Conventional plaster special and decorative. Cement plaster walls with their own hands. Composition of plastering mixes
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From manifold plastering mixes When carrying out repair work, the greatest popularity enjoys cement and Alebaster (Gypsum) Solution. Cement plaster It is widely used in modern construction for covering facades, walls, ceilings, climbing chosel. (Fig.1)
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The plaster mixtures include cement, sand fillers, marble crumb or limestone and fibers of various origin. To give certain qualities, polymers, clay and plasticizers are used.
Technologies
Sgrafthito technique - step to the perfection of your interior
Recently, color has become very often used decorative plasterwhich is perfect for finishing facades of buildings and various architectural elements
The field of technology to which the invention relates. The present invention relates to a gypsum composition and especially relates to a gypsum composition with flexibility and ability to adhere to the surfaces to which conventional plasters usually cannot be satisfactorily applied.
Prior art. Conventional plaster compositions usually include mineral Material or aggregate. Usually, the sand, to which is added in an amount depending on the use, to which the composition should be applied, a waterproof gypsum product, for example. Paris and Water Swimer so that the mixture has enough workability to resolve and scatter with a spatula. An installed gypsum product, which is later called solid plaster, is a hardener.
Silk plaster - Raisin in the design of the premises
Many designers have recently used silk plasters for wall decoration. What do they imagine? Tell me what is their beauty and raisin?
Plaster: species, appointment, work technique
Plaster - material designed to keep construction work. The technology of applying plaster is similar to technology for putty in a small difference - plaster is not polished by abrasive materials.
Cement plastering
Sometimes there are difficulties with applying a conventional plastering composition on some surfaces, especially when applied in a thin layer, which can sprinkle and crack. In addition, conventional plaster compositions, although they are able to withstand high compressive stresses, are fragile and do not have tensile strength, therefore, if used as a coating for old plaster or for concrete walls, it is necessary to distribute thickly, for example, from one quarter to Half inch.
Plaster surfaces with machine method - advantages
Stuccoings of walls - one of the important stages of the premises. With minor scope of work, the plaster is applied by hand, and at facilities more than 300 m2 requires machine application of plaster
How to make corners of 90 degrees when plastered walls? Master will reveal his secret
Do you know how to put lighthouses and plastering the walls? It's great. Do you have an angles of 90 degrees? Check your finished walls with the coal.
Confectionery plaster compositions tend to crack and peeling when applied to flexible leaf panels, such as plywood, and are not glued to painted or lacquered surfaces. In addition, conventional plastering compositions are usually not acceptable as a surface finish, because due to their porosity they easily capture and hold outsiders. Consequently, they quickly become dirty and unsightly.
"Venetian" Plaster - Marble Effect
Such surfaces include coarse and porous surfaces, such as plaster, drywall, concrete, finished sheet, wallpaper, metal and plastic. The plaster according to the invention with a thickness of one sixteenth to one eighth cannot easily split, spray or checked.
Preparation of surface to shuttering
Plaster is considered the main work of the surface leveling, and is also preparation for the next stage of repair. Watching technology itself also needs a preparatory stage.
To categoriarity: Plastering
Proper preparation and use of cement-limestone plaster
The plastering composition of the present invention includes at least a mixture of sand and latex sealant and ingredient of the primary filler, which can be a plasterboard plaster or haired lime, or a plaster-based filler. The ingredients of the filler affect the drying time, which depends on the characteristics of the hydraulic characteristics of the ingredient of the RPLEL when combined into the mixture. The operating properties of the gypsum composition are improved by mixing all five ingredients above, in the appropriate proportions, with water, which also leads to the low cost of the composition.
Stucco compositions for plastering
Ordinary plaster It is performed from cement-sand, lime-sand, mixed lime-pebonent-sand, clay and gypsum solutions. The quality of implementation distinguishes simple, improved and high-quality plaster. To prepare plaster solutions, plasticizers, binding fillers and water, are used - all these components are well stirred to obtain a homogeneous mass. Suitable for work is considered a solution adhering to a thin layer to the weft, which is stirred.
Secondary fillers with particle size, similar to the primary filler and having suitable drying characteristics can also be included. The composition in accordance with the invention includes these two ingredients and is flexible to such an extent that it does not crack in cases where ordinary plaster often badly crack.
Other well-known analogs with filler based on seams are also known, and in this description such fillers are called joint fillers. Grinding plaster from plaster and putty act as the ingredients of the filler and affect the characteristics of the drying of the mixture. Other filler ingredients can be used as described below.
The plastering solution, depending on the application of the plasticizer after a certain time (from 10 minutes to several hours) hardens and turns into a stone.
Most often, lime, which has the properties of both a plasticizer and a binder, is used for the preparation of the solution, and is very well seized with stone and wooden surfaces. The lime solution is hardening very slowly, reaching the settlement strength to decades. However, the necessary strength is obtained immediately after drying, almost 2-3 days after applying plaster on the surface.
This is a polyvinyl acetate copolymer inner plasticized latex resin emulsion, pigmented by titanium dioxide and fillers. Latex sealants usually have vehicles based on compounds such as polyvinyl acetate, vinylcryl or styrene butadiene, and ingredients are added to these vehicles to reduce foaming and increase drying time. Titanium dioxide is usually used as a pigment. Latex sealants are a stabilized polymer suspension in water and are commonly used as a primer sealant for applying for conventional porous surfaces of the walls.
The inner surfaces of the buildings are placed with a lime solution, most of the premises are covered in old buildings. Under the action of water, the plaster is spoiled. The strength of limestone plaster is low. It is destroyed from shocks, so most of the plastered surfaces requiring repair are limestone plaster.
The unit is used to give the body of the composition and create a pleasant surface. To achieve optimal sand results used in Example 1, it is a washed sand with a particle size in the range from one sixteenth to one eighth in.
Consumption of plaster plaster
Other compounds can be used, in addition to sand, the substitute for which is a granite chip having a particle size similar to the washed sand. Aggregates must be free from acid and salts from sea waterand to achieve the best results with washing.
If you add cement to a lime solution, the so-called complex solution will be obtained. It is much stronger than lime and not so subject to the action of dampness. Adding to the cement solution increases the cost of plaster, so it does not apply when finishing the premises in new construction. However, in the manufacture of repair work, the addition of cement is desirable. Cement becomes durable after 28 days. Stucco with the addition of cement acquires required strength in 2-3 days.
Sand and solid wall give a solid composition and hardness during drying, and hawed lime prevents drying and bleaching the dried plaster. Increased flexibility of the composition and resistance to peeling, cracking and checking are attributed to latex sealant. Joint fillers also increases the time of setting the lime and rigidity, allowing employees to apply and properly work with the composition. The proportions of the filler ingredients can be varied, as indicated, and the amount of water can also vary.
Composition of solutions for plastering works
Options are intended to obtain a pasty mixture having a consistency that allows the employee to smoothly process the composition with a spatula above the surface to be coated. The factors affecting the workability are complex, the experienced master knows, feeling on the soldier, whether the sequence corresponds to him.
To accelerate the hardening of a lime solution in dry rooms, plaster adds to it. A mixture of plaster and a lime solution is prepared at a time in such a quantity so that it can be used for 10-15 minutes.
The solution can also be prepared only from cement and sand. Moreover, cement will need significantly more, because in this case it is both a plasticizer. The amount of cement can be significantly reduced if used as a plasticizer to use dry crushed clay.
There are other primers that are sold as a primer for applying glossy painted or varnished surfaces and are in the future are called plastic soils. General rule In trade, plaster is that if you can drink water, you can use it for mixing plaster. Satisfactory results are obtained using water from a regular source of drinking water.
After stirring and mixing, the latex sealant is poured into a wet mixture and stirred. Then gypsum plaster Slowly stirred in a wet mix to prevent installation. The mixture is allowed to stand for a short time, minutes, and then apply.
Although the lime is a better plasticizer, its use in solutions is quite uncomfortable. Lime required for the preparation of the solution must be pre-repaid. To do this, it is poured with water and leave for several weeks. But in lime considered ready, even after two weeks, the limestone dough remains not yet redeemed lime particles, which after sifting fall into the solution. Under the action of damp, located in the plaster and indoors, they continue to evoke and swell, and can completely spoil the finish within 2-4 weeks.
The primer is selected, suitable for each plaster. Plastic primer, as described above, is used to ensure the base for plastering on surfaces, such as, for example, lacquered wood, glass and ceramics, plastics, acoustic ceiling tiles. For surfaces with high glitter, it is recommended to use two layers of primer to ensure sufficient base. Plastic primer can also be used on the surfaces of wall and plaster surfaces, provided that these surfaces are dry and not susceptible to damp. Losening, etc.
From these shortcomings, a smaller lime is free into powder (fastened lime). It is quenched with water for 8-30 minutes, highlighting a large amount of heat and steam. For this, dry components of the mortar mixture and lime are thoroughly mixed up to form a homogeneous mass and water is poured into it. Then the solution of 5-6 minutes is mixed, after which it can be used. Of 1 kg of fading lime, 2-3.5 kg of limestone test is obtained. Since when repair work The speed of hardening of plaster, when finishing interior premises To the solution you need to add gypsum, and external surfaces and raw rooms, cement with latex glue PVA. IN cement mortar Latex glue is added to 20% of the mass of cement.
Metal surfaces are prepared in the usual way and initially primed by primer material for this particular metal and, while dry, painted with plastic primer as the base for the gypsum composition. As a substitute for plastic primer, the initially primed metal can be painted with conventional alkaline ground primer or ordinary primer oil.
For concrete surfaces as well wall panels and plaster, especially if the wall and plastering surfaces tend to be wet, the surface is poured with latex sealant, as described above. Thus, the thickness of the applied composition is determined automatically, as it corresponds to the maximum.
The most common compounds of plastering solution (in bulk parts): Lime Dough: Clay: Sand 1: 0.25: (3 ... 4) Lime Dough: Clay: Gypsum: Sand 1: 0.5: 0.6 (5 ..- 7) Lime Dough: Gypsum: Sand 1: 0.3: (3 ... 4) Lime Dough: Sand 1: (4 ... 5) Lime Dough: Cement: Sand 1: 0.5: (3 ... 4) Cement: Clay: Sand 1: (1 ... 1.5): (4 ... b) Gypsum: Clay: Sand 1: 0.6: (2 ... 3) Cement: Sand 1: (3 ... 5)
In addition, sand particles give the composition when applied and install a finish, which usually does not require coloring. Plaster also has, compared to conventional plaster, increased resistance to cracking under the action of heat from random fires.
Basic manufacturers of cement plaster and prices
The compositions and characteristics of the ingredients of different manufacturers sold as similar products differ, and due to this option for optimal results, portions are sometimes listed. In addition, as you know, the characteristics of the ingredients sold as the same ingredients from the same manufacturer, from time to time they change depending on the storage of the ingredient and the initial raw materials. If it is unsightly, a layer of general latex paint over plaster is usually sufficient to mask color variations.
In the above compositions, the amount of sand is indicated for the layer of plastering normal thickness. After the plaster hardens and dry, it can already be smoothly putty.
The finish can be started without waiting until the plaster dries. To do this, it is necessary to prepare a finishing plaster mixture with finely chopped sand (the diameter of the sands up to 0.3 mm). The amount of this sand in the solution should be 3 times less than in the main solution.
In addition, famous astes, humidity, temperature ambient And the surface temperature to be plastered, affects the characteristics of the drying. To achieve the best results, the proportions of ingredients must be adjusted in accordance with these conditions. The use of plaster for external surfaces requires suitable weather to achieve satisfactory results.
The texture of the crossbar of lime-cement plasters
To apply plaster on the surface with a small area, say, less than about four hundred square feet, certain ingredients can be removed from the composite. Example 2. Sand 4 5 parts Latex sealant 3 5 parts Putty 4 5 parts of water 0 2 Parts Example 3 The second alternative simplified composition Example 3 in which the harated lime is used as the ingredient of the filler contains ingredients in parts by volume in the ranges as follows.
The finishing solution should be applied to the main plaster immediately after it is rejected, and a solution containing plaster is immediately after applying the main plaster to the surface. The cement-latex finishing solution is applied on the main layer of plaster around an hour.
Before applying the finishing solution, the main plaster surface should be moistened with water with a brush or brush. If necessary, the latter finishing solution is made without sand and applied to the surface with a spatula.
The main components of any solution-binding material and aggregate, which are thoroughly mixed and bred by water.
Binding materials include clay, lime, cement, gypsum. To aggregates - sand, slag, pumice, charcoal.
Building lime
For the preparation of solutions, lime-boiling is used - this is an oversized lime, and the lime-flush is hammer in powder and harated lime. Quicklime - pieces of grayish color, hammer - grayish powder.
It is best to quench the lime in a special box - it is not difficult to put it on himself.
Fighter lime It is necessary to pour into the box about a quarter of it or pour it into the water so that it closes the lime. The minutes was lying ten, when pairs appear, it is necessary, adding water, dilute the lime to obtain a limescale milk, which should then be strain through a sieve with cells of 2x 2 ilsch zmm and merge into a divent hole in the ground and covered with boards.
Middle lime It is prepared about the same way - it falls asleep in the box on a quarter of height and poured with water. But here water should be more - about half of the height of the drawer. When pairs appear - and it will be about 20-25 minutes, the lime is mixed, topping the water until you bring it to milk density. Then the composition is focused and merges into the creative pit.
Slow lime Preparing for work otherwise. It is also necessary to fall asleep in a bin on a quarter of height, but not to fill with water, and crackers will appear on loushes in lime-boils, then quenching began. From now on, it is necessary to add water to small portions - so as not to
Cool lime. When the quenching is thus completed, the lime is diluted to milk density and merge into the cleaner pit. After a day, other milk thickens into the dough. It must be floated with sainted sand, and then the earth so that the layer was at least 50 mm. You can not fall asleep the dough, but constantly pour it with water. In this position, the lime must be withstanding at least three weeks. If this is not done, uncharged lumps will remain in the lime. They will be embarrassed in the plaster under the influence of water, forming dutch.
But it is necessary to remind: in its pure form, it should not be used as plaster. Lime dough, when it dries, gives such a large shrinkage that sometimes it is difficult to determine the final thickness of the plaster layer. In addition, it cracks and does not have good strength. Therefore, it will be necessary to prepare a plaster solution from the lime, in which the aggregates are added: sand, ground slag, pumice. It is also necessary to have a lime solution hardening quite slowly.
In plaster solutions, the lime can be replaced by a subzole, a focus, carbide or clay.
Podzole. - This is the waste of the leather industry: mixed with hair lime. Before use, the subway should be wiped through a sieve with cells is not larger than 10 x 10 mm - thus sifted foreign particles.
Occara - Textile industry: low-grade lime, mixed with small woolen hair. It also needs to wipe through the same sieve. It should be borne in mind that a chlorine contains composed of fresh. To completely remove it, it is necessary to withstand in the dumps or in the fresh air boxes to be fully reduced.
Carbide IL. - Calcium carbide waste upon receipt of acetylene. It is lime in which there is no water. But besides it, the undeveloped carbide particles. As long as Il smells acetylene, it is impossible to use it. In order to exclude unpleasant consequences, It is necessary to withstand the carbide il in the box outdoors for at least a month.
ClayAs a rule, contaminated with unauthorized impurities. To remove them, it is necessary to dissolve clay in the water, strain through the sieve, to give a consistency to stand and strain once again.
Gypsum - the only thing binding materialswhich can be used in pure form. For plastering Clean gypsum is inconvenient by what quickly grasps, harden. But this inconvenience can be partly eliminated if in the water that you will breed gypsum, add 1 -2 percent of the meter or bone glue, 5 - 10 percent of the boranets or 10 - 20 percent of the lime test.
Cement For the preparation of plaster solutions, especially at home, it is considered the best binding material: it does not require any additional operations Before use.
It is necessary to just know the grasp of the cement mortar: the beginning is not earlier than 45 minutes after you breed it with water, the end of no more than 12 hours. Finally harde the cement mortar through three to four weeks.
Sand - The most common complementary. But you should always know what you use sand. If the sea - it should be thoroughly rinsed with fresh water to remove salinization; Otherwise sea \u200b\u200bsalt Weave the strength of binding materials. If river, it should be washed, but with another purpose - to separate the sand from the sludge. If an ambition or mountain is often enough to sift it. However, it happens, the mountain and international sand is clogged by clay. Then you need to rinse it. At home, it is best to use small sand, with semi-mirmetic grains.
Slag sand Requires preparatory operations. First you need three months to withstand the open-air slag, so that the rains were flushed out of it, chemically active impurities. Then slag crushed and sieved. Slag sand for plaster solutions is used primarily in cases where the room should be insulated. At the same time, the recommended thickness of plaster - more than three centimeters.
Charcoal Apply also in cases where they want to warm the room. Small fraction out wood coal You can get simple crushing without any preprocessing.
Pumice For plaster solutions, the only requirement should be satisfied - to be shallow. Therefore, it is usually necessary to simply sift through the sieve, the magnitude of the cells of which does not exceed 5 x 5 mm.
Stucco compositions for plastering