Brick refractory sh. 5 chamoten brick - application, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Disadvantages of similar products

A good rule is to bake an abstract at temperatures of the order of those that will have to pass. Thus, bricks are made of different shapes and sizes, large pieces for supports or wall structures and furnaces, acid-resistant brick, crucible for the chemical and metallurgical industry, glass vessels for fusion and accessories for glassware, Containers for zinc distillation, gas distortion, mucus, etc.

Aluminum refractories. - They are made of bauxite; White or pink varieties containing a small amount of iron and a little clay are preferred. He has a "disadvantage having a strong output, maximum can only be achieved during repeated shooting, the products, therefore, tends to cracking and the skew of the alumina bricks has." High fireproof, however, they are, as a rule, retirement, and can not withstand large loadsBecause they tend to heat up.

Basic reviews. - Magnesian brick. - Raw materials are magnesium carbonate, damaged. The carbonate by baking gives a light amorphous oxide with a density of 3, 2 at 800 ° C, which slowly turns into a heavy crystalline oxide with a density 5. Temperature and impurities of the catalyst increase the processing rate, since light magnesia dissolved in the stream due to melting impurities, gives Unstable recipes to complex solutions relative to a stable severe precipitated form with a process similar to the process of transformation of quartz β in crystobalites.

Given the strong retreat, suffer, pasta are made with 90% heavy and 10% light; Pins with a small amount of water and is experiencing strong pressure. Light magnesia has a binder function; For this purpose, other bodies are added, such as clay, resin, soda, silica, phenol wall, magnesium chloride.

Other major materials are obtained from dolomite, mixing the sintered dolomite and calcined dolomite at low temperatures, with increments of 7-8%, compressing and baking. It is often used as a coating and for pressing. Even with Lime, you sometimes bumply and press.

Oxides of rare earth elements are refractories that are superior to everything; Because their high price of their use is limited. This is a very refractory material that is not noticeably attacked by acid media or main means; Therefore, it serves to create sections of separation between acidic and main coatings that cannot touch with each other, as they will respond; It does not withstand the atmosphere and reducing means. Carbon. - this is the most refractory material, it resists the temperature fluctuations and the chemical effects of slag and ash; However, there is a deficiency in burning air at high temperatures.

Baking ovens are made of crushed coke, mixed with resin and resin; It is complicated, molded, dried and baked in refractory furnaces, surrounding bricks with coal or sandy dust to avoid contact with air, baking takes 2-3 days, cooling must be gradual and slow.

Graphite is an excellent neutral material that has a certain plasticity due to its lamellar structure; It often needs to be purified either mechanically or chemically by washing with acids or salt solutions, or by disintegration with alkaline carbonates and subsequent washing. Mixed with clay forms a paste, which is superficially lit when cooking; The clay mixes and stains the surface of the part, which is thus protected from contact with air.

Tigli, made of graphite or anthracite or oil coke, are of great importance for metallurgy. The proportions of the components, refractory clay, shamot, coke, graphite vary greatly depending on the purposes to which the Tigli is intended. Carborundo, silicon carbide, has high fire resistance, resists sharp changes temperatures possesses big mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, resistant to acids. As a binder with a brick bundle, it is used for strongly iron clay or coal, which, converted from carbon steams of silicon, acts as a binder.

What solution to use when laying?

Because of its high price, it is used, and not completely, for other coatings refractory. Production and trade. - The industry of refractory materials has undergone significant growth in Italy, despite the shortcomings of raw materials. Fireproofs, mostly manufactured, are silico-aluminum and aluminum alloys, the raw materials of which mainly comes from the markets of France, Germany, Czechoslovakia and in the UK. Italy has only a few quartz deposits that are operated at the local level.

The main plants are grouped into Lombardy, Liguria, Tuscany and Piedmont. Antonino Di Susa, Savona and Bolzaneto; Then other factories moved to Livorno, Milan, Corsico, Mozozate, Vado and Portovkai di Pjombino, as well as during world war, Poncano Magra, Vallega Canweisa, Bergamo, Castellamonte and, finally, the spice. Production exceeds 2 million centners per year, which almost fully meets internal demand.

Aesthetic problems that are most concerned about manufacturers of precious materials, such as coatings, "face to face", floor coverings and urban atmosphere, mostly two: fading and "Calcinelli". As for fading, there is a very large bibliography on their origin and consequences that are the result of them, as well as interventions that may limit their manifestation. In fact, this type of defect does not occur from raw materials, and from other factors, including water used in the manufacture of artifacts or a solution, when it is a terracotta that requires cement mounting.

Often it is a temporary disadvantage and a difficult objective assessment, so much that artificial methods are offered that eliminate the human eye. The origin of Calcinon, on the contrary, is associated only with the raw material, and the consequences are much more serious: in fact, it can have a constant decrease in the good part of the production, prohibiting the material in the eyes of customers, dragging companies in legal processes is very burdensome and dubious advertising with the final result of the damage to the sequence In order to make them hard to absorb.

Sometimes restrictions led to the choice, which turned out to be erroneous, since in this case the case of a tiled plant, which is so obsessed with Calcinelli's problem, took a wet grinding with sputtering of bobotine and subsequent powders. In addition to the economic downturn, submitted by the new plant and the additional cost of the operation, the system never worked, because the subtlety of the particles forming the sprayer was such to prevent the extruded column and all subsequent processing processes.

Scope of application of chamotte refractory brick

Finally, we should not forget that in extreme cases of very large mass "calcinelli", you can even destroy the same fragments with fragmentation in several parts. Of course, in these cases, the disadvantage comes far beyond the aesthetic defect and is related to any type of extruded material.

Marking and size

The purpose of this document is to highlight the problem of mortars into the attention of "workers", analyze their origin, check their behavior and offer effective solutions. Although traditionally it is believed that they originate fragments of limestone, it is more likely that they can also be obtained from dolomite, and if we take the effect on the control measure, which they cause on the surface of pieces, gypsum also falls into the circle of suspicicious minerals.

Classic limestone calcinillin is obtained from fragments found in clay and sandy raw materials, such as. Hemispherical shells of chemical origin of suture deposits in the cracks of the Mother "Rocks" Fragmentation of the surrounding carbonates with modern transport and the accumulation of precipitation of subtle materials remains of solubilization processes during formation in karst areas of clay sediments "Red Lands". Conditions for chemical deposition of carbonate concretions are.

Disadvantages of similar products

Heat ambient Good ventilation small fluid replacement. These are the same conditions that retain the formation of limestone and dolomite rocks in this case, however, sedimentary crops are marginal and not fundamental. As for gypsum, it may be present in clay soil dispersed in well-formed crystals, as well as significant sizes or is a real level of separation between subsequent shores.

The main characteristics of chamotte brick

During the study, the following samples of fragmented materials were analyzed. All samples dried at 110 ° C were previously subjected to chemical, thermal differential and thermal analysis. After preparation, the part was placed in a drying gel with a silica gel and protected from water resorption, and the rest was exhibited within 15 days in a humid environment.

All processed samples were then subjected to thermal differential and thermal analysis to identify differences with starting materials, between different preparation temperatures and different conditions Impact. Thermalifferential analysis.

The flexion of carbon dissociation is similar, even if weight loss is slightly lower. More high temperatures Pyrolytic phenomena decreases compared to this, but still very noticeable. The same restored in the air have pretty similar curves.

The known and classic calcification effect is a slice of a layer of a clay layer, which separates it from the surface of the artifact. Since this phenomenon may occur, the following conditions must be performed. It is randomly located near the brick surface, but is covered with no more than 1-3 mm sintered clay. Its size is greater than 0, 5 mm. . This, obviously, causes high pressure on a ceramic body with a weakening of a weaker wall, which separates it from the nearest outer surface. The force acting and proportional to the square of its radius; Therefore, a fragment of 2 mm has an effect 16 times greater than that of 0, 5 mm.