forms of all parts associated with bearings Details of the bearing assembly must be carefully cleaned by factory packaging bearings It is necessary to shoot unparty before they are installed in the node if necessary. bearings Rinse in the appropriate solution and dry thoroughly (digging) storage bearings The ambassador of detonation without protection against corrosion for more than two hours is not allowed before installing planting surfaces bearing, shaft and housing should be lubricated by a thin layer of lubricant when installing and disassembling the part bearing should not be subjected to direct shocks it is strictly forbidden to install or disassembly
with betrayal salts from one ring bearing on the second through the body of rolling
MTS East is the official representative of the European Bearing Corporation, uniting the major part of the bearing factories of Russia and Kazakhstan.
We are one of the few companies in Samara, who create their warehouse reserves with exceptionally new factory bearings.
Prices for our products are also completely transparent - when forming the price list, we repel from the price of plants - manufacturers bearings And ready to provide their best customers with minimum charges, transport only covering our expenses and warehouse service costs.
Our clients - auto parts stores, industrial enterprises, utilities and repair - operational services trust us with comprehensive supply bearings, drive roller chains, pullers, straps, glazes, conveyor belts and other rubber - technical products.
Bearings Slippers are separated: Depending on the shape of the bearing opening: one - or multi-surface, with offset of surfaces (in the direction of rotation) or without (to save the possibility of opposite rotation), with a displacement or without focus displacement (for the last installation of the shafts after installation);
In the direction of the perception of the load: Radial axial (persistent, spyers), radially persistent;
According to the design: all-point (sleeve;
Basically, for i - 1), detachable (consisting of body and tires;
In the main thing, for integers, except I - 1), mounted (frames that form one integer with a crankcase, frame or bed machine);
By the number of oil valves: with one valve, with several valves;
If possible, regulation: unregulated, adjustable.
Hydraulic Tools: Hydrorazpar.
Used to install large-sized hard loaded bearings (with a hole diameter of more than 300mm).
With support for it, high oil film is created (0, 02 ...
0, 03mm) between the planting surfaces under pressure exceeding the normal more than 2 ...
3 Speakers.
As a result, the force of treatment on the conical neck of Avula is sharply reduced.
Easy to disassemble.
Measures for bearings with a tapered hole.
Hydraulic nut.
Used to install and dismantle bearings Conventional and huge values \u200b\u200bwith a tapered hole.
It consists of two main dollars: a resistant ring with a spiritual carving and a ring groove on the end and an annular piston inserted into the ring.
When the oil is injected and fine pressure chamber, the power of a slice piston is pushed out of the ring, sufficient to install bearing or dismantling it.
Oil grooves are connected by two threaded holes: one hole is located in the side end, the second is on the outer cylindrical surface of the nut.
[edit] Designer's literature - Mashinostroitel: In 3 tons.
/ Ed.
N. Horny.
- 8th ed., Pererab. and add ..
- Liu.
: Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
- T.
- 912 p.
- ISBN 5 - 217 - 02964 - 1 (5 - 217 - 02962 - 5), BBK 34.42Y2, UDC 621.001 .66 (035) Nichipper S.
N., Corgentsevsky M.
, Kalachev V.
F., etc.
Makovitsa 13.
Bearings Slip // Details of cars in samples and tasks: [studies.
manual] / under the universal.
ed.
N. Nichipper.
- 2nd ed.
- MN.
: See. School, 1981.
- 432 p.
- ISBN BBK 34.44 I am 73, UDC 621.81 (075.8) Lelikov O.
P. Basics of calculating and designing parts and nodules of automata.
Summary of lectures at the course "Details of Machines".
- Liu.
: Mechanical Engineering, 2002.
- 440 p.
- ISBN 5 - 217 - 03077 - 1, UDC 621.81 .001 .66, BBK 34.42 Ioslevich G.
B. Machine details: Tutorial for students engineering. master.
universities.
- Liu.
: Mechanical Engineering, 1988.
- 368 p.
- ISBN 5 - 217 - 00217 - 4, UDC 62 - 2 (075.8), BBK 34.44