According to the rules fire safety The arrangement around furnaces, fireplaces and fuel boilers should pass using refractory special materials, which can simultaneously protect a residential or utility structure (bath) from the possible fire on the walls, and at the same time do not harm health.

Any furnace or fireplace to create a favorable home atmosphere is greatly warmed up, a strong heat is dealt with, which in turn can be a source of fire or fire. Therefore, it is important to carefully select the desired materials when arranging the source of heat in the house, bath or basement, if it comes to the fuel boiler.

Refractory materials can be conditionally divided according to the method of heat recoil:

• Heat-reflecting - aimed at reflection of infrared radiation inwards;
• Preventing loss due to their physical and chemical properties.

On video refractory materials for walls around the furnaces:

But they can also differ in the type of raw materials, of which they are produced:

• With organic components, for example, polystyrene foam materials, however, their refractory indicator is very small, they are best suited for walls near the furnaces with a slight heating;
• Inorganic - this is an extensive class of non-combustible materials for isolation of the most variety of refractory walls, including very combustible, such as wooden overlaps. These include stone and basalt cotton wool compressable in the size of the stove, wool from fiberglass, lightweight cellularly concrete slabs with flame retardant impregnation, celloplasts, foamed perlite or vermiculite, polypropylene.
• Mixed type - These include asbestos-cement refractories, asbestos-celastic or silica foamed from various inorganic substances.

Basic Requirements for refractory materials

Many suburban buildings are erected from wood, whether it is a cylinder or frame house, without a furnace or fireplace, it is difficult to survive a frosty winter, so they are very careful about their arrangement, and choose such materials, placed around the furnaces so that they were:

• Effective and reliably prevented any attempts to fire;
• Environmentally impeccable so that when heated does not highlight harmful substances in the home air.

For walls around stoves

Long ago, people used asbestos sheets to lay walls around the furnaces, but it turned out to be very harmful to health and ambient - His microparticles can fall into lungs or deposit on things, which leads to a serious agence, and with severe heating there are also carcinogenic substances. therefore best materials it could be considered:

Fire resistant plasterboard plates.they can act as a basis for plating walls around hot fired furnaces, and for decorating you can use a porcelain tile of the most extraordinary color.

On photo-fire-resistant plasterboard plates for the furnace:

Sheets have the following characteristics:

• Fire-resistant indicator - up to 30 minutes of confrontation of fire;
• Does not ignore until 1 o'clock and after the formation of a fire focus;
• Plate parameters - 120 x 250 x 1.25;
• With facial and reverse side by plasterboard cardboard, inside there are fiberglass threads that will oppose fire;
• Sheet ends are closed with cardboard material, there is a docking chamfer;
• Fasteners can be carried out both on adhesive compositions and on the self-tapping screw.

Fireproof minimite plates.The material features excellent heat-resistant indicators, is made exclusively from environmentally friendly substances, including:

• The compositions of white or gray cement make up to 90% of the total material;
• Mineral fibrous materials included;
• For fortress and resilience, reinforcing fiber plates are used.

Absolutely excluded asbestos fiber, which improves the quality of the material for the home furnace. It is easy to fasten on the wall with screws close to the wall itself, for reliability you can mount 2 sheet of mini. Note! When installing, it is necessary to leave a small distance, since when heated, the material may increase in size.

On photo-refractory minit plates

Protective stainless sheets -a little expensive, but reliable refractory material, with which you can protect not only the walls of the house, but also basement when installing the heating boiler. But in order to ensure the greatest protection, it is necessary to put special fiberglass with thermal protective properties - the design will reliably protect the house from any attempts to have fire. Choose the substrate carefully so that there are no harmful phenol resins in it, with severe heating they highlight too dangerous substances.

In the photo - Protective stainless sheets

Heat-resistant material from basalt fiberCompressed in mats - is distinguished by hygroscopicity, a high degree of fire confrontation, can remain unchanged at temprerate up to 900 degrees Celsius.

On the photo-heat-resistant material from basalt fiber

Superisole sheets for wall insulation - practical and universal thermal insulation material, with low specific weight and excellent indicators of strength and durability.

On Persons of Superisole for Wall Isolation

Insulation of walls heat-resistant terracotta tiles. The main advantage in the full environmental purity of the material, there are no chemical coloring compositions in them, has excellent playproof and refractory properties.

On photo-insulation of walls with heat-resistant terracotta tiles

For finishing walls under the boiler

A gas or steam boiler is very hot to ensure heat transfer into the house of the desired medium temperature. Therefore, experts recommend to equip the walls with porcelain tiles with a high degree of refractory. The characteristics of the most volatility - it can withstand a large temperature without visible signs of fire.

On photo-core stonework near the boiler

It is also allowed to use fibers with impregnation of plaster, the installation is very easy to sticker on the walls.

Recently, the popularity of the Xylolite fiber sheet began to gain popularity, since it corresponds to all environmental properties for the purity and absence of any harmful discharge, even at elevated temperatures about 1000 degrees. Also, the material is very flexible, these properties allow to sow the most curved surfaces of the walls. Perfect can withstand wet and raw air, the main characteristics do not change.

But what solution for plastering a home furnace should be used and how to choose it, it is described in detail in this

But if everyone wants to do quickly and without unnecessary trouble, it is worth paying your attention to the finished solution for masonry furnaces. To make right choice. It is necessary to follow the link and read

But what is the price of red chimney brick and how to choose it for its construction, you can learn from this

Manufacturers and prices

80% of fires in Russia are homemade fires. It is also estimated that the death and injury of people in such cases is 9 cases out of 10. For a person, the greatest danger is not the fire itself, and combustion products, first of all, carbon monoxide. The bigger poisonous substances It appears in the room during a fire, the more dangerous the situation. Another common cause of death or injury is the destruction of building structures under the influence high temperatures and open fire. In such cases, the strength of the supporting structures of the house becomes extremely important. You can protect yourself and your home from a disaster (and you need!) Still at the construction and finishing stage. To do this, it is important to make the right choice. About the materials that "do not burn in fire", we will talk in more detail.

Materials for enclosing wall structures

Choosing material for the walls, the future owner of housing is guided by its own motifs that are not always objective. Sometimes everything rests on the price, in other cases they think, for example, about the ecology of the construction. After all, many argue that in a wooden house "it is easier to breathe."

If you after long rapidly, they still chose a tree for the construction of the house, certainwise take care of fire safety. This will help you with special impregnations - antipyrenes, but the time they are able to keep the spread of fire, it is small - about 60 minutes.

If you prefer brick walls, you should know: brickwork After the fire, it is necessary to discern, since this material is destroyed under the influence of high temperatures.

Or maybe a tree and brick you will prefer the last word construction technologies. New solutions of enclosing wall structures: foam blocks, gas blocks, polystyrene bonts. About them - more.

Glass champions

it new Materialused in the frame-shield construction. The basis has chloride chloride and fiberglass chloride. It is characterized by high strength, high moisture and fire resistance, good flexibility. In addition, this material is environmentally friendly.

Easy concrete blocks

Foam blocks and gas blocks have similar specifications on fire safety.

Gasobutton - This is one of the types of cellular concrete (along with foam concrete and gas-concrete), which is an artificial stone with uniformly distributed spherical pores with a diameter of 1-3 mm. The quality of aerated concrete determines the uniformity of the distribution, the equality of volume and the closeness of these pores.

The main components of the aerated concrete are cement, quartz sand and aluminum powder, it is also possible to add plaster and lime. Industrial waste can also be included here, such as, for example, ash and slags. Aerated concrete is prepared: the raw material is mixed with water, poured into a form, after which the water and aluminum powder reaction occurs, leading to the release of hydrogen. It is hydrogen that forms pores, and the mixture rises like the dough.

After the primary hardening, the aerated concrete is cut to blocks, plates and panels. After that, the products are undergoed by hardening the steam in the autoclave, where they acquire the necessary rigidity or dried under electrically heating conditions. It is important that the aerated concrete is well-processed by the simplest tools: and sawing, and dried, and planes.

It is easily clogged with nails, brackets. Over time, aerated concrete becomes harder and harder. It does not burn, as it consists only of mineral components.

Foamclock - Building material, which is made from a variety of cellular concrete - foam concrete. It is made from ordinary cement mortar, sand and water with the addition of a foaming agent. This material, along with high heat and sound insulation properties, has low shrinkage coefficients and water absorption, has high fire resistance and at the same time resistance to low temperatures.

Polystyrevbeton - A variety of light concrete. It is a composite material, which includes portland cement, mineral filler (sand), a porous aggregator, which protrudes foam polystyrene granules (more known as "foam"), as well as air ducting additives.

Polystyrene, it should be noted, facilitating the design, does not make it fireproof, as it is a flammable material. In the case of heating, it starts to collapse, highlighting a whole bouquet of toxins. Holding at T 100-110 ° C for 2 hours leads to the complete destruction of polystyrene foam with a decrease in a volume of 3-5 times.

good to know

It is worth noting that with the frame-shield construction, not only the enclosing materials are played an important role, but also insulation. Must with the house, for example, is capable of basalt thermal insulation. The insulation of this kind is made from melting rock breed Basalt at a temperature of 1450 ° C. The main advantages of basalt insulation: low thermal conductivity, environmental safety, durability, high sound-absorbing characteristics, resistance to aggressive environment and non-causing.

Interior decoration

The main requirements for the compositions of flame retardant materials are the ability to reduce flammability of materials, reducing the spread of fire and protection of surfaces from the effects of high temperatures. But several decoration MaterialsEven without special processing, are not dangerous in the fire.

Covers and materials for walls

GLASS It is a traditional material in creating an interior, we love it for a unique combination of functional and decorative functions. This material is widely used and as fireborne for partitions and doors. And there is also such a finishing material as glass. They are made of natural raw materials - quartz sand. Gymelomes are capable of listening to 30 years, guaranteeing an environmentally friendly situation in the house. Do not support combustion and do not distinguish poisonous substances when contacting with fire.

Mineral finishing materials Also relevant in our case. After all, such quality as non-hatched is added to their durability and wear resistance. Mineral finishing materials include all kinds of ceramics, a natural stone, plastering mixes For decoration.

Artificial acrylic stone When heated can be deformed, but does not highlight harmful substances and does not support combustion. Given the wide range of colors and forms of artificial stone, this material can be considered a real competitor to a natural stone.

Floor coverings

To fireproof materials for outdoor coatings These are stone and ceramic tiles, they can also be used to finish stairs. By increasing the number of these materials in the house, we reduce the risk of spreading fire. But sometimes we still do not do without artificial materialsBehind which the status of "combustible" firmly enacted. But among them there are exceptions. So, for example, manufacturers have developed a special linoleum.

When choosing Linoleuma It is necessary to pay attention to the labeling, which characterizes the fire safety of the material.

This material has improved compared to the usual PVC coatings, CHARACTERISTICS: G1 (weakly combustible), RP1 (does not spread the flame on the surface), B2, d2, T2 (moderately marked, smoking, toxic). The latter is dangerous only with the open source of fire, does not spread the flame on the surface and allows you to evacuate, without recovering combustion products. Semit the desired markingYou can stop your choice on this material and thus take care of the passive security of your home.

Recognizing fireproof materials

About 240 minutes of open fire withstands refractory mounting foam. It is used as usual, to install windows and doors, but its special properties allow you to supply the house invisible protection. It is only necessary to provide its use in construction.

Already at the finishing finish of the new building, you can use special paints for flame retardants of wood or metal, which are protected including electrical cables. When exposed to high temperatures, they increase dramatically in volume and form a non-flammable heat insulating layer, which reduces the deformation of the metal structures, reduces the spread of fire on plastic braids of electrical cables and the surface of modern finishing materials.

good to know

Choosing a building material, pay attention to its detailed characteristics. After all, if the material does not apply to "non-combustible", it must be assigned the corresponding "combustion group":

• G1 (weakly combustible);
• G2 (moderately combustible);
• G3 (normally combustible);
• G4 (strongly combustible).

In addition to the flammability, there are other important fire and technical characteristics of materials: flammability (designated as "B"), the ability to disseminate the flame on the surface ("RP"), smoke-forming ability ("D"), and toxicity ("T"). Next to the designation characteristic indicates the degree of this body's ability (from 1 to 4). Than this degree below, the material is safer, and vice versa.

Facade finish

One of the main problems of fire safety of facade systems is the use of flammable thermal insulation materials. Most of the issues in specialists are caused by the use of thermal insulation facade based on foam polystyrene (foam).

To reduce the fire hazard of such facades, latching and edging openings from stone wool-based plates are made. Horizontal scathes do not give hot gases to spread. And the edging of the windows and doorway windows does not allow the polystyrene foam to get into the flame torch. Thus, the fire is localized, the combustion temperature decreases.

Today, the most safe way Thermal insulation is basalt thermal insulation. The main advantages of basalt insulation: low thermal conductivity, environmental safety, durability, high sound-absorbing characteristics, resistance to aggressive environment and non-causing.

good to know

As is known, the treatment of fire protection compositions is not a panacea from fire, their action is limited in time. As a rule, they provide reliable protection for a period of a maximum of 60 minutes, during which fire can be localized or completely eliminated.

A distinctive feature of fire preparations for processing metal structures, finishing materials and electrical cables is that they have strong thermal insulating properties. Under the influence of high temperatures, they are exhausted and acquired properties of the clay, reliably protecting both from fire and thermal exposure.

The same can be said in relation to low temperatures - the plastic braid of the electrocabilities does not deteriorate and does not crack in the cold, sharp temperature differences are also not terrible.

The right choice of construction and finishing materials is just the first step towards security. And ultimately, it is important how serious and responsibly you will react to fire safety measures in general. After all, risks are a huge amount. Remember your home should be not only beautiful and cozy, but also safe in all respects!

When the question of the choice of finishing materials is solved, it is very important to pay attention not only to their color, texture and environmental friendliness, but also think about fire safety. Fortunately, progress touched not only decorative properties, but also influenced the operational features of all finishing materials, combustible and non-combustible.

Degree of flammability of finishing materials

In order to attribute one or another finishing material to any class, it is necessary to estimate it according to the following parameters: the ease of ignition and spread of the flame, toxicity, as well as the ability to smoke.

The main factor in accordance with which determine the degree of flamnsity is the raw material used for the production of finishing materials.

We received the greatest distribution mineral finishing materials : Glass, ceramics, brick, etc. They belong to the class of non-combustible, nevertheless mineral materials Rarely used in pure form. As a rule, a certain amount of organic or polymeric substances add to them, after which the material can already be called only weakly thoroughly.

Polymeric finishing materials Refer to inorganic and fall into the category of flammable. However, the degree of flammability in different polymers depends on their chemical composition. The so-called reactors under the influence of high temperatures form a special layer that prevents the combustion of the material, and the thermoplastics are melted without creating any heat-protecting layer. And although the polymer materials cannot be translated into the class of non-combustible, the degree of their fire hazard can be significantly reduced by treating materials with antipirens - substances that increase fire resistance.

Very often for the production of finishing materials use wood. Widespread products from it - chipboard, fiberboard and plywood. Like all organic materials They belong to the combustion class. In addition, their surface is processed by varnishes and paints, which further increases their fire hazard, because during fire, not only carbon monoxide, but also various toxic substances will begin to stand out. That is why most organic finishing materials need to be treated with antipyrenes.

Fireproof materials used for wall decoration include plasterboard. His gypsum base is non-combustible, and the decorative film belongs to the category of weakly thoroughly, due to which this material can be used in the premises of any functional purpose.

Fireproof the flooring materials for the floor mainly determines the flame propagation indicator on their surface. It should be noted that most of the floor coatings used in homes and offices make up linoleum and laminate . They relate to strongly combustible finishing materials, and therefore they cannot be used on evacuation paths. The non-combustible finishing materials for the floor include ceramic tiles and ceramographic . They are suitable for any premises, regardless of functionality.

No less important is the choice of non-combustible material and for finishing the ceilings. Insofar as thermoplastic materials Capable during the burning melting, forming a drop, which, hitting the furniture or floor, will contribute to the spread of fire.

It should be noted that today all high-rise buildings and office buildings must necessarily have evacuation paths. In these areas, premises are usually used non-combustible construction and finishing materials. However, it is not necessary to rely only on these security measures, ideally, every office, a house or apartment should be equipped with a fire alarm and smoke removal system. About its safety should be taken care of independently!

The construction of the house is made according to certain rules., among which it is worth highlight fire safety or fire resistance. Selection of materials should be made with this requirement. Even during construction wooden house Special processing of fire-resistant materials should be performed. So, the most responsible stage will have to choose the most suitable and the most fireproof building material for the future at home. It depends not only on financial capabilities, but also from the aesthetics of the material, its availability and operating parameters.

What does the market offer?

Someone prefers a tree and other natural materials, someone is a modern trendy house with panoramic glazing. Whatever the material you preferred for your future housing, you will have to face fireproof issues (design documents should be approved in the relevant instances).

Usually, this stage is combined with the insulation of the "box" at home. Often used thermal insulation from stone wool - Rockwool. This material can withstand temperatures up to 1000 degrees. Accordingly, such a "blocker" reliably delays fire and its distribution, while significantly increases the fire safety of the entire structure. With a small burning, it does not highlight combustible and hazardous substances. Conduct arrangement of the house by non-heat screens. They are installed on the roof, overlaps, internal partitions, as well as in the places of chimneal pipes, boiler, basement, tambours and adjoining rooms;

Compare basic building materials

1. The most combustible material - wood. However, oak, for example, the most resistant to the action of fire, the most fast-frounted tree - pine and fir. All elements of the house are impregnated with fire-resistant compositions - antipyrenes. However, it is only superficial protection;

2. Aerated concrete - the most fire-resistant materialwhich is able to withstand up to 4 hours an open fire and not collapse. Less resistant brick, when burning it cracks and loses carrying abilitySo the house is quickly destroyed. Additionally, non-heavily insulation in two schemes can be equipped: "Wall-insulator-wall" or a facade system. Today, fuel-concrete blocks have absolute fire resistance, it is absolutely non-flammable and refractory material;

3. Foam concrete - picked "brick", which is also characterized by high fire resistance - at least 2 hours of permanent operation of open fire;

4. Skinoblocks, slag blocks, ceramic blocks And other materials also have fire resistance, while also differ in the low price. In average, resistance is at least 1.5 hours without visible destruction with a wall thickness of 150 mm., With an increase in the last parameter, you can win a little time;

5. The non-combustible materials also belong: Concrete, Limestone, Marble, Natural Stone, Ceramics and Solutions. It is these compositions that are most often used for finishing.

Whatever material for your home is not chosen, it is important to pay for all operational characteristics, and especially on fireproof.

During the construction of houses, people tend to choose materials that are characterized by increased safety, well retain heat and also create comfort and comfort in the house. It will be about.

Non-combustible materials are materials, which are used by mineral various substances.

This is primarily the usual stone of natural origin, concrete, which is made of cement, ceramics, glass, metal products. The main non-combustible material is gypsum. It is worth mentioning about some superiority of gypsum in front of other non-flammable materials. First of all, gypsum is made of pure natural minerals without the use of any foreign chemicals, which makes it environmentally friendly and safe for human health. He also has a property to quickly stick, it is a very strong material. The special property of the gypsum is the ability to maintain heat in the premises, during the construction of which it is used, this is a kind of thermostat and insulator, since the gypsum also misses the sounds and noises, which also poices a considerable role when creating comfort especially city premises.

The second place in safety can be attributed to the difficulty materials. These are materials in the manufacture of which besides minerals Use various additives. Named materials also belong to one of the safest, because they do not flare up, only smooth, highlighting a large amount of smoke. Such materials, primarily include wood materials impregnated with flame retardant. As for refractory materials, their main property is increased resistance in thermal and chemical influences. They are also made from a substance of mineral origin, it can be ceramics, oxide, silicate and other substances. Refractory materials are able to withstand the temperature of about 1600 ° C. Exposure of such a significant temperature allows you to use these materials in the manufacture of domain furnaces and other similar devices.

The first place for the sale of refractory materials is occupied by Kiev, followed by such cities like Simferopol, Dnepropetrovsk and Donetsk. One of the largest sales of refractory materials is a private enterprise "OGNAUPOR - INVEST", which is sold fireproof bricks, ceramics, various building refractory mixtures and others.

Among non-combustible materials should highlight non-combustible sheetworks. These are materials that are manufactured from magnesium oxide, perlite and magnesium chloride, as well as mandatory is the use of fiberglass into their composition. These sheet non-combustible materials are distinguished by resistance to moisture and high temperatures. These materials are usually used in construction in which large or long pieces of such material are needed. It can also be a steel door panel and similar application.

Non-combustible materials for walls are mostly different types of panels. The main non-combustible material for the walls is, as already mentioned, gypsum. But it is a special type of gypsum, it is decorated and has a different color palette, which allows it to be used in the inner part of the houses without the use of wallpaper, paint and other materials that are customary to close non-psychic plaster. Also, the non-combustible materials for walls include a tile that is intended for bathrooms, the advantage of such tiles is that they not only belong to non-combustible materials, but also absorb moisture and confront the formation of fungi on the walls. Different types of non-combustible building materials are used when finishing ceilings and walls of residential premises. But it is only the main and most frequent use of this kind of materials. In fact, the list of non-combustible building materials is so large, which allows you to build a house and equip it with absolute security.

To the most common non-combustible building materials refers linoleum, tile from different species ceramics, parquet, stretch ceiling, various gypsum products and many other things. As for the decoration of houses, here you can also use such non-combustible materials as sockets, frescoes, decorated sockets for ceilings, baguettes for ceilings. So for your home you can choose the safest and affordable materials. At the same time, the plus of all the highest listed materials is that almost all of them will not spoil the decor of the house or apartment, and you can choose exactly what you will like to you. Moreover, the production and sale of such materials is actually carried out in all cities of Ukraine and does not constitute difficulties in delivery.