Requirements for quality plaster. Basic defects. Types of ordinary plaster. Finished plaster what it is

Plaster - This is the type of finishing work, as a result of which a flat surface is created for the subsequent application of finishing coatings. The most widespread materials for the maintenance of plaster are cement-sandy solution, a lime solution, as well as gypsum mixtures.

Lime solutions Used in most cases when working. Solutions of this have such advantages as the convenience and high speed of use when applied, as well as, in fact, the maximum environmental friendliness. The disadvantages include relatively low strength. Lime solutions are prepared from river sand and exhausted lime with the addition of cement.

Gypsum solutions can only be internal workoh. When applied, it turns out fairly smooth white. The disadvantages of gypsum solutions include their insufficient moisture resistance, as well as low strength.

Cement-sand solutions It can be used when working both indoors and outside. They are a bit more complicated in application, but the coating is much stronger than when using lime or gypsum solutions. Cement-sand solutions consist of cement and river sand, lime or other components in minor quantities can be added to give a plasticity solution.

The outer walls of all buildings and structures are in direct constant contact with external environment. It is well known that almost any construction material Under the influence of temperature differences, moisture, and chemically aggressive in the atmosphere gradually collapses. And, as a result, the strength parameters of the facade are largely dependent on the outer layer. The protective properties of any type of plastering are evaluated, first of all, its ability to resist various sodes. Extremely significant and decorative properties facade finish. Color and texture of the finishing layer, as well as the level of professionalism of execution plastering Largely affect the level of the final architectural expressiveness of the building.

Modern facade plasters Many useful qualities and properties feature. Preparation plaster mix Or the finished composition today is based on quite many features of a particular object. Namely, what material was used in the construction of the wall of the facade, in which climatic building is operated and others. Existing facade plaster can be repairs and decorative. Repair are used in order to align the walls, as well as sealing cracks and chosel. The layer formed by repair plaster serves as the basis for the subsequent finish coating.

Decorative plaster form a pretty durable top protective layerAnd also have a huge impact on the appearance of the facade as a whole. To date, polymer-cement, acrylic, silicone and silicate plasters and putty are added to the existing long-term and used facades to be cement-sandy solutions.

Polymer cement plasters The presence in its composition of the polymer binder component located in the mixture along with cement, sand, lime and modifiers are distinguished. One of the main advantages of polymer cement plasters are quite high vapor permeability, as well as low flammability. Among the polymer cement mixtures are present both repair and finishing formulations.

Liquid glass is the main one, but can be said and determining the properties of the final product, a component of silicate plasters. Silicate plasters Provide very good vapor permeability and resistance to biologically determined corrosion. They can be used as for inland wallsand for outdoor decoration Almost any kinds of mineral bases. Silicate plasters are quite widely used in the restoration work, since they are very suitable for the physico-chemical properties and composition. construction work in the past. Silicate plaster distinguishes quite large color variety.

Silicone plasters Produced using modified silicone resins. They have fairly good vapor permeability, elasticity and moisture resistance. Silicone plasters very successfully confront the effects of exhaust gases, acid rain, as well as ammonia evaporation. It is for this reason that this type of plaster is quite good for buildings and structures located in areas with a polluted atmosphere.

Acrylic plasters - It is ready to use water-based compositions. In a number of acrylic plasters, both repair and decorative compounds With a huge number of color shades and textures. The best acrylic plasters combine almost all the properties necessary for truly reliable protection of facades. This is high mechanical strength, sufficient vapor permeability, high moisture resistance, elasticity, and frost resistance. It is for these reasons that it can be concluded that high-quality acrylic facade coatings are the most versatile.

Articles on paint and varnishes

Characteristics of plastecrockers

Currently, new materials and technologies gradually displacing the characteristic features of the interior of Soviet times. For example, the walls of the walls are now unlikely. Plasters - exactly what allows you to keep up with the times. The decorative function of plaster is the creation of various decorative effects. At the same time, a certain texture of different shades can be attached to the surface of the plastering layer. Decorative coatings They have a number of important advantages compared to traditional finishes. First, the texture is a weakly combustible decorative finishing material. Secondly, it is much more practical than any, even the most durable wallpaper. Thirdly, the coatings are manufactured from environmentally friendly materials and do not distinguish harmful substances. Well, finally, it's just beautiful, prestigious and modern! A variety of invoices is simply impressive: marble coatings, a natural stone, "Old plaster", wood or with pearl luminescence effects. Specialists classified decorative plaster By type of binder element (materials on aquatic and non-aqueous basis), according to the material of the filler, the method of applying and forming a surface pattern. there is different types Plastekers:

• ordinary plaster;
• structural (embossed, textured) decorative plasters;

Ordinaryit serves mainly for alignment of the walls and, in meaning, is not much different from the putty. Structural decorative plaster.Structural plaster is finishing materialwhich is able to solve a number of issues in the interior decoration, the most important of which is to give the interior of individuality. Relief stucco this is one of the types of decorative plaster, allowing you to create original patterns and unusual drawings. Textured plaster is designed to imitate the surface different materials, at the expense, it found a very widespread application in decorating the premises. The date of the material is suitable absolutely for any interiors not only due to the large selection of textures, but also due to its color variety. Structural decorative plaster contains mineral grain as filler.Fillers for decorative plasters are three main species. This is a marble, granite and quartz crumb or mixtures thereof. Each of the fillers has its own features. The apartment crumb has an average adhesiveness with a polymer binder, a smooth surface, abrasion resistance and scratches. The marble crumb has a good cloudy with a polymer, however, its resistance to abrasion and scratches are low. The grains of marble crumbs have a rough surface. Granite crumb also has a rough surface, an average adhesion with a polymer binder, good resistance to abrasion and scratches. In addition to mineral fillers, polymer granules, cellulosic or silk fibers can also be used in decorative plasters. The crumb grains may vary in fairly wide limits: from 0.5 to 5 mm. In this case, the same material can be produced in several embodiments with a variety of crumbs. It is natural that its size affects not only the appearance and relief of the surface, but also significantly affects the consumption of the material: the crumb is more, the higher the consumption. Decorative plasters with large grains of fillers are preferably used for outer decoration, since such surfaces are found in the main way: so that the surface structure is noticeable, it must have a rather major relief. For decoration interior premises Materials are suitable with a small fraction of crumb - the surface will be less successful. According to the formation of a pattern on the surfaces, decorative plaster is conventionally divided into three large groups. TO first There are plasters, the drawing on the surface of which is applied by the "method of display", for example, a relief roller, slight knife, special brushes, brushes, broom or just with fingers. Second Group are plasters containing a small amount of coarse granules of mineral filler and forming the surface according to the "method of combination". After applying to the wall, the mass is spattered with a spatula or ironing. At the same time, on the wall due to the corresponding movement, the filler grains appear pattern: in the form of grooves and grooves - if the filler granules have a rounded shape; Scratch or "beard" - if the grains of the filler are rough and have an irregular shape. Third An extensive group of decorative plasters represent the so-called "textured", which are applied by a simple spatula, roller or spraying without any subsequent processing, and smuggled with ironing. At the same time, the surface, depending on the material used, becomes a one-photon or multicolor. The total disadvantage of the decorative plaster is its high and laboriousness of application associated with its rapid solidification. To apply decorative plaster requires a lot of experience. The material requires compulsory thorough preparation of the surface (machining by primer, putty, thicker materials). binder distinguish mineral Dry mixes on cement or gypsum and ready-made polymer plasters based on copolymers resin. Mineral plaster Based on cement, it is most often used in the design of buildings facades and as a finishing layer in the thermal insulation system of facades. Such plaster is usually white or gray. To give them a color and protection against atmospheric influences, they are covered with applated facade paints on top. The structure of the pattern on the wall may contain furrows, and can be evenly rough. The advantages of mineral plasters include nonserance and high vapor permeability, i.e. plasters well "breathe". Prerequisites polymer plasters There are penter and monophonic (usually white). Pinsy Plasters contain colored grains, mixed in various combinations. The binding base when drying becomes transparent. Monophonic Polymer plaster, similar to paints, contain white pigments and fillers. Such plasters are cocked in the volume in the bright and medium saturation of the tone. Binder Polymer plasters are copolymers acrylic, syloksanova, siliconova Resins or liquid potash glass. The use of materials on a non-aqueous basis has epoxy resins and polyurethanes as binding elements. Their advantages include high wear resistance of coatings, resistance to aggressive media, strength and good adhesion with the base. Decorative plasters on an epoxy basis are applied only for internal works, and polyurethane compositions can be fried surface and inside and outside the premises. After applying and drying, decorative plaster on a polyurethane and epoxy basis do not support burning. However, it should be remembered that when heated above 140 ° C, the resin components of the material are beginning to decompose with the release of toxic substances (decorative epoxy-based plasters, compounds with chlorine, and polyurethane - cyanides). In this respect, decorative plasters on water based Much more safe: polymers included in them, decomposing, do not distinguish harmful substances. Acrylic plasters.Water-based plaster on acrylic basis are the most popular. They have excellent adhesion to the main types of surface, are not afraid of wet cleaning, have good resistance to abrasion. Another advantage of acrylic plasters is a large selection of colors for tinting, from bright to middle saturated. Acrylic plasters retain the color well and withstand intensive UV radiation. At the same time, the coating turns out to be sufficiently elastic. The acrylic plasters have low vapor permeability, so they should be used on the facades on the "non-breathing" bases (monolithic concrete) and in thermal insulation systems in which the insulation serves as a heated foam. Siloxane and silicone plasters - The most modern facade materials that combine almost all best properties acrylic I. silicate materials. The binding in them is emulsified silicone resins.The silicone chain consisting of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms is called siloxan. Molecules containing several chains related siloxana, called polysiloxanor silicone.The difference between silicone and siloxanine materials is as follows. Siloxane materials contain acrylic resins with the addition of a small amount (in most cases about 1%) of siloxane filler. Siloxane, serves mainly only to repulsion water and increasing pair-and gas permeability. During the drying of the layer of material, the siloxane molecules float to the surface and form a water-repellent layer. Due to the fact that they are on the surface, ultraviolet light and atmospheric effects gradually destroy them (about 3 to 5 years) .Silicone products, on the contrary, contain the emulsion of silicone resin. This silicone binder (usually 2% is 5%). When drying, the emulsion is distributed throughout the volume of the film, providing unique properties to the entire volume of the material, and not only its surface. Silicone emulsion is not destroyed by ultraviolet radiation and is not amenable to atmospheric influences. Silicone plasters have vapor permeability comparable to silicate plaster, combined with a high degree of hydrophobicity. In contrast to silicate plasters, they form the surface that is lowered by water, on which rainwater remains drops, without wasting the base. The film formed by silicone resins has the highest elasticity and does not cause surface stresses on the substrate, and, therefore, does not form microcracks.The structure of the film has the ability to self-cleaning. Silicone coatings have good adhesion, they skip well carbon dioxide And repel water, provide protection against UV radiation, have great elasticity, and hence the durability. They can be applied to almost all the substrate available in the construction practice. In contrast to acrylic polymers, silicone resins are not thermoplastic, that is, they are not softened by increasing the temperature and electrically neutral. In combination with high water repellent properties, this means that the surface covered with silicone plasters is practically not contaminated. Silicone plasters are suitable for almost all types mineral surfaces. They are also well compatible with both mineral and acrylic or latex paints. The most important difference in siloxane plasters from acrylic is their stability to alkalis.Silicone coatings, as well as silicate, do not support the development of microorganisms. Therefore, they do not need to apply special fungicidal and algicide additives that are needed in acrylic products.Their only drawback is a high cost. Dispersion-silicate plastersbased on liquid potassium glass, pigments, fillers, synthetic dispersion and, if necessary, hydropobicators are also contained. General organic substances should not exceed 5%. According to purely silicate products, they are primarily easier to use, and differ in a large number of applications. They provide diffusion of water vapor and additionally contain water-repellent additives. Therefore, very good physico-building properties demonstrate and optimally protect the painted surface from harmful moisture buildings. Good durability is based on the so-called double replacement, in which the liquid potassium glass reacts both with special fillers and with a mineral surface coated. The shortcomings of silicate plasters include the impossibility of their use on the surfaces previously painted with synthetic paints on an organic basis.

Characteries Plastekers Square

Plastekers Square

CSS Sweet Square Antique-1 Square Antique-2

0.63 mm 0.63 mm 2.5 mm

Flow consumption

1.4 kg / m2 / mm layer

6-7 kg / m² / 5 mm

20 kg bag per ~ 1.54 m² / 10 mm

7-8 kg / m² / 5 mm

25 kg Bag per ~ 1.6 m2 / 10 mm

Amount of water per 1 kg

3 hours 3 hours Minimum layer thickness 5 mm 2 mm 3 mm

15 mm on concrete, aerated concrete, reinforced concrete

25 mm brick

20 mm 20 mm Application Temperature, ° C

From +5 to +20 from +5 to +20

Various strength

M25 m10 m10 Mark for frost resistance F35 - -

Characteristic Plastekers Square

Solving Band Solver Professional Professional Profession - Light Sav

2.5 mm 0.63 mm

Flow consumption

10 kg / m² / by 10 mm layer

1.6 kg / m2 / mm)

25 kg Bag per ~ 1.5 m² at a layer of 10mm

1,6kg / m² / mm

25 kg Bag per ~ 1,5m² at a layer of 10mm

1.5 kg / m2 / mm

25 kg Bag per ~ 1.7 m² at a layer of 10 mm

Amount of water per 1 kg

15.0 -15.9 l per bag of 30 kg

3.5-4 liters per bag of 25 kg

3.5 - 4.5 liters per bag of 25 kg

4-4.5.0 l per bag of 25 kg

Fitness time solution for use

4 hours

Minimum layer thickness

6 mm 10 mm 4 mm

Maximum layer thickness with single-layer alignment

40 mm on concrete, reinforced concrete.

50 mm on brick

From 30 mm to 50 mm 50mm

10 mm to 30 mm

Application temperature, ° С

from +5 to +30

Various strength

M50 M25 M50 Frost-resistance brand - F50 F50 F50

We invite you to take advantage of the proposals from Stroydasont.ru:

Characteristics of plaster.

Application of decorative solution

Stone plasters are called morn, as the filler in them mainly serves a marble crumb. These plasters are used to decorate walls, columns, basements and other parts of buildings. They mimic the texture of natural col-nya: marble, granite, limestone, tuff. Stone plasters are the most expensive and labor-intensive in performance, but very durable.

In stone plaster solutions of tougher terrazite, apply their work-it. Typically, the solution is applied by a stone-trench in one, two or three layers, which depends on the thickness of the cover-ki - in one reception, it is impossible to apply a layer of Tol-batter.

Solutions of stone plasters, as well as terrazite, are applied to a sub-prepared surface. First, the spray is done, then after 0.5-2 hours, as soon as he thickens, the soil layers are applied to it, which align and compact. If a large amount of shells turned out to be a large amount of sinks, an embarrassment can be made from a solution with a small aggregate, which should be swore to Halfury or slightly wipe the grater.

The applied solution of stone stroke-rigs is wetted with water for 6-8 days. On the first day, wet 3-4 times, in the next - 5-6 times. Then the plaster cease to wet and give it to dry for 1-2 days. After that, it is embarked on a trial surface of the surface on a small area. If, when processing a cat, the crumb from the blow does not split, and is flushed into the thickness of the solution, then the plaster did not acquire sufficient strength and should still be kept. When the test is split, and the solution sat down, you can proceed to the processing of plaster.

Watching surfaces

Preparation of surfaces for shuttering

Types of ordinary plaster

Basic layers of plaster outtage

Materials for plastering

1. Constructive elements, types and classification of plasters

Plaster structures of buildings and structures is designed to protect against the harmful effects of atmospheric, mechanical and chemical influences, to reduce sound and thermal conductivity of structures, for decorative design of external and internal surfaces. Plaster protects the design from dampness, weathered, increases sanitary and hygienic conditions of the premises, increases fire resistance of structures. The plaster is called the layer of the solution, aligned, compacted and subsequently hardened in plastic state.

Classification of plasters.Plasters are divided into the following three directions:

by type of astringent- cement, lime, cement-lime, lime-gypsum, lime-clay;

by difficulty execution- simple (for finishing auxiliary and warehouse space), improved (for decoration of residential premises, trading halls, educational institutions) and high quality (decoration of museums, theaters, administrative and office buildings and premises);

by destination - normal, decorative and special (for additional protection against external adverse factors).

2. Materials for plaster works

To obtain high-quality plaster, which has a certain texture and properties (sound insulation, thermal insulation, moisture resistance), use various materials: binders, aggregates, water, additives.

Knitting- powdered substances, after indulgence with water, pass with time from the tough in ancient state. Binding, hardening and gaining strength only in air, is called astringent air hardening. A binding, preserving and increasing its strength in air, but even better in water or in wet conditions, is called binding hydraulic hardening.

Basic binders used for plastering works: cements (Portland cement, Pozzolan, Slagoportland cement, expanding, hydrophobic, acid-resistant, colored and other special cements), building gypsum, lime construction (overexpassed hammer, lime dough and lime hydrate), clay.

Fillers- Compound part of solutions to which sand, slag, crushed stone, other materials.

Apply sand mountain, river, marine, lake and career with grain size from 0.3 to 5 mm. Invalid content in the sand of clay particles more than 5%. The sand density is 1.5 ... 1.7 t / m 3. For plaster works, the sand is considered the sand of the acute-angular form of medium and small (but not dusty) of size. It is allowed to apply the gravel natural, unfinished, thened shape and crushed stone natural, crushed, torn acute-angled shape, with grains of 2.5 ... 20 mm. The considered fillers relate to severe with a density of more than 1000 kg / m 3.

Light aggregates for plaster solutions have a density of less than 1000 kg / m 3. Slag - pieces of ripped shape, a coal burning product. To obtain slag sand, the slag grinds on the mills and sieved. Apply such sands with a density of 0.7 ... 0.9 t / m 3 as sound and heat insulation material When plastering partitions and external facades. PEMZA - Porous volcanic breed with a density of up to 0.6 t / m 3. Charcoal Add to plaster mortar to reduce the mass of plaster.

Decorative aggregates are usedin plasterers to give them shine and more expressive external view. They are applicable when the plaster is the final layer of surface finish. Such aggregates include mica, anthracite, quartz, broken glass, stone crumb. Mica and broken glass with a size of 1 ... 6 mm are added in a small amount into solutions to impart crystalline gloss surfaces.

Stone crumb of various colors is obtained as a result of crushing marble, granite, limestone, other stone rocks. A stone crumb with grains of 0.3 ... 5 mm is added to the building solutions. When smoldering and grinding a grasp solution, the surface acquires the shine and the seeming texture of the natural material.

Additivesyou can smash the three main groups. Mineraland organic additives -ash, slags, pumice, tremble, diatomites, pozzola, burned clay. When mixed in a finely divided state with air lime and when the water is shutdown, they form the dough capable of hardening after hardening and under water.

Chemical additivespurify cement solutions water resistance and other protective properties. Such additives refers soluble (liquid) glass. It is a heavy denuing brown-yellow liquid, which is dissolved in water in proportion 1: 6. This solution is embedded by a cooked dry mixture. When solidified, liquid glass forms a waterproof and refractory film on the surface of plaster. Such a plaster solution is used to shock raw seats.

Plasticizing additives- Technical (LST) lignosulphonates (LST), soylonaf, wood pitch and a number of other supplements given in GOST24211-2003 "Additives for concrete and solutions". They increase the plasticity of solutions, workability, frost resistance, allow you to reduce cement consumption. IN cement solutions As plasticizers also use clay and lime. Apply frost resistant additives for outdoor work.

Plaster solutionsapply for the inner and exterior decoration of buildings. When solidified, solutions turn into a solid campanery mass.

Quality of solutionit implies the provision of several important characteristics. Freshly prepared solution must be conveniently posted, have good mobility, plasticity, water-holding ability, good adhesion (adhesion) to the base; The solution on the surface should hardly harden, have the right delicate, not to give a large shrinkage and not crack when drying.

Conceptuality- the ability of the solution is easy; Apply and distributed on the surface, well filling all the irregularities. Such properties are inherent in fat plastic solutions - clay, lime and mixed, and they are practically absent in rigid cement solutions.

Mobility- The ability of the solution when applied to the surface to spread over it without an application of particular power influences.

Plastic - The properties of the solution to receive and save the shape given to it using the working tool.

Water-holding ability - The ability of a solution applied to the porous base slowly to give him its moisture.

To obtain solutions of good quality, it is necessary to correctly calculate its composition. Liquid solutions are used to apply ridge, semi-liquid - for crossbar, semi-pile - for soil. For thick plastering values \u200b\u200bperformed on the grid, thick mortar mixtures are used. With an increase in the binding solution, its plasticity and hardness increases, with the addition of water there is a transition from dense solutions to liquid.

Solutions are used simple (clay, lime and cement) and mixed.

Cleanium Used for dry interior. The lack of solution is a small strength, easily blurred by water. It is advisable from above to arrange a coating of a limestone or lime-gypsum solution. IN last years Simple clay solutions are practically not used.

The composition of the clay solution for fatty clay is 1 h. Clay accounts for 4 ... 5 masses. h. sand; For medium clay - respectively, 3 ... 4 h. Sand, for skinny clay, the ratio decreases - for 1 hour. clays account for 2 ... 3 h. Sand. With oily clay, it is desirable to use mixed solutions, for example, for 1 hour, clay takes 0.3 h. Lime and 5 h. Sand; When using cement - by 1 h. clay: 0.15 h. cement: 4 h. Sand.

Mortar Used to shock internal and external surfaces on brick, concrete and wood. The most durable serves stucco in dry rooms. Main compositions (limestone dough and sand) - from 1: 1 to 1: 4. Solutions with excess lime are cracking, and with excess sand are not cracking, but have reduced strength. Simple lime solutions are manufactured with strength characteristics by brands from 4 to 10.

Cement mortar Consists of cement, sand and water. It is used for surfaces subject to moisture. Possible proportion of compositions from 1: 1 to 1: 6, the most plastic and frequently used composition of the solution 1: 3. Portland cement is mainly used for the preparation of plaster, to perform waterproof plaster - Pozzolan cement, less often cements based on polymers.

Solid solutions - Lime-gypsum, cement-limestone. The lime-gypsum solution is applicable for internal works, for 1 hour. Gypsum takes 3 hours. Lime.

Cement-lime solutionin which limestone dough is used for greater plasticity. In the composition of the solution, the components can be changed along a large limit of 1: 1: 6 to 1: 3: 15.

Solutions on the oversized hammerIn which 1 hour lime accounted for 0.5 hours. cement and 4 hours of sand, before applying to the surface, pre-kept for 30 ... 40 min.

The type of plaster mortar used depends on the purpose of the room and the material of the surface of the surface. Concrete surfaces are placed by complex solutions from cement, lime and sand of an exemplary composition of 1: 1: 8, mobility of a solution with a draft standard cone 7 ... 9 cm. Brick surfaces are plastered by lime-sand solutions 1: 3 and mobility 9 ... 12 See When plastering wooden and dry-concrete surfaces, lime-gypsum solutions are used, for plastering surfaces of rooms with high humidity (basements, bathrooms, bathrooms), cement-sand solutions of increased grades with hydraulic additives are used.

All types of solutions, their compositions and properties, appointment and features of the application are shown in GOST 28013-98 Construction solutions. General specifications and GOST 5802-86 (from Popp. 1989) Construction solutions. Test methods

Find a wide use of dry mixtures that are supplied to a moisture-proof packaging, which is applied on the mixture, its name and brand, the strength characteristics of the finished product, the recipe and the preparation instructions, the production date and the shelf life before implementation.

Plastering dry mixesmade on the basis of cement, lime, gypsum or mixtures thereof. The size of the aggregate can vary in the range from 0.5 to 1.2 mm. M25 ... M450 solving stamp. The mixtures are designed for plastering and finishing of the outer and internal surfaces of the walls. Prepared universal mixtures that are used for concrete, brick, foam concrete and other surfaces. There are many variants of mixtures for specific applications.

Decorative Dry Mixed Mixesapply for final finishing of various surfaces. Dry mixtures are used in deploying stools of structures to obtain high strength in short time. Found application aligning mixesif it is necessary to obtain a smooth vertical surface for painting or gluing wallpaper, while mixtures can be universal, or only suitable for dry and wet rooms.

Self-leveling mixtures for floorsallow to align and strengthen the base. They can be used for the floor screed device, under the laying of the floor from ceramic and concrete tiles, carpets, parquet. There are versions of dry mixes for the wear-resistant coatings. In mixtures on synthetic resins and when applied with solutions using mortar pumps, significant areas of seamless bulk coatings can be obtained. This technology is widely used when plastered walls.

Thermal insulation dry mixesapply to improve heat and sound insulation. The aggregate uses perlite, clay sands, other types of light aggregates. Such mixtures are suitable for external and internal work, the density of such mixtures is 400 ... 650 kg / m 3.

Waterproofing mixesfor the insulation of underground parts of buildings, basements and basement floors prepared on special and expanding cement, the composition includes hydrophobic additives and microfilters.

Dry mixes for repair and restoration of surfaces- these are high-adhesive solutions on cement-sand-based or modified mixtures. For the repair of wet surfaces and in the presence of heights, special compositions are used. Depending on the state of the strengthened surface, it is possible to use successively three solutions and layers: waterproofing, coating and finishing on fine chalk, gypsum mixtures or using white or colored cement.

3. Basic layers of plaster outtage

Plastering usually consists of three layers - spray, soil and corrupt. This is due to the fact that the application of a plaster mortar is not allowed immediately to the entire thickness of the layer, since the plastic solution will flush from the surface without setting up with it.

Spray- the first (lower), applied directly to the plastered surface, a layer of the most plastic solution with a precipitate of standard cone 8 ... 14 cm with a mechanized application and 11 ... 12 cm - when applied manually (water content up to 60% of the binding volume ). The thickness of the spray layer on the stone and concrete walls takes 4 ... 5 mm, on wooden surfaces - 7 ... 9 mm. Before applying the spray, stone and concrete surfaces are wetted with water. The spray is usually not smoothed and leave the surface rough, its main purpose is tightly grapped with the plastering plane due to the filling of all its irregularities, pores, emptiness and be able to perceive and carry a load from the subsequent layers of plaster. If you compare the assignment of the spray with other finishing processes, it plays the role of soil for subsequent finishing layers.

Priming- the second layer of the outcome designed to align the plastering surface, creating the main thickness of the plaster outtage; Soil is applied usually in several layers after the start of hardening the solution in the spray layer. The solution is used with a precipitating cone 7 ... 8 cm (water content 30 ... 40% of the volume of the binder), each subsequent layer of soil is applied after grapping and whitening the previous one; The thickness of the layer should not exceed 5 mm at cement solutions and 7 mm - with limescale.

Cover- the third, finishing layer of plaster, applied in one reception with a thickness of no more than 2 mm; The purpose of the layer is to prepare the surface of the surface under the color, giving the plaster with a smooth and smooth surface. The solution for this layer is prepared on fine sand with a sediment cone 9 ... 12 cm and water content within 50% of the volume of the binder. The crossbar is applied after hardening the soil to the state, when a slight pressure leaves a dent.

The total thickness of the plaster must be within: simple - 12 mm, improved - 15 mm and high quality - 20 mm.

4. Types of ordinary plaster

According to the accuracy and quality of the execution of the plaster, it is divided into three types: simple (under falcon), improved (a rule) and high-quality (by lighthouses). For the production of plaster works, a manual instrument is used in fig. 9.1.

Simple plasterit consists of a spray and 1 ... 2 layers of soil, there is no corrupt layer. Application and leveling of the solution manually produce with plastering blades and falcon. For the leveling and grouting of the solution, graters, halfrs, rules of various lengths are used. Smoothing and grouting receive a relatively flat and smooth surface. Apply a simple plaster when finishing the utility rooms, basements, warehouses. The overall thickness of simple plaster does not exceed 12 mm, when overlapping on the surface of the measuring line is allowed to have at a length of 2 m no more than two gaps up to 5 mm each.

Improved plasterperform with applying a spray layer, one or more layers of soil with a resurrection and a stacked layer with a grout. Alignment of the surface is performed by more qualitatively rule or with the help of Hacker. The total thickness of the improved plaster up to 15 mm is permissible on the wall of the wall in 2 m to have no more than two gaps up to z mm.

High-quality plasterperforming necessarily under beacons, its composition includes applying one layer of spray, one or more of the layers of soil with a resurrection, as well as the corrupt layer with a resurrection and grout. The alignment of the soil is carried out by the Rule of Lighthouses, the grout of the corrupt layer is performed by a wooden or felt grater. The average total thickness of high-quality plaster can reach 20 mm, at a length of 2 m you can have no more than two gaps up to 2 mm. Surface grout is carried out only with a lime-sand or cement-sandy solution.

5. Preparing surfaces for plastering

One of the main requirements for the applied plastering is its durable grip with the main surface (from wooden products, stone, metal, concrete, etc.). The complex plastering process consists of a number of sequentially performed simple operations:

preparation of surfaces for plastering (notch, upholstery with a grid or dunning);

Washing and installing beacons;

Applying plastering solution (spray and soil);

Leveling of layers outlines;

Pulling the thrust and cutting of angles and slopes;

Application of the corrupt layer and grouting surfaces.

The base under the stucco should be firmly curved with a plaster solution. Surfaces to be plastered are purified from dust, dirt, fat and bitumen spots. Insufficient rough surfaces are treated with a notch or sandblasting machine. Distinctive features of surface preparation for plastering depending on the design material are as follows.

Concrete surfaces: the liny of the influx, protruding reinforcement, sealing the shells and holes. Cleaning surfaces with steel brushes and a notch - application on the surface of the strokes, recesses depth 3 ... 5 mm 1000 ... 1200 pcs. A1 m 2 With the help of scarpels, ingestion, ax, electric brush, jackhammer, sandblasting machine. In some cases, the surface is tightened with a metal grid. Preparations are completed by wetting the surface with water.

Brick surfaces: for the walls laid out inlet - cleaning with brushes, the lunar of the protruding places, notch. If the masonry is flush, then additionally cut down the seams to a depth of at least 1 cm. Additionally, it is necessary to clean the surface of the walls with steel brushes or sandblasting machine, grouting machines, old brick masonry Besides this. For better clutch with plaster of slag concrete surfaces, holes in them are drilled in which plugs are installed, robbed nails and arrange wire braid.

Metal surfaces- Cleaning from rust and welding metal mesh. Separate rods are pre-welded to metal structures, a large metal mesh for fastening a thin metal mesh, the attachment of which to this frame is appropriate to perform on twists.

Wooden surfaces - stuffing the drady, more often this process is performed using the insulating rolled materials - the thickness or pergamine. To reduce sound and thermal conductivity, wooden surfaces are closed with rogenely, felt and other materials.

The lower row lower row (uneven, thin, curved) 15 ... 20 mm wide and no thinner 3 mm. It is naked to the wall at an angle of 45 ° to the surface of the floor with a distance between dranks 4 ... 5 cm. Basic or top row - output gauge, smooth, smooth the same width and thickness 4 ... 5 mm. The extension of the danis among themselves is carried out with a gap 2 ... 3 mm. Currently, instead of individual drancials, the surface of wooden structures before plastering is carried by ready-made dranched shields. The maximum thickness of the plastered vertical surfaces 4 ... 5 cm, and horizontal and inclined ... 6 cm. If necessary, have a greater thickness of the plaster coating instead of drancials apply a thickness of 5 ... 7 mm. You can fill nails on the wall, placing them in a checker order up to 10 cm one from the other, it is even better to nourish the metal grid.

The protruding architectural details, the pairing places of the wooden parts of the building with stone, concrete and metal structures, as well as other surfaces, if necessary, applying plaster on them with a layer of more than 20 mm coated with a metal grid "Rabitz" with cells of 10x10 mm. The joints of the heterogeneous structures should be tightened to tighten the metal mesh so that cracks appear on the plaster, since the plastering solution dries on different times on the heterogeneous surfaces.

Stepping and installation of brands.In order for the appliant plaster is strictly vertical or horizontal, the surface is pre-dried and aligned by brands and beacons.

The thickness of the plastering is planned by driving the surface. First, the walls and ceilings on the cords are tightened, pulling them every 1.5 m. Then, according to the angles of the weed surface, the brands are installed - the supporting sites from small pelpets of the gypsum solution, the top surface of which determines the provisional line. Previously, in the process of heating the wall, if there is such an opportunity, clogged at the corners and in the center of nails in such a way as to be at the level of the top of the thickness of the plaster out. According to the Hats of the nails, you will not definitely definitely install, therefore it is arranged gypsum grades of 5x5 cm.

Installing beacons.Lighthouses are usually installed to perform high-quality plaster. Lighthouses are made of lime solutions, gypsum and inventory. Upon finished brands apply a wooden rail (rule) under which a gypsum solution is bought. After setting the rack's solution, they are removed, and the gypsum bands obtained under them serve as beacons that determine the escaped surface.

Inventory metal lighthouses are arranged from the corner steel, and
Wooden - from timber. The mounting of metal beacons is carried out with the help of pins, clogged into the wall, and wooden - with nails.