What brand of concrete tape foundation. To record the selection of concrete brand for the foundation. Main characteristics: class and brand

What brand of concrete tape foundation. To record the selection of concrete brand for the foundation. Main characteristics: class and brand
What brand of concrete tape foundation. To record the selection of concrete brand for the foundation. Main characteristics: class and brand
30.06.2018

Any building, including its own house, rests on the foundation. Species of the power support construction and materials from which it is produced, there is quite a lot. One of them is a concrete foundation.

Types of foundations

  1. Columnar.It is separate pillars made of bricks, concrete blocks.
  2. Pile. Made from submerged pillar, which is a wooden log, steel pipe, concrete pile.
  3. Monolithic.It is made by filling the surface with concrete to obtain a solid plate of a certain thickness with reinforcing reinforcement.
  4. . To create such a foundation apply wooden bars Or brica, metal chapellery or concrete beams. The power support elements are located horizontally in trenches or at the ground level and are bandaged through wedges, welding or fill with concrete locations of beams.

For the foundation of the private house, the most applicable columnar or in combination with a tape type. The latter can be applied independently as a separate design.

Work can be even easier if the ceramics is applied to the surface of ceramics with liquid wax, vaseline or sticky tape with low sticking. This procedure will facilitate removal of residues. cement mortarBut it is important that wax or vaseline will not fall into the joints.

How to clean, after laying and daily enamelled ceramic coatings and porcelain enamelled and natural? Leave up to about 10 minutes, then the liquid soap is applied and is wiping into a soft sponge or brush that does not hurt the coating. Then rinse with water.

Requirements for foundation

  • taking the entire static load from the foundation performed on the foundation construction facilitylocated in it equipment, furniture, people;
  • load pavement across the soil base;
  • protection against groundwater impact, negative temperatures;
  • ensuring a sustainable reliable position of the building and other functions.

Of all the materials used for the manufacture of the supporting part of the house, the most durable and at the same time available will be concrete.

Heavy cleaning, postal work or staining in general. Leave for 10 minutes, and then apply a liquid soap, wiped with a soft sponge or brush that does not hurt the coating. Never use acids when cleaning coatings. How to act before the settlement?

Before installing, make sure that the reference, size, shade and product quality coincide in all boxes and correspond to the value specified in the purchase document. Some references deliberately represent the differences in the tonality between parts. This option is an aesthetic element that gives the product a large artistic value. You must install the panel with parts of some boxes to identify any visible defect.

Benefits of concrete

  • high strength from static compressive loads - up to 400 ... 500kgs / cm²;
  • good resistance from moisture effects;
  • inertia with respect to most chemical and organic solvents;
  • a significant service life exceeding 100 years;
  • temperature working range of application is -60 ° ... + 500 ° C;
  • technological properties - simplicity of preparation of concrete mix and its laying.

The importance of the right choice of brand of concrete

Concrete in the frozen state is a stone-like mass of gray. It has defined properties and characteristics that depend on the composition of concrete.

Short Sticking Guide outdoor coatings and tiles. Laying floors and tiles requires some caution and nothing better than the presence of a qualified workforce to leave your project as you always dreamed. But if the money is short or you know someone who has a little more knowledge on this issue, you can check our brief guide to lay tiles and put your hand in the dough! Before you start the first step - read the packaging of your coating. It contains very important recommendations, such as.

What concrete is needed for foundation

Section "Questions and Answers" will help you find useful information. If you have not found the information you are interested in, feel free to contact us. You can repair or maintain the entrance to the asphalt in four simple steps. Read our additional information.

Composition composition:

  1. Cement - It is a bonding substance. Makes several types:
    • portland cement, the composition includes an alite - a chemical substance based on calcium compounds; The most used B. construction workoh;
    • alumina cement, chemical compounds based on aluminum, calcium and silicon oxides; has a greater frost rate;
    • magnesian cement, its composition prevails chemicals based on magnesium, - magnesitis; One of the applications has found in medicine, - as a seal for teeth.

    Denoted by letters and numbers, for example, PC-400 D20 - Portland cement with compressive strength 400kgs / cm² with mineral additives In the amount of 20% of the volume of fillers.

    To do conscious choice, combining performance and durability, it is important to know the elements that should be considered. The underground membrane must be vapor barrier, since the floor materials react to moisture. To maintain sound performance, the base membrane must be elastic, i.e. It should remain stable without saving over time.

    How long does the asphalt protector last?

    In addition to these two essential elements, it is necessary to consider and compare several other criteria for have a good choice Product. In both cases, the higher the number, the better the reduction of noise. Asphalt protection can last from 1 year to 7 years, depending on the product used. It provides protection against cracking and wear caused by wear, frost, oil, spills, salt, sun and rain. 1 year: 2 years: 4 years: 5 years: 7 years.

  2. Mineral Fillers- Crushed stone. Are natural I. artificial material. There are several types:
    • granitis- produced from granite on crushing stations;
    • gravine- represents returned river or sea water Natural stones;
    • lime- produced from limestone - natural mining and sediment;
    • secondary, is a product of recycling residues of brick and concrete buildings;
    • slagFor its production, remnants of metallurgical waste are used.

    It is characterized by strength, fractionality, moisture resistance, has different density.

    What are the indices of acoustic characteristics?

    In order to close as much as possible to reality, we can test the acoustic characteristics in the field. However, they are closer to reality.

    What products can be used to repair cracks on asphalt

    It all depends on the size of the crack.

    All you need to do is choose one. For a medium-sized crack, it allows you to seal the cracks and joints of the medium size, as well as adjust small recesses on asphalt surfaces. For a crack size of more than 1, 5 cm is offered one or both of the product.

  3. Quartz sand.For the production of concrete mixtures, a washing river or career sand with a fraction 2 ... 5cm is used. The inclusions of garbage and clay components are not allowed.
  4. Plasticizers Various additives that give concrete mixtures additional properties and expanding their functions.

Types of concrete

By the weight ratio of cement, concrete mixes are classified:

  • skinny or poor composition - the mass fraction of cement does not exceed 15%;
  • medium or commodity concrete - the share of cement is determined by the 1: 3 ... 1: 4 ratio;
  • fat or rich composition - the share of cement is equal to or exceeds the 1: 2 ratio.

In accordance with the volume mass of the concrete, it is divided:

What products are used to provide tightness for construction and repair work?

It provides protection against cracking and wear caused by wear, frost, oil, spills, salt, sun and rain. The construction of the sidewalk, access road, patio or stairs is an interesting design of landscaping. There is a lot of similarities between the construction methods of sidewalks, driveways, patio and stairs. Local regulations may regulate such structures; This is what you need to check either in the local construction code or in the construction permit department in your municipality.

  • especially light and light composition - the density of the mixture is less than 500kg / m³ and 500 ... 1800kg / m³, respectively;
  • lightweight mixture, 1800 ... 2200kg / m³;
  • heavy concrete, 2200 ... 2500kg / m³;
  • especially heavy mixture, density over 2500kg / m³.


Brand concrete

Marking is applied to the designation in accordance with technical documentation SNiP (sanitary standards and rules), GOST (State Standard):

The sidewalks, driveways, patio and stairs require concrete of the same quality, and on all surfaces the same finishing textures are usually used. Sidewalks, driveways and concrete patios should be tested for cracking of well-planned joints.

FIG. 1 shows the location of various types of compounds that allow you to obtain surfaces without cracks and appearance. Figures 2, 3 and 4 are given details of these compounds. Shuffling connections are used to control cracking. With plastic tools for grooves, the stove is cut into a quarter of its depth. If you need to make seams in the tempered concrete, it will be done by sawing. There remains insulating seams between two different structures, while the construction seam remains in those places where the placement of concrete is interrupted; If these seals of the anti-adhesive agent, such as oil, are covered, they will act as shrinkage compounds.

  • "B" - the class of compression strength, is characterized by the axial load, which is experiencing concrete to compress;
  • "M" - brand of concrete, shows the load at which the entire destruction of the concrete product occurs.

The strength class "B" and the brand of concrete "M" are interrelated.

For example:

  • class B5 corresponds to the M75 brand;
  • B10 - M150;
  • B15 - M200;
  • B20 - M250 and so on.

The class of strength B20 characterizes that the test sample with dimensions of 150 x 150 x 150 mm is subjected to without destruction of the load of 20MP. The most used concrete M50 ... M200 in simple designs, or by class of strength B3.5 ... B15.

The ratio of components in concrete solution

The width of the sidewalk depends on its location and use and therefore should be determined depending on the preference of each person, such as development, attendance, local rules or credit institution. Special attention should be paid to the choice of the width of the sidewalk, since there is a thin connection between its width and its utility, as well as appearance layout.

The sidewalks usually have a thickness of 100 mm, but it will be necessary to make them thicker if trucks often intersect them. Panels formed by control hinges must have a square shape. The panel with a length of length to width exceeding 1½ inches in 1 is subjected to cracking. Insulating compounds should be provided, where the sidewalk is in contact with the house, the porch, the access road, borders, stairs, or other facilities. There is no need to build insulating seams at an equal period of time on the direct sidewalk.

Concrete properties are based on its components, technological conditions for the preparation of concrete mixture, exposure time. Almost complete strength - up to 98% concrete will acquire 28 days after 28 days.

Applications of concrete

Concretes related to the groups "especially light", "lungs" and "lightweight" have good heat and sound insulation properties, which is due to the introduction of lungs, which have low density, fillers, - ceramisite, vermiculite, porous slag and others. But they have reduced strength compared to another group of concrete.

The shape of the courtyard may vary depending on the taste and imagination of each: square, diamond, rectangular, round or other. Its length can be used to highlight bushes, alive hedges or other elements of the landscape, which are already installed. There is a rule that offers to make a patio more than the largest room in the house. The patio tile must have a minimum thickness of 100 mm, and shrinking seams must be made every 3 m in both directions.

The influence of the state of the soil on the choice of brand of concrete mix

If the staircase is used simply to cross the bank in the yard, it does not need any special foundation. However, if the staircase leads to the door of the house or connected to the porch with the foundation, it is necessary to press on the concrete foundations of sufficient depth to avoid frost.

The most common is a group of heavy mixes. It combines strength, moisture resistance and other properties required for construction work, including to fulfill the foundations for a private house.

What brand of concrete to choose for the foundation

Criterias of choice

In order not to be mistaken with the brand and type of concrete it is necessary to take into account a number of factors:

Preparation and alignment of the seat

Staircase in fig. 9 has side walls. First delete enough soil to top part The stoves were slightly higher than the adjacent land. Any upper layer of soil, vegetation, wood, large stones and any material that is loose or difficult to be sealing should be removed. Failure to suitable material providing uniform accommodation.

The use of concrete of different brands, depending on the projected load on the foundation

Then the soil is aligned and compacted with a lady or heavy roller until a homogeneous density is obtained. These requirements are obviously more important for the access road than for a sidewalk or courtyard. The use of granular refundable materials, such as sand, gravel or crushed stone, will contribute to accurate alignment. If you build on clay, the bed must be impregnated a few days before the concrete room.

  1. Climatic conditions of terrain - A dry dry area or the presence of permanent marginal moisture, the average annual soil temperatures above or below 0 ° C, determine the brand of concrete, which, in turn, is determined by the cement brand and mineral additives.
  2. The composition of the soil, - swampy terrain or with a high level of groundwater, the historical pebble composition of the soil or loam. Determines its strength and.
    3. The main load per capita part of the building. Through it is made by force.

The dependence of the brand of concrete from the type of foundation

The above foundations can be consecrated into two groups:

Side formwork is often built on 38 mm x 89 mm slices. Place them in accordance with the selected shape and tightly nurt them to the stakes, well immersed in the ground. These shares should not be located at a distance of more than 1, 2 m from each other, and for each joint should be alone to ensure proper alignment of the formwork.

Figure 10. Thick pieces of wood can be bent, sawing them half or two thirds of their thickness. On curves, the bets should be closer to maintaining the form and level of formwork. In vertical curves, when the inlet of the garage changes the tilt, short pieces of 38 mm x 89 mm are used for the manufacture of formwork. The rope attached to temporary rates is used to draw the shape of the curve, and then the formwork is installed along this line, trying to get the most gradual change in tilt.

  • foundation with the redistribution of static load on the underlying support - ground;
  • the foundation with suspended parts of the structure, which have no additional support points, and distributing the load on separate support parts - on piles or pillars.

From this information, we can conclude that the foundations from the first group are found in less loading conditions. Constructions from the second group are under a stronger load at the same weight of the building. Consequently, the concrete should be stronger, the brand is higher.

Structural seams are used when the placement of concrete is interrupted. The constructive compound shown in FIG. 3, equipped with an anti-binding agent and will act as a shrinkage compaction and therefore should be located in the same place as a shrinking seal.

After installing the formwork, it is checked that they can get the desired concrete thickness. A template will be used to slide to the top of the formwork to align the planting material and ensure that the concrete has a uniform thickness.

In order to prepare a mixture, you need

Therefore, it is important to specify the correct amount of captured air, cement and water for concrete used in the open air. Do not order more concrete than you can accommodate and finish in three hours. You will need help at least one other person. To specify large plates, it would be better if you had the help of two other people. If you do not have experience in placing concrete, do not order more than 2, 5 m 3 concrete at a time.

If the first group can be used by the use of a M200 concrete mix, with the use of cement M400, then the second group of foundations on the same binder brand will require concrete M300. In practice, this means the ratio "Cement - Mineral Fillers" 1: 4 or 1: 3.5, respectively. Moreover, the reinforcement of the foundation in both cases is necessary.

Council. To reduce reinforcement costs instead of steel rods, fiberglass fittings can be applied, - savings can reach 20 ... 40%.


Requirements for the Filling of the foundation

Efforts on the proper selection of brand of concrete can be reduced to no errors in the preparation and fill of concrete:

  1. Insufficient mixing time, the composition of the concrete mixture will be heterogeneous, with a violation of the strength after grasping. Most often it happens when manual kneading. To avoid such an error, it is advisable to order concrete of factory manufacture or preparation of a concrete mix in the concrete mixer.
  2. Hard, with high viscosity, the solution can cause in places the incomplete filling of the volume of the foundation, which leads to a violation of the working capacity of the structure as a whole. Conclusion: Before laying concrete, it is necessary to check its viscosity properties.
  3. Insufficient sealing of the mixture leads to the formation of voids inside the foundation. There is a place to be with an insufficient manual effect on the mixture with a shovel or a metal rod. Exit - Apply the deep building vibrator.
  4. Breaks in the time of laying the foundation lead to the formation of a weak melancholy between the previously laid concrete and subsequent batch. To avoid this laying concrete mix Required for one reception. Breaks should not reach more than 2 ... 3 hours.


Concrete prices, depending on the brand

The price of the concrete is influenced by the cost of components, - especially for cement. The most expensive is pure cement, without additives. Next, portland cement, slag cement.

The difference in the cost between granite rubble And secondary can reach 3 ... 4 times.

With the same applied binding and fillers, the price of concrete brand is:

The data are given for the Ural region for the winter period. For example, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Moscow region, prices are above 20 ... 30%.

Any building will serve for a long time if the builders laid a qualitative basis -. And his strength, in turn, is directly dependent on the properties of the used building materials.

Most individual buildings are erected on monolithic structures.

In private construction, several types of foundations are used:

  • - for brick and block single-two-storey houses;
  • - for houses of frame type and wooden;
  • - For the construction of massive buildings and other buildings, built on weak soils.

Since two factors are influenced by the choice of the foundation type - the mass of the above-ground part and the state of the soil, it can be said that they are determining when the brand of concrete is selected.

In general, it can be guided by the following rule: a concrete brand for the foundation of the house designed in the form of a monolithic tape is taken lower than on the pile.

The influence of the state of the soil on the choice of brand of concrete mix

Without having a conclusion about the characteristics of the soil at the construction site, it is impossible to correctly determine which concrete is needed for the foundation of the house ().

If you only focus on the weight of the aboveground part of the building, you can draw the following conclusion:

  • M150 is a completely appropriate brand of concrete for the foundation of the house of foam concrete (single-storey);
  • M200 - withstand one-two-storey () building with light floors;
  • M300 and M250 - Capable to carry large load from multi-storey cottages;
  • M350 and above - reasonably apply only during the construction of high-rise buildings.

However, all these statements are valid only when the house is built on a rocky or sandy soil. If the developer faces clays or sublinks, the situation changes dramatically.

What brand concrete for the foundation of the house to apply so that it does not squeeze it up? Monolithic tape for light frame house We will have to erect from the mixture M250. And if the walls are planned to be made brick, then the concrete must be chosen at least M300.

Great influence on the durability of the underground part of the building are groundwater. With their high level, it is desirable to apply high grades with good waterproof concrete.

How to calculate the volume of concrete mix

The brands of concrete under the foundation of the house do not affect its consumption. The amount of the mixture is calculated, based on the geometric dimensions of the structure.

There are several simple formulas with which you can easily calculate how much finished concrete will be needed for fill.

Ribbon foundation

Calculation of the needs of concrete in this case is reduced to counting the volume of the tape ().

Denote the foundation parameter as follows:

  • a - building length;
  • b - the width of the building internal perimeter;
  • d - the width of the tape;
  • h is the height of the tape.

So, the volume of monolith V \u003d 2D x H (a + b)

In the presence of inner bearing walls, the volume of these areas of the foundation is also calculated in the same way. The results are summed up.

Slab

The volume of the monolithic plate is calculated by multiplying three quantities:

  • length;
  • widths;
  • heights.

Columnar

The volume of the round column can be calculated by the formula:

V \u003d (3.14d 2/4) x H, where

D - the diameter of the pillar;

H is his height.

The volume of rectangular or square supports is defined as follows:

V \u003d a x b x h where

a - width of the cross section of the support;

b - the length of the section;

H is the pillar height.

In all cases, the resulting volume should be increased by 10% (that is, multiplying the coefficient of 1,1). So you are insurfrant of yourself in case of unforeseen circumstances.

How to cook concrete of the desired brand

Private developers do not always buy prepared mixtures of factory production. It is more convenient for them to prepare concrete directly at the construction site: it is cheaper and more corresponds to the pace of individual construction ().

So, you decided on the brand of concrete under the foundation of the house. Now you need to choose the desired proportions of the components of the concrete mix. All concrete, regardless of the brand, are prepared on the basis of cement brands M400 or M500.

For example, consider the preparation of concrete M250.

If you decide to use cement M400, then the proportions of the mixture will be as follows:

  • cement - 1 kg;
  • sand - 2.1 kg;
  • crushed stone - 3.9 kg;
  • water - 0.56 kg.

The total yield of one serving of concrete will be 7.56 kg.

It is worth replacing the cement M400 on the M500, and the proportions will change:

  • sand will need more - 2.6 kg;
  • the amount of rubble will increase - up to 4.5 kg;
  • more will have to pour and water - 0.64 kg.

At the exit you will receive 8.74 kg of concrete mix. The difference in the price of the cement of the above brands is small - it is 10-20 rubles in a fifty-thousand bag. Do not be lazy, calculate the cost of raw materials in the other case. So you will understand what option will cost cheaper.

But before you need to calculate how the amount of source materials you need. It is done simply: the volume of the foundation is multiplied by specific gravity Concrete, and the result obtained is divided into the total mass of one portion of the mixture. Now you will learn to multiply the amount of each component on the resulting number of servings.

The density of concrete mixes is different. If you need for the calculations for the foundation of the one-storey house, the brand of concrete M250, its density is 2348 kg / cube. m. And the cubic meter M350 weighs 2502 kg.

Although builders often operate with averaged concrete density equal to 2400 kg / cube. m.


The results of all calculations are rounded into the biggest. In this way, the magnitude of the concrete shrinkage is compensated for - independently calculate it unreal. When buying a finished concrete, you can use the shrinkage coefficient specified by the manufacturer.

Pay attention to water quality. In the liquid there should be no oil or biological impurities. So the standing swamp as a water source for the preparation of concrete is not suitable. It is best for the knead to use conventional drinking water.

How to determine the brand of concrete without the help of the laboratory

How to check which brand of concrete for the foundation of a private house did you get? To check the quality of the concrete mix, there is a special device - sclerometer.

But you are unlikely to bring it back to buy it, as it is 11-35 thousand rubles. You can make samples and send them to the laboratory, but this pleasure also has a feeling of pocket.

It remains to use home methods. To begin with, look at the concrete mix. The higher its quality, the blue shade. If there is a yellowish tint in cement milk, it can be concluded that in concrete contains clay impurities or slagodes. The thick milk, the higher the brand of concrete.

Now try to explore the pre-manufactured concrete cube. Prepare a hammer weighing 400-800 g and chisel. Cut the chisel to the surface of the cube and hit the hammer over it. The impact force must be medium.

If you managed to drive the edge of the chisel to a depth of 1 cm and more - you received the concrete M 75, by 0.5 cm - M150. A small dent says that concrete brand for the foundation wooden house It is quite suitable - it is within M200-250. If only a small note remained after hitting - you managed to prepare a high-quality brand M350 concrete.

Conclusion

Worth the question of which concrete is needed for the foundation of a one-story house, a private developer must have accurate information about the soils on its site, the total weight of the construction, snow and wind loads in this climatic belt.

But in any case, experts advise adhere to the golden middle: not to use high brands and low brands (above M350) and low (below M200). The first is because there will be unnecessarily high costs for the construction of the foundation, the second - based on reasons of the reliability and durability of the construction.

Concretes of brands below M200 can be used only for the construction of inappropriate structures - fences, sites for the installation of household equipment, arbors or small cells.

Video about what concrete is needed for the foundation.