Check the quality of plaster works SNIP. Proper plaster of walls: all the nuances gradually. Wall Plastering Technology: The most common ways
This quality control does not apply to your theme of having, think about which defects may occur when having crashes?
Plaster defects are in the form of dutch, cracks, otloup, etc. and occur for various reasons. To get high-quality plaster, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate these defects.
Duty - The appearance of swollen places on the surface of plaster. In the center of each swollen place there is a white, or yellow point, or a yellow spot.
Albert Van Weik has more than 38 years of construction in the field of construction and put everything he learned, in a brief, convenient reference book called "dominant owner." Anchors should be evenly distributed, where farms or beams will rely on the walls.
Wooden doors and window frames
Double thread 4 mm galvanized steel wire, built-in at least 500 mm below the wall plate. The sliding door consists of a fixed panel and a sliding panel. Make sure it is correctly installed, with a pull-out panel outside. When looking out outside the slider should be in front, or water seeps into the room.
The blink is formed because the solution is cooked on unbeatable lime, in which individual small particles are not redeemed. Once in the plaster, they begin to quit after a while. At the same time, the quenching continues for years. So that the fishes were not, fresh or a little weathered limestone dough used to prepare the solution, it is necessary to strain through a sieve with a cross section of no more than 1.5x1.5 mm.
At the bottom of the frame should be slits for draining water that fall on exterior panels. Contact wooden frames before they are installed, making sure that they are also processed outside, where they are against bricks. Apply one layer of pink woody soil if they need to be drawn, or use a good oil based product if they should look natural.
Wrong practice is to draw outdoor wooden doors and window frames. Natural wood "live", it expands and shrinks due to moisture in the air, and the sun dries. Water can fall into the paint trap, which will lead to excessive chopping of wood, and ultimately it will become rotten.
Yellow spotsin swollen places, it is formed because in a solution together with sand, small dry lumps of clay were flooded. Sand used for the preparation of the solution, it is necessary to rinse well or sift through the frequent sieve.
Shrinking cracks - Many large and small cracks appearing on the surface of plaster. Cracks are formed because they use either fatty or poorly mixed solutions in which there are many binders or many aggregates.
During construction, door frames must be protected from damage to workers and their tools, because it is difficult to restore the corners of the framework. Albert says: "Nail polish on wooden door boxes to protect it from a wheelbarrow." Frames can be anodized or covered powder coating. The average anodized thickness is 15 μm. This thickness is suitable for rural areas where there are no industrial contaminants.
Design, installation and fill of concrete carries an engineer, which after completion will give you a certificate. Make sure the engineer was in place to make an inspection and signed it "sitting at his desk." It consists of pre-tense ribs and hollow blocks with concrete top.
Outup and swelling Plasters occurs because plastering was carried out on raw surfaces or because after plastering, they were subjected to constant moistening. Most often it happens on limestone and lime-gypsum plaster.
In order for no excuses and swelling plaster, you need raw places to dry well and only after that "proceed to shuttering.
Before assembling the concrete, you must inspect the block and the jumper system. This unit and jumper are ready to take a concrete from above. If this is generally possible, try to attend while the engineer conducts an inspection before concrete poured. Demonstrate your knowledge and look at the following.
There should be no loose items or dirt between blocks or between steel reinforcement, where concrete will be poured. Make sure that the small space is about 50 mm between the ends of the jumpers and the outer brick section is clean. Pre-stressed hollow concrete slabs are made of different lengths and thicknesses and are installed with a tap on the building.
Cells in the form of cells They are formed on wooden and on brick surfaces: on wooden through cells stuffed drancials, and on brick-on the seams of masonry. On wooden surfaces, this occurs because it is too thin layer of solution or stuff a very wide guard, which is brewed under the layer of plaster and tear it, forming cracks. On brick walls, the cracks are formed because very thin layers of the plaster mortar are applied.
Check the quality of plastering works
Portland cement is the usual type of cement for general use. There are 5 different types of portland cement. Type, as well as other information printed on each bag. Another type of cement is "brick cement", a mixture of portland cement, crushed limestone or hydrated lime.
The plastering mixture with the pantry cement will have lower strength than those made with portland cement in the same ratio. This is a mixture of cement, river sand and stone. Mixed proportions will determine concrete strength. Make sure too much water is added because it will reduce strength.
To crack the cracks are not formed, it is necessary to apply a larger not wider than 2 cm, and the thickness of the plaster layer must be: on brick surfaces - at least 1.5 cm, and on wooden surfaces - 2 cm above the level of the output drain.
Freight plaster Comes for various reasons, regardless of the solution. The reason for the peeling may be that the layers of the solution were applied to a dry, not moistened with water surface, on the dry layers of the previously applied solution, or the fact that the subsequent layers of the solution were applied to the strongest previous ones. For example, peeling can occur if a very strong gypsum solution is applied to a lime-gypsum solution.
Stuccoing of walls a rule
To make 1 m³ of middle strength concrete, you must mix 7, 7 cement bag 0, 62 m³ of river sand and 0, 62 m³ of stone. For high concrete strength, you need 9, 2 cement bag 0, 6 m³ of river sand and 0, 6 m³ of stone. This is a mixture of cement and construction sandwhich is mainly used to build brickwork. It is important that the mixture is correct and consistent, because this is what keeps everything together.
This means one cement container and 6 building sand containers. However, these days the mixture is manufactured with wheeled mounds. Please note that the mixture of six sand wheels with sand and 1 bag with cement is not correct. 2 cement bags are equivalent to 1 wheelbarrow.
Slaving can occur in the event that it is placed on a concrete base to be placed with a lime or lime-gypsum solution without passing layers. In order to avoid this concrete surfaces, it is first to spray cement, then complex and after that with a lime solution.
Freight of color and decorative corrupt layers It happens because they are applied to very strong soils either on soils with an insufficiently rough surface or on weak soils, when the cross-hard layer is stronger and densely soil.
Thus, the correct mixture consists of 6 wheeled disks with sand and 2 cement bags. If necessary, you can use pure soil from your garden. This is a mixture of cement and plaster sand. The plastering sand is very thin, and some careers deliver washed sand. Remember that plaster is the final you will see, and therefore it should be the best.
Plaster is more sensitive and complicated than it seems. It is more than just mixing cement and sand, which is then applied to the walls. You must evaluate good stuccoBecause it does not apply with the machine, but a qualified trader. The type of cement, as well as the quality of the sand is important. We should use washed sand with low clay.
Cracks in Luzgach And on the plaster there are because in the corners of the walls or in the fields of the joints of heterogeneous surfaces, the mesh strips were not packed, or because the solution is applied according to the tubed wooden surfaces, on a soft or poorly fixed structures.
The angles and joints of heterogeneous surfaces before plastering should be tightened by the grid strips and nail it. Wooden overwhelmed walls, partitions, ceilings should be mixed with water before shuffling.
You will find this information, as well as the proportions of the mixture on the cement package. If you are sensitive to the quality of the finished plaster product, then you must make sure the sand. To determine the quality of the sand, you and the contractor can make a simple test: weigh 2, 5 kg of Portland cement and mix it with air dry sand with a capacity of 12, 5 kg.
To achieve a suitable product, the mixture should not require more than 2, 75 liters of water. If more water is required, the sand does not fit. Sand sand can be added to plastering sand to achieve a suitable product. Make one more test and add a measured amount of river sand to plaster sand.
The following deviations from the norm are allowed:
The surface irregularities (detected when overvolateing the rule or template 2 m long) depth or height 2 mm.
The deviation of the surface from the vertical and from the horizontal 1 mm is 1 m of height, but not more than 5 mm for the entire height of the room 1 mm per 1 m length, but not more than 7 mm for the entire length of the room or its part, limited by run, beams, etc. P.
Make sure that all electric pipelines and pipes for plumbing are located quite deeply in the walls and are well protected. It is recommended that an extended wire mesh or chicken wire is nailed over all pipes in the walls and covered with a mixture of river sand and cement until the plaster is completed. This is done to prevent the destruction of plaster over electrical and tap pipes.
Dust must be washed from the walls before the start of the plaster. As a rule, cement bricks must be dry when they are plastered. However, clay bricks should be wet, because they absorb water faster than cement brick. Cracks will develop in plaster when they dry too quickly.
Deviations of Luzga, Usenkov, window and door slopes, pilaster, pillars, etc. from vertical and horizontal 1 mm per 1 m of height or length, but not more than 3 mm on the whole element
Deviations of the radius of curvilinear surfaces from the design value (checked by lectured) to 5 mm
Deviations of the width of the plastered slope from the project to 2 mm.
While the stucco works, the mixture of plaster will fall on the floor. It is impractical to collect it and reuse it after adding water. The force is now not the same as the original party. The material that is not applied to the walls within 2 hours after mixing must be discarded. Encourage the contractor soon to mix small buses than one big, with early morningAnd then continue to add dry cement and water throughout the day.
"Checklist for high-quality plaster" - last part
Next time: the plaster ends for every taste. This is the 3rd and last part. Smooth surface of the plaster: After plaster, check the smoothness of the surface of the plaster. If you plan to fix the tiles on the plaster, make it scratched.
Deviations of the straight line from a straight line ranging between the corners of the intersection of the thrust and lowcomers up to 2 mm.
(Thesis)
Plaster Level: Check the level of plaster with an aluminum rod. If you need, you can use a flashlight. Reduce losses construction solutions: during plastering A solution can be reset. To assemble them, apply an empty cement bag or sheet from polyethylene below. So that you can re-use a fallen solution. They should be collected and reused every 30 minutes.
Sharpness of edges and angles: Check that all edges and angles are sharp and straight. Make a groove sharp and straight. Window Frame: Check the window boundaries using a plumb or spirit level so that they are straight. Check the sharpness of the edges of the window. Check that the boundaries are at right angles.
n1.DOC.
Plastering (high-quality plaster)
Composition of operations and controls| Stages of work | Controlled operations | Control (method, volume) | Documentation |
| Preparatory work | Check: | Act of acceptance of previously performed works, passport, general work log |
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| - the presence of an act of acceptance of previously performed works; | Visual |
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| - the presence of a passport on the solution received and its quality; | Also |
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| - cleaning of the surface from dirt, dust, soot, fat and bitumen spots, spoken salts; | - » - |
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| - performing the tossing of vertical and horizontal surfaces; | Visual, measuring |
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| - installation of removable brands and lighthouses; | Visual |
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| - wetting brick surfaces with water when working in dry weather and at a temperature of +23 С and above; | Also |
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| - Wall moisture and air temperature (in winter). | Visual, measuring |
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| Plastering | Control: | General Journal of Work |
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| - quality plaster mortar; | Laboratory study |
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| - uniformity of application over the surface with ensuring the coating continuity; | Visual, measuring |
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| - average spray thickness, soil, outcome; | Also |
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| - compliance with the technological modes of application of layers of plaster; | Visual |
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| - vertical, horizontal plaster layer; | Visual, measuring |
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| - rock curvature radii; | Measuring |
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| - width of slopes; | Also |
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| - quality of the surface of plaster. | Visual |
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| Acceptance of work performed | Check: | Act of acceptance of work performed |
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| - the tensile strength of plaster with the base; | Visual |
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| - Quality of plastered surfaces. | Also |
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| Instrumental Tool: Construction plumbing, metal line, Rake rule, leases. |
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| Operational control is carried out: Master (foreman), laboratory assistant (engineer) - in the process of work. Acceptance controls are carried out: employees of quality service, master (foreman), representatives of the customer technician. Window sill: checking the windowsill is smooth and smooth. Additive for waterproof: During the external plaster, make sure that the waterproof agent was mixed with the solution. Security measures: Security is an important factor in any construction work. For plastering work, follow the observance of security measures -. Forest strength: during plastering on the ceiling and outside we do scaffolding to stand. Check the scaffolding is correct and tied - especially outside. Wearing a helmet: During external plaster, check all the masons and helmets in the helmet. Electric wiring: During the plaster inside the building, we most often use temporary electrical connections for lighting. Check all the electrical wires above the floor level, and the wires are well isolated. And lights should be hung on dry wood or bamboo. |
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Technical requirements
SNiP 3.04.01-87 Table. 9, 10.
Allocated deviations:
Vertical surfaces:
1 m length - 1 mm,
For the entire height of the room - no more than 5 mm;
Irregularities of smooth outlines (4 m 2) - no more than 2 pcs. depth (height) to 2 mm;
Window and door slips, pilaster, pillars, luzg, etc. from vertical and horizontal (mm per 1 m) - should not exceed 1 mm;
So what to choose
If this checklist will help you, please share with your friends through social networksto help them. Residential building in Oberptersdorf. Our services are strengths Crafts. Your mission is our task to develop high-quality solutions. Recommendations for execution these measures are subject to constant quality control and registration. Thus, we guarantee a smooth workflow, as well as the best possible execution. Communication is Alpha and Omega of the right implementation.
The possibilities of the modern design of walls and facades today are little desirable. The heat-insulating composite system consists of coordinated components for insulation of outer walls, the main components of which are the layer of insulating plates and the last layer of plaster.
Radius of curvilinear surfaces tested by lectured from the design value (on the entire element) - should not exceed 5 mm;
Surfaces from horizontal per 1 m length - 1 mm;
The widths of the project from the project - should not exceed 2 mm;
The straight line from the straight line between the corners of the intersection of the thrust and lowcomers - should not exceed 2 mm.
Facades are contaminated with years and decades, unsightly and wet. The layer is a floor structure as a basis for outdoor coatings. Peat trade requires a high degree of creativity and artistic talent. Asbestos is a carcinogenic substance that can be found in various real estate forms and materials. Especially old facade facing and roof shelters are often greatly loaded. Previously, they were valued for his flame retardant properties, now it is replaced with new materials and production technologies.
Instructions for the production of work
We delete and remove the asbestos-containing elements of the facade professionally and with the necessary official statements. The first step in the plaster wall with plaster is to clean it, even brick. It is important that no contamination, dust or mud traces, otherwise the plaster will not be applied correctly. After cleaning, you must dry the wall until moisture remains in it.
The moisture content of brick and stone surfaces during plastering is not more than 8%.
The thickness of each layer during the device of multilayer plasters without polymer additives, mm:
Spray on stone, brick, concrete surfaces - up to 5;
Spray on wooden surfaces, including the thickness of the drady - to 9;
Soil out cement solutions - up to 5;
Soil from lime, lime-gypsum solutions - to 7;
The coating layer of plastering - 2;
Cutting layer decorative finish - Up to 7.
The tensile strength of plaster solutions, MPa, not less:
For internal work - 0,1;
For external work - 0.4.
Not allowed:
Cutting plaster, cracks, sinks, suits, traces of a grouting tool.
Requirements for the quality of the materials used
GOST 28013-98. Construction solutions. General specifications.
SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings (Table 8).
Plaster solutions set for the construction site must comply with the following technical requirements:
Pass through the mesh with cell size:
Solutions for spray and soil - 3 mm;
Solutions for the corrupt layer and single-layer coatings - 1.5 mm;
Mobility in the range - 5 12 cm;
Relax not more than 15%;
Water-holding ability - at least 90%;
Strength - on the project.
The plastering solution should be prepared on the sand with the size module from 1 to 2; Do not contain grains of over 2.5 mm in solutions for spray and soil and over 1.25 mm for finishing layers.
The plastering solution must be accompanied by a document on the quality document, in which: date and time (hours, min.) Preparation of the mixture, solution brand, type of binder, amount of mixture, mixture mobility, standard designation.
The plaster mortar mixture was delivered to the construction site should be unloaded into an overwhelming mixer or to other tanks under the condition that the specified properties of the mortar mixture are preserved.
Instructions for the production of work
SNiP 3.04.01-87 PP. 3.1, 3.3, 3.7 - 3.11, 3.15, 3.17
Plastering must be performed at a positive temperature. ambient and the finished surfaces are not lower than 10 ° C and air humidity not more than 60%. This room temperature should be maintained around the clock at least 2 days. before the start and 12 days. After completing the work.
Finishing work must be carried out in accordance with the project manufacturing project (PPR) on the construction of buildings and structures. Before the start of finishing work, the following works must be made:
Protection of the premises of atmospheric precipitation is performed;
Waterproofing, thermal insulation and leveling balls of overlapping are arranged;
Seams between blocks and panels are sealed;
The places of conjugates of window, door and balcony blocks are taken and insulated;
Glazed light openings;
Mounted products are mounted, test systems for heat-generation and heating systems.
Plastering and facing (on the project) of surfaces in places of installation of mortgage products of sanitary systems must be performed before the start of their installation.
The execution of plastering coatings on the bases having rust, zip, fatty and bitumen stains, is not allowed. Dusting surfaces should be made before applying each layer of plaster formulations.
The strength of the bases should be no less than the strength of the finishing coating and correspond to the project. The protruding architectural details, places of conjugation with wooden stone, brick and concrete structures should be placed on the metal mesh or wire attached to the surface; Wooden surfaces - on shields from drash.
The inner surfaces of the stone and brick walls erected by freezing method should be placed after thawing the masonry from the inside of at least half the wall thickness.
When plausing walls of bricks at ambient temperature, 23 ° C and above the surface before applying the solution, it is necessary to moisten.
When applying single-layer coatings, their surface should be spacing immediately after applying the solution, in the case of the use of molding machines - after grasping it. When a multi-layer plaster coating device, each layer must be applied after setting the previous one (the corner layer after setting the solution). Smoking the soil should be performed before the decoration of the solution.